高一英語選擇性必修一課文及翻譯（外研版新教材）中英Word精編文檔Unit1Laughoutloud!UnderstandingideasTheBestMedicine最佳妙方1AsIapproachthehospitalwearingmywhitecoat,Ilookjustlikeanyotherdoctor.ThatisuntilIputonmycurlyrainbowwig,bigrednose,andaddmynamebadge“DoctorLarryLaugh-Out-Loud”.Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea,wherethere’safamiliaratmosphereofboredomandtension.Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.Anxiousparentsdowhattheycantocomfortnervousandcryingchildren.當(dāng)我穿著白大褂走進(jìn)醫(yī)院時(shí)，我看起來和其他醫(yī)生沒什么兩樣——直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹色假發(fā)和大紅鼻子，別上我的名牌“拉里，笑哈哈醫(yī)生”。我穿過一道道門進(jìn)入候診區(qū)，這里充斥著常見的厭煩和緊張情緒。人們別扭地坐在塑料椅上，翻閱著那些已經(jīng)被讀過數(shù)百遍的舊雜志。焦慮的父母?jìng)冋M其所能安撫緊張哭鬧的孩子。2InthemiddleofthisparticularsceneIspotasmallgirlwhoseankleistwiceitsnormalsize.Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse,whotellsmethatLara’sparentsrushedhertothehospitalaftershefelloffherbicycle.Sincegettinghere,Larahasspenthertimecryinginpain.Althoughit’sthedoctorsandnurseswhowilltreatherinjury,it’smyjobtomakeherfeelbetter.在這個(gè)特別的場(chǎng)景里，我注意到一個(gè)小女孩，她的腳踝腫成了原來的兩倍。我和值班護(hù)士交談時(shí)她告訴我，勞拉從自行車上摔下來，她父母趕緊將她送到醫(yī)院。自從來到這里，勞拉就因?yàn)樘弁炊恢贝罂?。盡管為她治療傷痛的是醫(yī)生和護(hù)士，但讓她的心情變好則是我的工作。3Scientificstudiesshowthatlaughterproduceschemicalstomakepeoplefeelbetter,whichmeansclowndoctorscanbehelpful.Wearespeciallytrainedclownswhoworkaspartofaprogrammeknownas“hospitalclowning”.IchosethiscareerbecauseofmyexperienceofgoingtohospitalwhenIwasakid.Althoughthedoctorsandnursesdidagreatjob,hospitalsweren’treallydesignedforchildren.IspentmuchofthetimewhenIwastherefeelingfrightenedandmorethanlittlebored!BeingaclowndoctormeansIcanhelppeoplebyentertainingthem.科學(xué)研究表明，歡笑能產(chǎn)生使人心情變好的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這就意味著小丑醫(yī)生能幫到患者。我們是受過專門培訓(xùn)的小丑，是“醫(yī)院小丑”項(xiàng)目的成員。我之所以選擇這個(gè)職業(yè)，是因?yàn)槲易约盒r(shí)候去醫(yī)院的經(jīng)歷。盡管當(dāng)時(shí)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士都盡職盡責(zé)，但醫(yī)院實(shí)在不是個(gè)適合孩子們待的地方。我在那里度過的大部分時(shí)間要么覺得害怕，要么感到非常無聊！而成為小丑醫(yī)生意味著我可以通過娛樂人們的方4Visitinghospitalsandotherhealthcarefacilities,weclowndoctorsworktogetherwithmedicalprofessionals.Onatypicalday,wespendourtimecheeringuppatients,theirfamilies,andmoreoftenthannot,thehospitalstaff,too!Wedothisbydoingmagictricks,singingsongs,tellingstoriesand,ofcourse,tellingsillyjokes.Somechildren,though,don’tfeellikelaughing,especiallyifthey’reinpain.Wehavetobeverysensitiveandworkcloselywiththedoctorsandnurses,whokeepusupdatedoneachpatient.我們小丑醫(yī)生和專業(yè)醫(yī)療人員一起工作，要走訪醫(yī)院和其他的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。我們一天的工作內(nèi)容通常是為病人、病人家屬，甚至是醫(yī)院的工作人員帶來歡樂！為此，我們會(huì)變魔術(shù)、唱歌、講故事，當(dāng)然還會(huì)講一些滑稽的笑話。不過，有些孩子并不想笑，特別是在他們很疼痛的時(shí)候。所以我們必須非常善解人意，并且與醫(yī)護(hù)人員密切合作，他們會(huì)為我們提供每個(gè)病人的最新情況。5Andmymagicmedicinedoesindeedseemtodothetrick.WhilethedoctorconcentratesonexaminingLara’sankle,Igetherattentionbydoingamagictrick.Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain,herscaredandanxiouslookhasbeenreplaced—firstbyasmallsmile,andthenbyloudlaughterasI“magically”producehersockfromoutofmypocket.SeeingtheirdaughtersomuchhappierhasinturnmadeLara’sparentsmorerelaxed.而我的靈藥似乎確實(shí)起作用了。當(dāng)醫(yī)生集中精力檢查勞拉的腳踝時(shí)，我用魔術(shù)來吸引勞拉的注意力。盡管她顯然仍然有些痛苦，但她恐懼和焦慮的表情已經(jīng)不見了：先是一個(gè)小小的微笑，接著變成了大笑——因?yàn)槲摇澳g(shù)般地”從我的口袋里變出了她的一只襪子?？吹脚畠浩铺闉樾?，勞拉的父母也松了一口氣。