IntroductionAgoodbeginningmakesagoodending.組員：周志文，祝聰，寧曉栩，劉鳳儀，張曉曼第1頁11.Whatisanintroduction?2.What’sthepurposeoftheintroduction?3.HowshouldIstart?4.Themodelofintroduction.5.Fourcomponentsofamodel.6.Vocabulary第2頁21.WhatIsanIntroduction?Theintroductionsectionshowsthequestionsthatshouldbeansweredforthereadersoncetheyfinishreadingthe“Introduction”.Readerswillaskthequestions:WhattopicamIgoingtolearnabout? Whyisthattopicimportant?DoIknowthetopicalready?WhatdoIknowalready?第3頁32.What’sthePurposeoftheIntroduction?Theintroductioncomesatthestartofapieceofwriting.Withoutthispart,thereadercannoteasilyunderstandthemoredetailedinformationabouttheresearchthatcomeslaterinthethesis.

Itintroduces:theresearchbysituatingit(bygivingbackground),presentingtheresearchproblem,andsayinghowandwhythisproblemwillbesolved,explainingwhytheresearchisbeingdone.whichiscrucialforthereadertounderstandthesignificanceofthestudy.第4頁43.HowShouldIStart?Youmaywanttostartyourintroduction

bydescribingtheproblemyouaretryingtosolve,ortheaimofyourwork,butasyouwillseewhenyouexaminepublishedwork,thisisnothowmostresearchpapersbegin—andthereforeitisnotthebestwayforyoutobegin.

第5頁5Inordertohelpyouwritetheintroductiontoyourownresearch,themodelyoubuildmustanswerthefollowingthreequestions:Howdowritersnormallystarttheintroduction?Whattypeofinformationshouldbeinmyintroduction,andinwhatorder?Howdowritersnormallyendtheintroduction?第6頁6（文章起源數(shù)據(jù)庫）《糖尿病孕婦臨床錯誤醫(yī)療辦法》(文章起源期刊)ExampleAnalysis第7頁7Background,介紹背景，糖尿病孕婦及其嬰兒患病幾率比正常孕婦高出數(shù)倍。presentingtheresearchproblemandsayinghowandwhythisproblemwillbesolved：伴隨科技發(fā)展，降低患病率成為可能，此項研究也含有必要性ResearchMethod，本文研究方法：個案分析Theaimofthispaper本文研究目標：提升糖尿病孕婦母子健康幾率第8頁84.TheModelofIntroduction(1)establishestheimportanceofthisresearchtopic(2)providesgeneralbackgroundinformationforthereader.(3)inamoredetailedway,usingresearchreferencestosupportboththebackgroundfactsandtheclaimforsignificance.(4)describesthegeneralproblemareaorthecurrentresearchfocusofthefield.確立研究主題主要性為讀者提供總體背景信息與第1、2句做法一樣，不過更詳細描述了所研究領域普通性問題或當前研究焦點第9頁9Continue(5)providesatransitionbetweenthegeneralproblemareaandtheliteraturereview(6)providesabriefoverviewofkeyresearchprojectsinthisarea.(7)describesagapintheresearch(8)describesthepaperitself(9)givesdetailsaboutthemethodology(10)announcesthefindings提供了總體問題領域到文件綜述之間一個過渡概述了此研究領域主要研究項目描述了已經(jīng)有研究空白描述了論文本身工作詳細描述了論文中所用方法公布了論文結論第10頁105.FourComponentsofaModel1EstablishtheimportanceofyourfieldProvidebackground/facts/information(possiblyfromresearch)Definetheterminologyinthetitle/keywordsPresenttheproblemarea/currentresearchfocus確立研究領域主要性提供背景事實或信息（有可能來自現(xiàn)有文件）定義題目或關鍵詞中術語給出所研究問題范圍或當前研究重點2Previousand/orcurrentresearchandcontributions前期研究或當前研究及其貢獻3LocateagapintheresearchDescribetheproblemyouwilladdressPresentapredictiontobetested確定已經(jīng)有研究工作空白；描述你要處理問題展現(xiàn)要驗證預測4Describethepresentpaper描述現(xiàn)在論文第11頁116.Vocabulary(fourcomponents)1.Establishingsignificanceabasicissueacentralproblemachallengingareaaclassicfeatureacommonissueaconsiderablenumberacrucialissueacurrentproblemadramaticincreaseanessentialelementafundamentalissueagrowthinpopularityanincreasingnumberaninterestingfieldakeytechniquerecentdecadesforanumberofyearsformanyyearsnowadaysrecentlytodayoverthepasttenyears(has)focused(on)(hasbeen)extensivelystudiedmuchstudyinrecentyearsnumerousinvestigationseconomicallyimportantimportance/importantofgreatconcern第12頁122.Verbsusedintheliteraturereviewtopresentpreviousand/orcurrentresearchandcontributions

achieveaddressadoptanalyzeapplyargueassumeattemptcalculatecategorizecarryoutchooseclaimdevelopdiscoverdiscussenhanceestablishestimateevaluateexamineexplainexploreextendfindfocusonobtainovercomeperformpointoutpredictpresentproduceproposeproveprovidepublishputforwardrealize第13頁133.Gap/Question/Problem/Criticismsignaledbywordssuchashowever,although,while,nevertheless,despite,but.ambiguouscomputationallydemandingconfuseddeficientdoubtfulexpensivefalsefarfromperfectill-definedimpracticalimprobableinaccurateinadequatenotapparentnotdealtwithnotrepeatablenotstudiednotsufficiently(+adj.)notwellunderstoodnot/nolongerusefuloflittlevalueover-simplisticpoorproblematicquestionable(the)absenceof

(an)alternativeapproach

(a)challenge

(a)defect

(a)difficulty

(a)disadvantage

(a)drawback

(an)error

(a)flaw

(a)gapinourknowledge

(a)lack

(a)limitation

(a)needforclarification

(the)nextstep

第14頁144.Thepresentwork(to)facilitate(to)illustrate(to)improve(to)manageto(to)minimize(to)offer(to)outline