語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p普經(jīng)過去時(shí)vedwas/were+Vp.p普通未來時(shí)will+v.willbe+Vp.p過去未來時(shí)would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p過去完成時(shí)had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和未來完成時(shí)經(jīng)?？嫉?1/46最慣用幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語搭配普通現(xiàn)在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now,現(xiàn)在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently普經(jīng)過去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow過去進(jìn)行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while過去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas普通未來next…,tomorrow,in…過去未來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作以后動(dòng)作2/46（1）普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)或表示格言或警句（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.③Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.served④----Thegirl____weightrecently.----Yes,she_____toomuch.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaining,eats3/462)表示現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性重復(fù)出現(xiàn)動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率時(shí)間狀語連用,如always,often,nowandthen等。Icefeelscold.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.3)表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象關(guān)系或概念詞慣用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.4/464)少數(shù)用于表示起止動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等慣用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替未來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按要求、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。往往是由自然,日歷或時(shí)刻表要求而不變且周而復(fù)始循環(huán)進(jìn)行情況,句中常帶有時(shí)間狀語.Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.TomorrowisWednesday.

Thetrain

leavesatthreethisafternoon.

Theplanetakesoffat15:00.SchoolbeginsonFriday.5/465)在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中慣用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替未來時(shí),如when,before,until,If,assoonas等。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.----Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.----OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken6)倒裝句（由here，there開頭句子，動(dòng)詞用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作）

Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.6/46普通過去時(shí):1)基本使用方法：表示過去事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去詳細(xì)時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表示過去習(xí)慣。1.----Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet.（地毯）----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown3.----WasMaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?------Yes,butshe_____soonafterwards.A.hadleftB.leftC.wouldleaveD.willleave7/46Hetoldmehe________aninterestingnovellastnight.②假如從句中有一個(gè)過去時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。普通過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考評重點(diǎn)）。①表示過去事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去詳細(xì)時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表示過去習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望事Imetherinthestreetyesterday.

Heusedtosmokealot.

Ithoughtthefilmwouldbeinteresting,butitisn’t.readyesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in,beforeliberation,atthattime8/463)追憶逝去人或事,慣用過去時(shí).LeiFengsetagoodexampletothepeoplethroughouttheworld.CharlieChaplinwasagreatactorandactedinmanyfilms.4)普通過去時(shí)有時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在行為,但口氣要比用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)愈加委婉,客氣.這么詞有think,wonder,hope等.Iwonderedifyoucoulddomeafavour.9/465)表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用普通過去時(shí)。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.6)慣用普通過去時(shí)句型：Whydidn’tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn’trecognizehim.10/463.普通未來時(shí)1)表示未來動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)慣用will/shall+動(dòng)詞（常與表示未來時(shí)間狀語邊用如tomorrow、nextweek等）。2)表示一個(gè)趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.3)表示未來時(shí)四種形式①will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo(正要干什么)④betodo11/46①begoingto有很強(qiáng)計(jì)劃性，打算干什么，而will表示談話時(shí)暫時(shí)決定意圖，含有暫時(shí)性和偶然性*begoingto表未來，不能用在條件狀語從句主句中；而will則能，表意愿。如：Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.(正確)Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(錯(cuò)誤)

----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.A.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did②begoingto可用來表示某種跡象要發(fā)生事。而will不能表示

Lookattheclouds!It’sgoingtorain.12/463.beto和begoingto①表示約定、計(jì)劃或職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。②betodo安排將要干什么，有很強(qiáng)計(jì)劃性，有時(shí)=begoingtobeto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主觀打算或計(jì)劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.13/464．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”，表示即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作，不與表示未來時(shí)間狀語連用。常與when連用，when此時(shí)意思：就在這時(shí)，是并列連詞組成句型：…beabouttodo…when….Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.14/46尤其注意（1）普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示未來，尤其用于車、船、飛機(jī)等時(shí)刻表中安排好。Theplaneleavestomorrow.(盡管有tomorrow,但沒有will,begoingto)（2）一些瞬間動(dòng)詞“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I______mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavebeen15/46表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行動(dòng)作