6Andasforme?Well,whenItakeoffmywigandmyrednose,I’mstillwearingabigsmile,asIrememberallthefunandlaughteroftheday.WhiletheremightbemorehospitalvisitsaheadforLaraandothers,Ihopethatclowndoctorshelpmakeitafriendlierplacetovisit.Afterall,itreallyistruethat“l(fā)aughteristhebestmedicine”.至于我呢？當(dāng)我摘下假發(fā)和紅鼻子的時(shí)候，我臉上仍然帶著大大的微笑，因?yàn)槲矣浀眠@天所有的樂趣和歡笑。也許將來，對(duì)于勞拉或者其他人來說，他們還有更多到醫(yī)院就診的需要，但我希望，小丑醫(yī)生能夠幫助醫(yī)院成為一個(gè)更溫暖友善的就診場(chǎng)所。畢竟，“歡笑是最佳妙方”，這句話是真的。Unit1Laughoutloud!DevelopingideasTheImportanceofHumour幽默的重要性years.ThereiscomedyinthetextsofAncientGreece,andmedievalwritingsarefilledwithjokes.Whilethesesamejokesmightnotbeasfunnytousnowastheywerethen,theirauthorsunderstoodthathumourcouldnotonlyentertainbutalsothrownewlightonsensitiveoremotiveissues.數(shù)千年來，幽默一直是人類行為的重要組成部分。古希臘的文字中記載有喜劇，而中世紀(jì)的作品中也常常出現(xiàn)笑話。雖然那些笑話對(duì)現(xiàn)在的我們來說可能不像當(dāng)時(shí)那么有趣，但是它們的作者明白，幽默不僅娛樂大眾，而且可以使人們對(duì)敏感問題或有爭(zhēng)議的問題產(chǎn)生新的認(rèn)識(shí)。2Closertomoderntimes,someonewhoisrememberedforhisabilitytocombinehumourwithmoreseriousmessagesisAmericanwriter,MarkTwain.Twain’sparticularstyleofwritingisfunnyandoftenmischievous.Forexample,inhisclassicnovelTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,hefamouslysays,“Writingiseasy.Allyouhavetodoiscrossoutthewrongwords.”Butheisequallywellknownforhiswittyremarksinhiseverydayinteractionswithpeople.Forinstance,whileonalecturingtouroftheUnitedStates,Twainwentintoabarber’sshoptogetahaircutandashave.Thebarber,notrecognisinghim,askedifhehadatickettothelecture.WhenTwainrepliedthathedidn’t,thebarbertoldhimthatifhewantedtogototheeventhewouldhavetostand,astherewerenoseatsleftinthetheatre.Twain’sresponsewas,“That’sjustmyluck.Ialwayshavetostandwhenthatfellowlectures!”到了近現(xiàn)代，美國作家馬克·吐溫因擅長用幽默的方式表達(dá)嚴(yán)肅的內(nèi)容而著稱。吐溫獨(dú)特的寫作風(fēng)格幽默風(fēng)趣，而且常常帶有調(diào)侃意味。例如，在他的經(jīng)典小說《湯姆·索耶歷險(xiǎn)記》中有一句名言“寫作很容易，你要做的就是把錯(cuò)誤的單詞劃掉?！彼粘Ｅc人交流中的詼諧言論同樣出名。比如，有一次在美國做巡回演講時(shí)，馬克·吐溫走進(jìn)一家理發(fā)店去理發(fā)和刮臉。理發(fā)師沒有認(rèn)出他來，問他有沒有這場(chǎng)演講的門票，馬克·吐溫說沒有。理發(fā)師告訴他，如果他想去聽演講就只能站著了，因?yàn)閯≡豪镆呀?jīng)沒有座位了。馬克·吐溫回答說：“真倒霉。只要那個(gè)家伙演講，我總是要站著！”3LikeTwain,butontheothersideoftheworld,LinYutangwassoontobecomefamousforhisuniquebrandofhumour.Awell-knownbilingualwriter,LinbroughttheconceptofhumourtomodernChineseliterature.In1924,hecreativelyborrowed“youmo”fromAncientChineseasthetranslationfortheEnglishword“humour”.“Youmo”isstillbeingusedinthiswaytoday.和馬克·吐溫類似，在世界的另一端，林語堂很快也因其獨(dú)特的幽默風(fēng)格而聞名。作為著名的雙語作家，林語堂將幽默的概念引入了中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)。1924年，他創(chuàng)造性地借用古漢語中的“幽默”作為英文單詞“humour”的翻譯。今天，“幽默”一詞仍在以這種方式被人們使用。4Lin’squickwithelpedmakehimfamousasamasterofhumour.Once,havingbeeninvitedtodinneratauniversity,hewasputonthespotwhenthepresidentsuddenlyaskedhimtogiveaspeech.Thinkingonhisfeet,LinstartedtoFirstcamealion.Themanwhisperedsomethinginthelion’sear,afterwhichthelionshookitsheadandwalkedawayunhappily.Thenalongcameatiger.Again,themanwhisperedinthetiger’sear.Thetigerlookedshockedandhurriedaway.“Whatdidyousaytomyanimals?”saidtheemperor,astonished.“Itoldthemtheyhadtomakeaspeechaftereatingmefordinner.”Lin’saudienceroaredwithlaughter.Withthislittlejoke,Linwasabletomakepeoplelaugh,whilegentlytellingoffthepresident.林語堂的機(jī)智使他成為著名的幽默大師。有一次，他被邀請(qǐng)去一所大學(xué)吃晚飯，當(dāng)校長突然讓他做演講時(shí)，他感到很為難。林語堂急中生智，開始講述一個(gè)殘忍的羅馬皇帝試圖把一個(gè)人喂給野獸的故事。首先來了一頭獅子，那人對(duì)獅子耳語了幾句，獅子搖了搖頭，不高興地走開了。然后來了一只老虎，那人又對(duì)老虎耳語了幾句，老虎看起來很震驚，急忙跑開了?！澳銓?duì)我的動(dòng)物們說了什么？”皇帝驚訝地說道?！