Unit3FoodandCultureLesson4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresIearningobjectsBytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto…1discoverandgrasptheformandrulesofpastperfecttenseandpastperfectpassivevoice;learnaboutthefunctionthroughpractice;talkaboutsomethingusingpastperfecttenseanditspassivevoice.ObservesentencesLookatthetwopairsofsentencesandpayattentiontothemeaningandtheformofverbsinthesentences.這位主廚在他的新烹飪書出版之前，就已經(jīng)創(chuàng)辦了一家從農(nóng)場到餐桌的餐館。等到Sam加入他們的時候，他們已經(jīng)吃完晚餐了。Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.Afarm-to-tablerestauranthadbeensetupbythechefbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Theirdinnerhadbeenfinished

bythetimeSamjoinedthem.activepassive“施動者已經(jīng)做了……”“受動者已經(jīng)被……了”ComparethemeaningthePastperfect

tense

過去完成時①定義②基本結(jié)構(gòu)③基本用法④常用固定句型Pastperfecttenseisusedtotellanactivitydonebeforesomethinginthepast.Soitisusedinabackgroundofpast.1.Whatispastperfecttense?過去完成時表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或一直延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)?！斑^去的過去”通常有一般過去時作為參照HongKonghadreturnedtoChinabeforeMacaocameback.presentpastpastperfect定義過去完成時主要用來表示在過去某一時間之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者完成了的動作，即“過去的過去”，通常有一般過去時作為參照。定義presentpastarriveatthestation(7:10)thetrainleave(7:00)WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站的時候，火車已經(jīng)離開了?？隙ㄊ綖開_________________；否定式為__________________；被動式為__________________。①She

said

she___________to

Paris.

②Ididn’tknowthewaytoJohn’shousebecauseI_________therebefore.③Thework________________byusbeforelastFriday.

haddonehadnotdonehadbeendone基本結(jié)構(gòu)had

beenhadn’tbeenhadbeenfinished基本用法1.表示“從過去的某一時刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)”。當(dāng)公共汽車最終到來時,她們已經(jīng)在車站等了20分鐘。Theyhadwaitedatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.2.表示“在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作或狀態(tài)”,即“過去的過去”,可以用by,before等介詞(短語)或一個時間狀語從句來表示。Bythetimethepolicemanarrived,thethiefhadrunaway.3.先敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,在此之后追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時,常使用過去完成時。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。MrSmithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.4.過去完成時還常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。Hesaidhehadstayedathomefor3days.

他說他在家里已經(jīng)呆了三天了。5.動詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時來表示“過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖”等。Shehadintendedtogetupearly.

她本打算早點起床的。他本希望能取得較大進步的。Hehadhopedtomakegreaterprogress.

Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.WehadlearnedovertwothousandsEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.過去的過去6.過去完成時時間狀語有哪些？1.by+過去的時間點Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.2.bytheendof+過去的時間點WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.3.before+過去的時間點TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.…

…過去完成時時間狀語有哪些？MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshehadpainted.Ibegantheworkafterhehadgone.1.在主從復(fù)合句中，主句為

，從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，用

。7：隱形的過去完成時過去時過去完成時(1)It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時。那是我第一次參觀長城。Itwasthefirsttimethat

IhadvisitedtheGreatWall.Itwasthefirsttimethatwe__________(see)afilmtogether.Itwasthemostinterestingmoviethatwe_____________(watch).hadseenhadwatched8.用于一些固定句型：(2)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和Nosooner…than…中，主句常用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時，表示“一……就……”。①他剛進入他的辦公室,電話鈴就響了。

Hardlyhad

hegotintohisofficewhen

thetelephonerang.

②

他剛到就被要求離開。Nosooner

hadhearrivedthanhewasaskedtoleave.

1Carol:___________youever________anyScottishfoodbeforeyourtriptoStAndrewslastyear?Paul:No,notreally.ButI_____________abouthaggismanytimesbeforewewentthere.Carol:Oh...Didyoutryit?Paul:Oh,yes!Youknowwhat?We__________lateforsupperthatday,andsowejustatewhateverwasleftintheuniversitycanteen.We__________ourmealbeforewelearntwe__________just__________,haggis!Carol:Mygoodness!Paul:Well,itwasnotbad.Ihavetosay..2Carol:WhenIgottotheteahouseyesterday,Ifoundnobodythere.__________it________________?Paul:Oh,I'msomythatforgottotellyou!Theget-togetherwascancelledyesterdaymorningbecauseSally,thehostess,__________intoacaraccident.Carol:Oh,I'msorrytohearthat.HopeSallyrecoverssoon!arrivecanceleatfinishgettastetellhadt