,僅限于少許動(dòng)詞：return,stay,do,have,seesboff…

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?工作進(jìn)行怎么樣？工作進(jìn)行相當(dāng)順利。你進(jìn)步很快。我們想在這里建一座水壩。風(fēng)挺大有些人找你接電話。Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?Theworkisgoingfairlysmoothly.You’remakingrapidprogress.We’rethinkingofbuildingadamhere.It’sblowinghard.Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.16/46現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):1表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而還未完成動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作,但說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)表近期特定安排或計(jì)劃；go、come等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替未來時(shí)①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange③----Annworksveryhard.----Infact.Ithinkshe______just(只是)now.studiedB.isstudyingC.studiesD.willstudy17/46⑤Mymoney_____.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutofbeforeI’venoneinhand.A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingrunout⑥Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You_____yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadwornB.woreC.arewearingD.werewearing18/461.You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyouroom!A.alwaysthrowB.havealwaysthrownC.arealwaysthrowingD.havealwaysbeenthrown2.You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A.alwayswatchB.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatchedD.havealwaysbeenwatching現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,continually,constantly,never等連用，表示不滿厭惡或贊揚(yáng)感情色彩。

19/46

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示過去某一時(shí)間正進(jìn)行動(dòng)作。通常有時(shí)間狀語（從句），或由上下文表示。1.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Idon’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticingD.Iwasn’tnoticing2.-----Hey,whatdidIsay?-----I_________.A.I’mnotlisteningB.IwasnotlisteningC.Idon’tlistenedD.Ididn’tlisteneg.Thistimeyesterday,theywerehavinglunch20/462．表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作能夠完，也能夠不一定完成。③-----Whydidn’tyoujoinuslastnight?-----I_____theliveprogramsonthewarbetweenIraqandtheStates.A.watchedB.waswatchingC.hadwatchedD.havebeenwatching④----Whyweren’tyouatthemeeting?----I____foralong–distancecallfrommyfatherinAustralia.A.waitedB.waswaitingC.hadwaitedD.havebeen⑤Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We____anxiousaboutyou.We____youbackmuchearlierallthroughthenight.A.are,expectB.were,hadexpectedC.willbe,areexpectingD.havebeen,wereexpecting⑥----Youlooktired.----Yes.I____untiltwelveo’clock.A.amworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked21/463．在簡單句中有atthattime,then,thistimeyesterday/lastweek,at10o’clocklastnight等詳細(xì)時(shí)間狀語用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked尤其注意：與always連用，表示感情色彩。Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.22/461.—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmaking

B.don’tmake

C.won’tmake

D.didn’tmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischanging

B.haschanged

C.willhavechanged

D.willchange3.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswim

B.haveswum

C.swam

D.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____bynow.A.hasn’tturnedup

B.doesn’tturnup

C.won’tturnup

D.hadn’tturnedup23/465.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____thewrongbus.A.catch

B.hadcaught

C.caught

D.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalk

B.hadbeenwalking

C.walked

D.waswalking8.Ireallydon’tthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_____.A.is

B.does

C.willbe

D.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_________.A.wereplaying

B.weretoplay

C.hadplayed

D.played24/4610.—Kateisinhospital.—Oh,really?I_______.________visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoand

B.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I’mgoingto

D.didn’tknow;I’mgoingto11.—Where_______theguidebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.—I_______itrighthere,butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveput

B.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;put

D.wereyouputting;put14.—Doyouliveinthiscity?—No,we______itforholidays.A.justvisit

B.justvisited

C.arejustvisiting

D.havevisited15.—Howistheoldmannow?—Sorry,he______thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdead

B.haddied

C.hasbeendead

D.died25/4616.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______.A.willbetaken

B.aretaken

C.weretaken

D.hadbeentaken17.I’mafraiditwillbetwomonths______.A.whenIcomeback

B.whenI’llcomeback

C.beforeIcomeback

D.beforeI’llcomeback18.Theworkers_____busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe______intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleft

B.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleft

D.hadworked;left19.Thenotice______“Nosmoking”.