拔腋嬖V它們，把我作為晚飯吃掉后，它們必須要演講一番?！绷终Z堂的聽眾們哄堂大笑。通過這個(gè)小笑話，林語堂既能讓大家哈哈大笑，同時(shí)也委婉地表達(dá)了對(duì)校長的不滿。5BothTwainandLinunderstoodthathumourisn’tjustaboutlaughter,butisawayoflifeandatoolthatcanbeusedtoilluminatetheworld.Linevencreatedanequationtoexplainthisconcept:Reality+Dreams+Humour=Wisdom.Livingandworkingwithotherscansometimesbecomplicated,andhumourmakesthiseasier.Sharingjokesandlaughingtogethercanbringindividualsandevencommunitiestogether.Indeed,somemayarguethatourneedforhumourisalmostasgreatasourneedforwaterandair.InthewordsofMarkTwain,“Humorismankind’sgreatestblessing”.馬克·吐溫和林語堂都明白，幽默不僅僅能帶來笑聲，它還是一種生活方式，是一種可以用來闡明世界的工具。林語堂甚至還創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)公式來解釋他的理念：現(xiàn)實(shí)+夢(mèng)想+幽默=智慧。和其他人在一起生活和工作有時(shí)候并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以讓事情變得更簡(jiǎn)單。一起講笑話、一起歡笑可以使不同的個(gè)體甚至是團(tuán)體凝聚在一起。事實(shí)上，有些人甚至?xí)J(rèn)為我們對(duì)幽默的需求幾乎與我們對(duì)水和空氣的需求一樣強(qiáng)烈。用馬克吐溫的話來說：“幽默是人類頭等的幸事?！盪nit2OnwardsandupwardsUnderstandingideasWeRegrettoInformYou...我們抱歉地通知您……1“Weregrettoinformyou...”Thesearethewordsthateverywriterdreadsreceiving,butwordseverywriterknowswell.Theresponsefromapublishercomesbackandthewritereagerlyopensandreadsit,theirheartssinkingwhenandfreetimetowriteyourlife’swork,yetstillthisisoftennotenough.Everyoneknowsthatsuccessrarelyhappensovernight,butperhapsnotmanyknowthatalotofhighlysuccessfulwritershavepreviouslyfacedrejection.“我們抱歉地通知您……”這句話對(duì)每個(gè)作家而言既害怕又熟悉。出版商給了反饋，作家急切地拆開來讀，但讀到這最后一句，心隨即跌落谷底。你可能已經(jīng)花費(fèi)數(shù)年時(shí)間，放棄了周末和空閑時(shí)間去創(chuàng)作你的畢生作品，但這往往還不夠。大家都明白，成功不是一蹴而就的；但也許很多人都不知道，許多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。2TakeforexampleJ.K.Rowling.Whenshereceivedherfirstrejectionletter,shedecidedthatitmeantshenowhadsomethingincommonwithherfavouritewriters,andstuckitonherkitchenwall.Rowlinghadspentyearssurvivingonlittlemoney,spendingallhertimewriting.Whenshefinallyfinishedherfirstbook,shereceivedcommentsfrompublishersalongthelinesof“toodifficultforchildren”,“toolong”,“Childrenwouldnotbeinterestedinit”.Nevertheless,shepersevered.“Iwasn’tgoingtogiveupuntileverysinglepublisherturnedmedown,butIoftenfearedthatwouldhappen,”shelaterposted.Afteratotaloftwelverejections,onepublishereventuallyagreedtoprint500copiesofherfirstbook,andasweknow,HarryPotterbecameaglobalsuccess,withover400millionbookssoldandtranslatedintomorethanseventydifferentlanguages.以J.K.羅琳為例。當(dāng)她收到第一封拒稿信時(shí)，她決定把這看作是自己與喜愛的作家之間有了共同之處，并把這封信貼在廚房的墻上。羅琳過了很多年拮據(jù)的生活，她把所有時(shí)間都用在寫作上。當(dāng)她終于完成第一本書時(shí)，出版商給出的評(píng)價(jià)卻是“對(duì)孩子來說太難理解”“太長”“孩子們不會(huì)對(duì)它感興趣”等等。盡管如此，她還是堅(jiān)持了下來?！拔也粫?huì)放棄的，除非所有的出版商都拒絕我。不過我常常擔(dān)心這真的會(huì)發(fā)生?！彼髞碚f。在收到12封拒稿信后，終于有一家出版商同意將她的第一本書印刷500冊(cè)。我們都知道，《哈利·波特》后來在全球大獲成功，銷量超過4億冊(cè)，被翻譯成了70多種不同的語言。3Alltoooftenwritersofgreatworkshavehadtofacecriticismalongwithrejection.J.D.Salingerstartedwritingshortstoriesinhighschool,butlaterstruggledtogethisworkspublished.“Wefeelthatwedon’tknowthecentralcharacterwellenough”wasthecriticismhereceivedonhismanuscriptforTheCatcherintheRye.Despiterejectionsfromseveralpublishers,J.D.Salingerrefusedtogiveup.EvenwhenservingintheUSArmyduringtheSecondWorldWar,hecarriedsixchaptersofTheCatcherintheRyewithhimandworkedonthenovelthroughouthiswarservice.Whenitwaseventuallypublished,thebookbecameanimmediatebest-sellerandwentontosellmillionsandmillionsofcopies.偉大作品的作家也常常在被回絕的同時(shí)還要遭受批評(píng)。J.D.塞林格從高中就開始寫短篇小說了，但之后他的作品卻難以發(fā)表?！拔覀冇X得自己無法充分理解主人公。”這是他的《麥田里的守望者》的手稿收到的批評(píng)。即使被多家出版商回絕，J.D.塞林格也從未放棄。甚至在二戰(zhàn)期間在美國陸軍服役時(shí)，他還隨身攜修改。最終，這本書一經(jīng)出版，便立刻成為暢銷書，賣出了上千萬冊(cè)。4PerhapstheoverallprizeforperseveranceshouldgotothreesistersfromVictorianEnglandwhodreamtofseeingtheirwordsinprint.This,however,wasatimewhenwomenwerenotencouragedtobecomewriters.AsthethenPoetLaureate,RobertSouthey,wrotetooneofthem:“Literaturecannotbethebusinessofawoman’slife,anditoughtnottobe.”Nevertheless,thesistersdidn’tstoptrying.Theirresponsewastowriteabookofpoemsundermalenames.Evenwhenthebooksoldonlytwocopies,thesistersstilldidn’tgiveup.Theystartedwritingnovels,andtodayCharlotteBront?’sJaneEyre,EmilyBront?’sWutheringHeightsandAnneBront?’sAgnesGreyareregardedasclassicsofworldliterature.Infact,itiswithinthepagesofJaneEyrethatwecanfindthesewords:“Ihonourendurance,perseverance,industry,talent;becausethesearethemeansbywhichmenachievegreatends...”也許堅(jiān)持不懈的最高榮譽(yù)應(yīng)該頒給來自英國維多利亞時(shí)代的三姐妹。她們夢(mèng)想著看到自己的作品出版。然而，這是一個(gè)不鼓勵(lì)女性成為作家的時(shí)代。正如當(dāng)時(shí)的桂冠詩人羅伯特·騷塞在給她們其中一位的信中所說：“文學(xué)不可能也不應(yīng)該成為女人的事業(yè)?！北M管如此，三姐妹并沒有放棄嘗試。她們的應(yīng)對(duì)方式是以男性名字為筆名寫了一本詩集。雖然這本詩集只賣出了兩冊(cè)，但她們還是沒有放棄，轉(zhuǎn)而開始寫小說。如今，夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《簡(jiǎn)·愛》、艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼嘯山莊》和安妮·勃朗特的《艾格妮絲·格雷》被認(rèn)為是世界文學(xué)的經(jīng)典之作。其實(shí)，這正印證了我們?cè)凇逗?jiǎn)·愛》中讀到的：“我崇尚忍耐、堅(jiān)毅、勤奮、天賦；因?yàn)橹挥幸揽窟@些，人們才能實(shí)現(xiàn)宏大的目標(biāo)……”5So,itseemsthattalentaloneisn’tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.Whilealotofhardworkandatouchofluckplayapart,perseveranceisthekey.Keeptryingandeventuallyyouwillreadthewords“Wearedelightedtoinformyou...”因此，似乎僅憑天賦不足以保證成功。不懈的努力和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣固然很重要，但堅(jiān)持不懈才是關(guān)鍵。堅(jiān)持下去，你終會(huì)收到這樣的回復(fù)：“我們高興地通知您……”Unit2OnwardsandupwardsDevelopingideasThreeDaystoSee假如給我三天光明1Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehimmoreappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.一件幸運(yùn)的事情，因?yàn)楹诎禃?huì)使人更加珍惜視力，靜默能教會(huì)人享受聲音的美妙。2NowandthenIhavetestedmyseeingfriendstodiscoverwhattheysee.Recently,Iaskedafriendwhohadjustreturnedfromalongwalkinthewoodswhatshehadobserved.“Nothinginparticular,”shereplied.我時(shí)常詢問我那些看得見的朋友們，想了解他們看到了什么。最近，我問一個(gè)從林子里散步了許久回來的朋友觀察到了什么，她答道：“沒什么特別的?！?Howwasitpossible,Iaskedmyself,towalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthyofnote?Iwhocannotseefindhundredsofthingstointerestmethroughmeretouch.IfIcangetsomuchpleasurefromtouch,howmuchmorebeautymustberevealedbysight?AndIhaveimaginedwhatIshouldmostliketoseeifIweregiventheuseofmyeyes,sayforjustthreedays.我問自己，在林子里散步一小時(shí)之久卻沒有看到任何值得注意的東西，這怎么可能呢？我一個(gè)看不見的人，僅僅通過觸覺，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)成百上千件引起我興趣的東西。如果僅僅通過觸覺就能得到如此多的快樂，那么視覺能展現(xiàn)多少美好的事物啊。我想象過，如果我能被恩賜恢復(fù)視覺，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。4Onthefirstday,Ishouldwanttoseethepeoplewhosekindnessandgentlenessandcompanionshiphavemademylifeworthliving.Idonnotknowwhatitistoseeintotheheartofafriendthroughthat“windowofthesoul”,theeye.Icanonly“see”throughmyfingertipstheoutlineofaface.Ishouldliketoseethebookswhichhavebeenreadtome,andwhichIhaverevealedtomethedeepestchannelsofhumanlifeandthehumanspirit.IntheafternoonIshouldtakealongwalkinthewoodsandintoxicatemyeyesonthebeautiesoftheworldofnature.Thatnight,Ishouldnotbeabletosleep.第一天，我想見幾個(gè)人，他們用善良、溫柔和陪伴讓我覺得我有活下去的意義。我不知道通過“心靈的窗戶”——眼睛來了解一個(gè)朋友是怎樣一種體驗(yàn)。