A.istold

B.reads

C.tells

D.isread26/46（4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除能夠和for、since引導(dǎo)狀語連用外，還能夠和下面介詞短語連用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks)、inrecentyears等。②以下句型中慣用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成時(shí)This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成時(shí)This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that從句+完成時(shí)③在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)能夠代替普通未來時(shí)。如：IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.27/46（5）過去完成時(shí)①慣用過去完成時(shí)幾個(gè)情況：1.在by、bytheend、bythetime、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間短語或從句以前發(fā)生動(dòng)作。如：Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.2)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。慣用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped/planned…+tohavedone。Ihadhopedtoseeheragain.我本希望再見她一面.(但沒能如愿)3）“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用普通過去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.28/464）表示“一……就”幾個(gè)句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主語+過去分詞+when/than/before+普通過去時(shí)。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.②在before或after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句中用普通過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.29/461.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.

A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied

2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.

A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned

3.I_____myson_____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.

A.hoped;wouldbecome B.hadhoped;wouldbecome

C.hadhoped;willbecome D.hope;willbecome

4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcome

30/46（6）過去未來時(shí)參考普通未來時(shí)對比：woulddo、was/weregoingtodosth.表過去未來；come、go、leave等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去未來時(shí)；was/weretodosth.和was/wereabouttodosth.表過去未來。7）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)①過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。②某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句中。31/469.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)組成：have/hasbeendoing表示過去某一動(dòng)作狀態(tài)一直連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能將連續(xù)下去。

----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?---Yes,that’whyI_____toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone

32/469.未來完成時(shí)：will/shall+havedone

表示未來某一時(shí)間之前完成動(dòng)作，常與表示未來時(shí)間狀語連用，如：bytheendof+未來時(shí)間短語,bythetime+從句（從句用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普通未來時(shí)），這時(shí)句子或主句應(yīng)用未來完成時(shí)

Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbythetimehecomesback..10.普通未來進(jìn)行時(shí)；willbedoing/shallbedoing表示未來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作

Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?33/461.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.havefound B.willbefoundC.willhavefound D.arefinding2.Theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlast D.haslasted34/461.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I___(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.

A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;haveputD.have;put;haveput2.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher?

A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened3.Hello,I____youwereinLondon.Howlong_________here?

A.don’tknow;wereyouB.hadn’tknown;areyouC.haven’tknown;areD.didn’tknow;haveyoubeen4.I’mgladtotellyouthatwe_____theworkinlesstimethanwe_____expectedto.

A.finished;wereB.havefinished;areC.havefinished;wereD.hadfinished;were5.WhenIwasatcollegeI_______threeforeignlanguagebutI________allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenC.hadspoken;haveforgotten35/462.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.“---Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.

A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted

2.---Haveyouhadanylettersfromhim?---No,Ihaven’t,butmywife_______himregularly.

A.hasheardfromB.hasbeenhearingfromC.hadheardfromD.hears36/463.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretary_______.

A.justhelpout;comesB.havejusthelpedout;willcomeC.amjusthelpingout;comesD.willjusthelpout;hascome

2.---Whenshallweleave?---AssoonasI______whatI_______.

A.willfinish;doB.havefinished,amdoingC.finish,willdoD.finish,do3.Atthattimehe_____inthelibrary.

A.workedB.hadworkedC.wasworkingD.wouldwork4.Thestudents____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe____intheoffice.

A.wereworking;hadleftB.worked;leftC.hadworked;leftD.wereworking;wouldleave

5.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!---Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.

A.I’mnotnoticing.B.Iwasn’tnoticing.C.Ihaven’tnoticed.D.Idon’tnotice.E.Ididn’tnotice.F.Iwon’tnotice37/464.普通過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish2.Tom-________intothehousewhennoone___________.

A.slipped;wasnoticingB.hadslipped;noticedC.slipped;hadnoticedD.wasslipping;noticed

3.Asshe________thenewspaper,Granny_________asleep.

A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell4.ThelasttimeI_________Janeshe__________cottoninthefields.

A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickedC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking38/462、被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)簡述被動(dòng)語態(tài)組成方式：be+過去分詞，口語只也有用get/become+過去分詞表示。被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本使用方法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者慣用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)能夠省略）。（1）使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問題。①主動(dòng)改變被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語改變?？匆韵吕?。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.39/46②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byhe