因?yàn)槲抑荒芡ㄟ^我的指尖“看見”朋友的面部輪廓。我還要看書，那些別人讀給我的書，那些為我揭示了人生和人類精神的深刻奧秘的書。到了下午，我要在樹林中散步，讓我的目光陶醉在大自然世界的美景中。這個(gè)夜晚，我夜不能寐。5Onmysecondday,Ishouldliketoseethepageantofman’sprogress,andIshouldgotothemuseums.Ishouldtrytoprobeintothesoulofmanthroughhisart.ThethingsIknewthroughtouchIshouldnowsee.TheeveningofmyseconddayIshouldspendatatheateroratthemovies.第二天，我想看人類發(fā)展的奇觀，我要去博物館。我要通過人類的藝術(shù)探究人類的靈魂。那些之前通過觸摸知曉的事物，我現(xiàn)在要親眼看一看。而這一天的傍晚，我要在劇院或電影院度過。6Thefollowingmorning,Ishouldagaingreetthedawn,anxioustodiscovernewdelights,newrevelationsofbeauty.TodayIshallspendintheworkadayworld,第三天清晨，我將再次迎接黎明，熱切地去探索更多愉悅，發(fā)現(xiàn)更多美好。這天我將在平凡的世界里度過，在為生活奔波的人們常去的地方度過。7Atmidnightpermanentnightwouldcloseinonmeagain.OnlywhendarknesshadagaindescendeduponmeshouldIrealizehowmuchIhadleftunseen.午夜，永恒的黑暗將再次把我籠罩。唯有在黑暗再次來襲時(shí)，我才意識(shí)到我還有那么多事情沒有看到。8Iwhoamblindcangiveonehinttothosewhosee:Useyoureyesasiftomorrowyouwouldbestrickenblind.Andthesamemethodcanbeappliedtotheothersenses.Hearthemusicofvoices,thesongofabird,themightystrainsofanorchestra,asifyouwouldbestrickendeaftomorrow.Toucheachobjectyouwanttotouchasiftomorrowyourtactilesensewouldfail.Smelltheperfumeofflowers,tastewithrelisheachmorsel,asiftomorrowyoucouldneversmellandtasteagain.Butofallthesenses,Iamsurethatsightmustbethemostdelightful.我，一個(gè)盲人，可以給那些看得見的人一個(gè)忠告：要像明天就要慘遭失明之痛一樣去使用你的眼睛。同樣的方法也能用于其他感官：要像明天就要慘遭失聰之痛一樣，去仔細(xì)聆聽音樂的旋律、鳥兒的歌唱、交響樂的震撼音符；要像明天就會(huì)觸覺衰退一樣，去觸摸你想摸的每件物品；要像明天就會(huì)喪失嗅覺和味覺一樣，去聞鮮花的芬香，品嘗美味佳肴。但是，在所有的感覺中，我相信，視覺一定是最令人愉快的。(Excerptsfrom“ThreeDaystoSee”byHelenKeller)(節(jié)選自海倫·凱勒的《假如給我三天光明》)Unit3Faster,higher,strongerUnderstandingideasTHEROADTOSUCCESS成功之路1NearthesmalltownofGrottoes,Virginia,anarrowdirtroadgoesfromthehouseofStephenCurry’sgrandfathertothewoodsnearby.AfarcryfromthebrightlightsandshinycourtsoftheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA),itwasalongthisroadthatStephen’sgrandfatherbuiltasimplebasketbyattachingapieceofplastictoatelephonepole.在弗吉尼亞州格羅托斯小鎮(zhèn)附近，一條狹窄的土路從斯蒂芬·庫里的祖父家延伸至附近的樹林。這與美國男子職業(yè)籃球聯(lián)賽(NBA)賽場(chǎng)上明亮的燈光和閃亮的球場(chǎng)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。正是在這條路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一塊塑料貼到電線桿上，建了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易籃筐。2Likehisfather,basketballstarDellCurry,Stephenspentmanychildhoodhoursplayingonthismuddybasketballcourt.Heprobablydidn’trealiseitatthetime,butitwaswherehelearnttobecreativeandflexibleasaplayer.Yousee,witheveryshot,theweakplasticbackboardgaveway.Thebumpsandrocksthatlinedtheroadunderthebasketcausedtheballtobounceinalldirections.Knowingwheretheballwouldgowasn’teasy.Hehadtoadjusthisownplayingstyleasaresult.Shootingwithgreataccuracywasanotherthinghelearnt.Onlyshotsperfectlyaimedatitscentrewentintotheheavy,thickbasket.Inthisway,practisingdayinanddayouthelpedStephensharpenhisskills.與父親戴爾·庫里這位籃球明星一樣，斯蒂芬在這個(gè)泥濘的籃球場(chǎng)上度過了許多童年時(shí)光。盡管當(dāng)時(shí)他可能并沒有意識(shí)到，但就是在這里，他學(xué)會(huì)了如何成為一名有創(chuàng)造力、能夠靈活變通的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。你看，每次投籃，不牢固的塑料籃板都搖搖欲墜?；@筐下的小路凹凸不平，布滿了石塊，籃球也因此彈向四面八方。能夠判斷出球反彈的方向并不容易，因此斯蒂芬必須調(diào)整自己的打球方式。他在這里學(xué)到的另一項(xiàng)技能是精準(zhǔn)的投籃技術(shù)。只有完美地瞄準(zhǔn)中心，籃球才能進(jìn)入厚重的籃筐。如此日復(fù)一日地練習(xí)，斯蒂芬的籃球技術(shù)變得爐火純青。3Despitehisfather’ssuccessfulcareer,Stephenwasthoughtbymanypeople,includinghishighschoolteammatesandcoaches,tobetooshort,toothinandtooweaktofollowinhisfather’sfootsteps.ButStephencarriedon.Playingbasketballwashisdream.Hewouldnotgiveup.Hefinallyendedupplayingcollegeballatasmall,little-knownschool,DavidsonCollege,nottoofarfromwherehelived.HiscreativityandperseverancemadehimDavidson’sstarplayer.盡管父親的職業(yè)生涯很成功，但是很多人，包括斯蒂芬的高中隊(duì)友和教練，都認(rèn)為他太矮太瘦弱，無法延續(xù)他父親的榮耀。但斯蒂芬還是堅(jiān)持了下來。打籃球是他的夢(mèng)想，他絕不會(huì)放棄。終于，斯蒂芬在規(guī)模不大且鮮為人知的戴維森學(xué)院成為了一名大學(xué)籃球賽的球員，這所學(xué)院離他家不算遠(yuǎn)。斯蒂芬憑借自己的創(chuàng)造性和毅力成為了戴維森學(xué)院的明星球員。4SelectedfortheNBAin2009,StephenjoinedtheGoldenStateWarriors.Heperformedbeyondeveryone’sexpectationswithhisaccurateshootingandcontinuousefforts.In2015,StephenwonhisfirstNBAchampionship,andheledtheWarriorstotheirfirstchampionshipsince1975.2009年，斯蒂芬入選NBA，加入了金州勇士隊(duì)。憑借精準(zhǔn)的投籃和不懈的努力，他的表現(xiàn)令人刮目相看。2015年，斯蒂芬贏得了他的第一個(gè)NBA總冠軍，這也是他帶領(lǐng)勇士隊(duì)獲得的自1975年以來的第一個(gè)冠軍。5AfterreceivingtheMostValuablePlayerawardfortwoyearsinrow,Stephenexplainedhisphilosophy,“Ineverreallysetouttochangethegame...WhatIwantedtodowasjustbemyself...Iknowitinspiresalotofthenextgeneration,alotofpeoplewholovethegameofbasketballtovaluetheskillofit,valuethefactthatyoucanworkeverysingledaytogetbetter.You’vegottobeabletoputinthetimeandthework.That’showIgothere.That’showIcontinueCurryislivingproofthatwhatotherpeoplethinkofyoudoesnothavetoinfluencewhatyoubecome.Throughself-belief,hardwork,perseveranceandsomehelpfromanoldhoop,hehasshownthatanythingispossible.在連續(xù)兩年獲得“最有價(jià)值球員”獎(jiǎng)后，斯蒂芬闡釋了他的人生觀：“我從未真正想過改變比賽……我只想做我自己……我知道這激勵(lì)著很多后輩、很多熱愛籃球比賽的人，讓他們認(rèn)識(shí)到技術(shù)的重要性，認(rèn)識(shí)到你可以通過每天的不斷努力而變得更好。你必須肯花時(shí)間和精力。這是我走到今天的方法，也是我每一天都能更進(jìn)一步的原因。”斯蒂芬·庫里激勵(lì)著所有人去相信自己，他也生動(dòng)地證明了別人對(duì)你的看法并不一定會(huì)影響你成為什么人。通過自信、勤奮、毅力，以及一只舊籃筐的幫助，他向人們證明了一切皆有可能Unit3Faster,higher,strongerDevelopingideasTheReturnoftheChampions冠軍歸來1“TheatmospherehereatRiodeJaneiroiselectric!IfChinawinsthispoint,theywillwalkoutofthestadiumwithanOlympicgoldmedal.ZhangChangningserves.Overthenet,Popovicdivesfortheball.Sheonlyjustreachesit...andit’ssentstraightbacktoherbytheChinesespikerHuiRuoqi.Popoviccan’tgettheballbackthistime...andthat’sit!It’sover!It’sgoldforChina!Lookhowthecrowdhasgonewild.YoucanseethejoyandprideonthefacesoftheChinesefans.AndthereweseetheChineseplayersembracing,withtearsofhappinessintheireyes...It’sadreamcometrueforChina!TheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamisOlympicchampiononceagain!”“這里是里約熱內(nèi)盧，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)氣氛緊張而熱烈！如果中國隊(duì)拿下這一分，她們將贏得這枚奧運(yùn)金牌。張常寧發(fā)球。球過網(wǎng)，波波維奇倒地接球，險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)救起……中國隊(duì)主攻惠若琪將球扣回，波波維奇這次沒能接住……得分！比賽結(jié)束！中國隊(duì)獲得了金牌！看，觀眾沸騰了，中國球迷的臉上洋溢著喜悅和驕傲。我們看到中國隊(duì)的隊(duì)員們眼含幸福的熱淚，相擁在一起……中國人實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢(mèng)想！中國女排重回奧運(yùn)之巔！”2TheChinesewomen’svolleyballteamholdsaveryspecialplaceinthenation’sheart.Inthe1980s,theteamburstontotheinternationalvolleyballscenewithseveralmajorworldtitles,andanamazingthree-setvictoryovertheUnitedStatesinthefinalofthe1984LosAngelesOlympics.Theybecamenationalheroesovernight.TherewasgoldoncemoreatAthensin2004.ButwinninggoldinRiopaintsthemostvividportraitoftheteam’scompetitivespirit.中國女排在中國人心中的地位非比尋常。20世紀(jì)80年代，中國女排贏得了隊(duì)，在國際排壇大放異彩。一夜之間，中國女排成為國民英雄。到了2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)，女將們?cè)僖淮螖孬@金牌。但是，對(duì)于女排的拼搏精神最生動(dòng)的寫照，卻是這次在里約的奪冠之路。3InRio,theChinesewomen’svolleyballteamneededallofitsfightingspiritafteritwasassignedtothe“groupofdeath”,whereitfacedseveralstrongopponentsinthegroupstagematches.Despitereachingthequarter-finalsasthefourthteaminthegroup,withjusttwowinsinpreliminarymatches,theywerenotgoingtogiveup.Everysinglememberoftheteamgavetheiralltothefight,includingHuiRuoqiwhohadhadheartsurgerylessthanfivemonthspreviously.在里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，中國女排被分配到了“死亡之組”，因此她們必須拼盡全力，對(duì)抗小組賽中遇到的強(qiáng)大對(duì)手。雖然預(yù)賽中僅贏了兩場(chǎng)，到四分之一決賽時(shí)還是小組第四，但她們從未想過放棄。每一個(gè)隊(duì)員都全力以赴投入比賽，包括賽前不到五個(gè)月剛做完心臟手術(shù)的惠若琪。4TheirperseverancepaidoffwithanepiccomebackagainstthedefendingchampionBrazilinthequarter-finals.Next,theChineseteamdefeatedtheNetherlandsinthesemi-finalmatches,havinglosttotheminthepreliminaries.Atlast,showingastrongwillandthesteeliestnerves,theyplayedaclosematchagainstSerbiatoseizegoldinthefinal.在四分之一決賽對(duì)抗衛(wèi)冕冠軍巴西隊(duì)時(shí)，中國隊(duì)的頑強(qiáng)毅力得到了回報(bào)，她們驚人地贏得了東山再起的機(jī)會(huì)。接著，中國隊(duì)在半決賽中戰(zhàn)勝了在預(yù)賽中曾惜敗過的荷蘭隊(duì)。決賽時(shí)，雖然與塞爾維亞隊(duì)比分膠著，但憑借著強(qiáng)大的決心和鋼鐵般的意志力，中國隊(duì)最終勇奪桂冠。5Butfightingspiritalonewasnotenoughtoguaranteevictory.Strongteamspiritalsocontributedgreatlytotheirsuccess.Cooperationbetweenteammembersisessential.Ifeachindividualdoesherjobandworkswellwithothers,thentheendgoalcanbeachieved.Infact,strongteamspiritismoreimportantthantheskillsofindividualplayers.ZhuTing,namedMostValuablePlayerattheRioOlympics,alsoidentifiedthisasthespecialingredientintheteam’ssuccess:“TeamworkisthekeytoChina’svictory.Thankstomyteammates’hardefforts,Ihadtheopportunitytoshowmyspikingskill.”但是僅憑拼搏精神遠(yuǎn)不足以鎖定勝局。強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神也是中國女排成功的一大因素。團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間的合作至關(guān)重要。只有每一名隊(duì)員都能完成各自的任務(wù)，并與隊(duì)友合作無間，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)最終目標(biāo)。其實(shí)，強(qiáng)大的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神比隊(duì)員的個(gè)人能力更重要。里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)“最有價(jià)值球員”獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)得主朱婷，也認(rèn)為這是團(tuán)隊(duì)獲勝的訣竅：“團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是中國隊(duì)獲勝的關(guān)鍵。多虧了隊(duì)友們的努力拼搏，才給了我展現(xiàn)扣球技術(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)。”6Together,theChinesewomen’svolleyballteamhasfoughttheirwaythroughupsanddowns.Ledbywell-knownChinesevolleyballplayerandcoachLangPing,theyhavecontinuedtoaimhigh.Langisonlytooawarethatassoonasnewchallengesahead.Inthisway,theteambeginsitsjourneytothenextOlympics.在這條曲折起伏的道路上，中國女排共同奮力前行。在知名的前中國女排運(yùn)動(dòng)員和現(xiàn)任中國女排總教練郎平的帶領(lǐng)下，隊(duì)員們不斷力爭(zhēng)上游。郎平很清楚，只要走下了領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)，她們這支隊(duì)伍就得重新出發(fā)，嚴(yán)陣以待，迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)。中國女排的下一段奧運(yùn)旅程就這樣開始了。Unit4MeetingthemuseUnderstandingideasWhatinspiresyou?你的靈感從哪兒來？Everyartist’swishistocreatesomethingthatexpressesanidea.Butwheredoartistsgettheirideasfrom?Whoorwhatinspiresthem?Herewefindoutmoreabouttheinfluencesbehindthesuccessesofthreeverydifferentartists.每位藝術(shù)家都希望創(chuàng)作出能表達(dá)自己理念的作品。但藝術(shù)家們的這些理念從何而來？是誰，抑或是什么啟發(fā)了他們？下面，我們進(jìn)一步發(fā)掘了三位截然不同的藝術(shù)家成功背后的因素。FlorentijnHofman,visualartist弗洛倫泰因·霍夫曼，視覺藝術(shù)家1FlorentijnHofmanisaDutchartist,whoselargesculpturesareondisplayallovertheworld.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren’stoys.Theseobjectshavegivenhimideasforhisanimalsculptures,suchasthefamousRubberDuck.AmorerecentworkofhisisthehugeFloatingFish,whichwassetamongthebeautifullandscapeofWuzhenWestScenicZone.弗洛倫泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷蘭藝術(shù)家，他創(chuàng)作的大型雕塑在世界各地進(jìn)行展出。他的孩子們的玩具是他的一個(gè)靈感來源?；舴蚵鼜倪@些玩具身上得到啟發(fā)，從而創(chuàng)作出動(dòng)物形狀的雕塑，比如著名的“大黃鴨”。他最近的新作是一條巨大的“浮魚”，位于風(fēng)景宜人的烏鎮(zhèn)西柵景區(qū)內(nèi)。2Hofman’sinspirationforFloatingFishcamefromChinesefolktalespasseddownthroughthegenerations.Hewasparticularlyinterestedintheoldstoryaboutafishjumpingthroughthe“DragonGate”.ThisstorycametolifeforHofmanwhenhevisitedWuzhenandsawhowpeoplelivedthere.霍夫曼表示，“浮魚”的靈感源自世代相傳的中國民間故事。他對(duì)“鯉魚躍龍門”的古老故事尤其感興趣。當(dāng)他游覽烏鎮(zhèn)，看到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳顣r(shí)，這個(gè)故事立馬生動(dòng)地浮現(xiàn)于他的腦海中。3“Duringthewalkandmystayhereinthetown,IsawthefishbeingfedbyideaforFloatingFishinmotion.“我住在鎮(zhèn)上期間，當(dāng)我散步的時(shí)候，看到人們?cè)谖刽~。墻上還有魚形的浮雕?！边@些畫面讓霍夫曼漸漸浮現(xiàn)創(chuàng)作“浮魚”的念頭。TanDun,composer譚盾，作曲家4“Thereisnoterritoryintheworldofmusic.”ThesearethewordsofChinesecomposerTanDun.HeismostwidelyknownforcomposingmusicforthefilmCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonandthe2008BeijingOlympics.“音樂的世界沒有邊界?！敝袊髑易T盾如是說。這位著名的作曲家曾為電影《臥虎藏龍》配樂，并為2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)創(chuàng)作音樂。5TolistentoTan’smusicistoexperienceamixofChinesemusicaltraditionsandWesterninfluences.Sincehisfirstopera,NineSongs,TanDunhasbeenusingacombinationofChinesemusicandsoundsfromallovertheworldtotellstories.AsTanoncesaid,Chinesemusicshouldcarry“universalexpression”ofthehumanspiritsoastoberecognisedbythewholeworld.欣賞譚盾的音樂，就是在感受中國音樂傳統(tǒng)和西方影響的交融。從他的第一部歌劇《九歌》開始，譚盾一直在用中國音樂和來自世界各地的樂音講述故事。他曾說過，中國音樂要承載人文精神的“共同理念”，才能被世界認(rèn)可。YangLiping,dancer楊麗萍，舞蹈家6YangLiping’spassionisdancing.Afterwinninganationalcompetitionin1986withherSpiritofthePeacockdance,shehasbeenknownasthe“PeacockPrincess”.TheinspirationforherfamousdanceshascomefromthetimeshespentinXishuangbanna,YunnanProvince.楊麗萍熱愛舞蹈。1986年，她憑借《雀之靈》在全國舞蹈大賽上折桂。此后，她成為了家喻戶曉的“孔雀公主”。她許多著名舞蹈作品的靈感都來源于她在云南西雙版納度過的一段時(shí)光。7“IfeelverygratefulfortheyearsinXishuangbanna,”saysYang.“Itgavemeachancetogodeeperintothelivesofvariousethnicgroups...Ourethnicgroups,especiallytheDaipeople,admirethepeacock.Theythinkthepeacockrepresentsthebeautyofnature.IespeciallylikethedancestyleoftheDaipeopleanditgivesmelotsofinspiration.MydancecomesfromtheirtraditionalbeliefandaimstobringouttheDaiwomen’sbeauty.”楊麗萍說：“我很感激在西雙版納的那些年，它讓我有機(jī)會(huì)深入到各個(gè)民族的生活里面……我們的少數(shù)民族，特別是傣族人民，特別喜愛孔雀。他們認(rèn)為孔雀展現(xiàn)了自然之美。我特別喜歡傣族人的舞蹈風(fēng)格，這給了我很多靈感。我的舞蹈源自他們的傳統(tǒng)信仰，同時(shí)也致力于展現(xiàn)傣族女性的美。”Unit4MeetingthemuseDevelopingideasART&TECHNOLOGY藝術(shù)與科技1Think“art”.Whatcomestoyourmind?IsitGreekorRomansculpturesintheLouvre,orChinesepaintingsinthePalaceMuseum?Ormaybe,justmaybe,it’sadancingpatternoflights?說到“藝術(shù)”，你想到了什么？是盧浮宮里希臘或羅馬的雕塑？抑或是故宮博物院里中國的名畫？又也許，僅僅是也許，是一片舞動(dòng)的光影？2TheartworksbyAmericanartistJanetEchelmanlooklikecolourfulfloatingcloudswhentheyarelitupatnight.VisitorstooneofherartworksinVancouvercouldnotonlyenjoylookingatit,theycouldalsointeractwithit—literally.Theydidthisbyusingtheirphonestochangeitscoloursandpatterns.Exhibitssuchasthesearecertainlynewandexciting,butaretheyreallyart?美國藝術(shù)家珍妮特·艾克曼創(chuàng)作了一系列藝術(shù)品，晚上將其點(diǎn)亮?xí)r，它們就像七彩浮云。其中在溫哥華展出的那一件，人們不僅可以欣賞，甚至可以與之互動(dòng)。人們可以通過操作自己的手機(jī)改變它的顏色和圖案。像這樣的展覽品無疑是新潮的激動(dòng)人心之作，但它們真的可以算是藝術(shù)嗎？3Whateveryouropinion,peopl