行知中學(xué)2020學(xué)年第一學(xué)期

高一年級(jí)英語期末試卷

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：140分）

I.ListeningComprehension(259)

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Atabookstore.B.Atalibrary.C.Atanartgallery.D.Atatravelagency.

2.A.ThemanisallowedtopayhisregistrationfeesuntilFriday.

B.IfthemanpaysonFriday,hewillpayalatefee.

C.Themanwillnotbefinedfornotpayingonlime.

D.ThemanisallowedtopayafterFridayforgoodreasons.

3.A.Shereaditfromcovertocover.B.Shereaditselectively.

C.Shereaditchapterbychapter.D.Shefinishedreadingitovernight.

4.A.Shefeltverysorry.B.Shefeltabitannoyed.

C.Shefeltshocked.D.Shefeltveryexcited.

5.A.Thefurnishedapartmentwasinexpensive.

B.Themanboughtafurnishedapartment.

C.ThefurnitureatthemarketisonsaleeverySunday.

D.Thesecondhandfurnitureheboughtwasverycheap.

6.A.Hefeelsguilty.B.Hefeelsshameful.

C.Heisshameless.D.Heissensitivetooutsidecriticism.

7.A.Hewasinhospitalforalongtime.

B.Hewasslightlyinjuredinatrafficaccident.

C.Hewasseriouslyinjuredinamineexplosion.

D.Hewasseverelyfinedforspeeding.

8.A.Tonywentskiingyesterday.B.Tonydidn'thavemuchworktodo.

C.Tonydoesn'tlikewatchingsports.D.Tonylikeswatchingsportsbetter.

9.A.Theyneedmorepeopletohelpthem.B.Theyneedsomefinancialsupport.

C.Shehastoleavesoon.D.Theideaisimpractical.

10.A.Janewasluckyenoughnottobecaughtintherain.

B.Janewascaughtintherainbecauseshewalkedhome.

C.Janehadtowalkbackhomeinspiteoftheheavyrain.

D.ItwasraininghardwhenJanecamebackonfoot.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralpassagesandlongerconversations,aftereachpassageor

conversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperand

decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Stayingongumtreesalldaylong.B.Havingadailydietofgumleaves.

C.Lookingforfoodinanextensivearea.D.Storingitsleafydietinalargetube.

12.A.Becauseitlivesonlyinwetland.B.Becauseitsbodygetsslightlywet.

C.Becauseitsucksitsmother'smilk.D.Becauseitrarelydrinkswater.

13.A.Itleavesitsmotherhalfayearafterbirth.

B.Ithasbeencarriedonitsmother\backsinceitsbirth.

C.Itistendedinitsmother'spouch(育兒袋)andthencarriedonherback.

D.Itstaysinitsmother'spouchforayearafterbirth.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Sellitatalocalshop.B.Refusethemarriagegift.

C.Justkeepitforlateruse.D.Exchangeitforsomethinguseful.

15.A.Becausehehopestohaveasmanyasthreechildren.

B.Becausehehastomakeafortuneforhiswife'sfamily.

C.Becausehehasnoothergiftstoexchangeatmarriage.

D.Becauseitisanecessarypartatamarriageceremony.

16.A.Whattheimportanceofbrideserviceis.

B.Howmarriagecustomsvaryindifferentcultures.

C.WhataweddingceremonyislikeintheUSA.

D.Howweexpressgoodwishestonewcouples.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Frenchfoodwasthehealthiestfoodintheworld.

B.Frenchfoodwassupposedtobethebestintheworld.

C.FrenchfoodwasnobetterthanBritishfood.

D.Frenchfoodwasdelicious.

18.A.Bycar.B.Bycoach.C.Bytrain.D.Byship.

19.A.Uncookedbaconandeggs.B.Fishandchips.

C.AbigFrenchbreakfast.D.DeliciousEnglishbreakfast.

20.A.Theman'sparentsarebothteachers.B.ThemanisfromBritain.

C.ThemanhasbeentoFrancemanytimes.D.ThemanlikesFrenchfoodverymuch.

ILGrammarandVocabulary(20')

SectionA

Whatishealthywhenitcomestofood?Thatisaquestionmanypeoplestruggletoansweronadailybasis.

Howmuchsugar,fatandsaltourbodiesneedhasbeenthetopicofdebatefor,well,prettymuchforever.And

constantlyshiftingnutritionalguidancesarenotmakingthingsanyeasiertounderstand.

Caloriesare,ofcourse,(21)(big)factorinhowmuchweightapersonlosesorgains.However,

howwegetthosecaloriescanvarygreatlyfrompersontoperson.Now,anewstudysuggeststhat

(22)(eat)“ultra-processed“foods(超加工食品)maybecontributingtoovereating.

ThestudywaspublishedinCellMetabolism.Itfocusedontheeatinghabitsofagroupofvolunteerswho

agreed(23)(follow)specificeatingguidancesfortwoweeks.Thesubjectsselectedforthestudywere

considered“weight-stable."Thatmeanstheyhadbeenmaintainingtheirweightwithoutanydramaticchange.

They(24)(divide)intotwogroupsrandomly:Oneofthemwasgivenadietofunprocessedfoods;the

otherwasgivenadietofultra-processedfoods.

Thesubjectswerepresentedwiththreedailymeals.Themealsweredesignedtobewellmatchedacrossthe

twodietswhenitcametonutrientintake,butdifferedwidely(25)thepercentageofcalorieseach

grouptookinaccordingto(26)theywereconsumingultra-processedorunprocessedfoods.Withno

limitations(27)(place)ontheintakeofcalories,thesubjectsateasmuchastheywantedinanhour.

Thoseintheultra-processeddietgroupweregivencalorie-richfoods,(28)theothergroupconsumed

foodsthatcontainedfewercalories.

Attheendofthetestperiod,thedifferencewasdramatic.Onaverage,those(29)weregiventhe

ultra-processeddietateover500morecaloriespermeal,andgainedanaverageoftwopoundsduringthe

two-weekexperiment.Bycomparison,theunprocessedfoodgroup(30)(lose)aboutthesame

amount.Sothinktwicethenexttimeyouhavethechoicebetweenasolidsaladandabagofchips.

SectionB

A.accidentallyB.highlightC.necessarilyD.nestingE.liesF.counted

G.placingH.healthyI.spottedJ.stickK.transplanted

IfeellikeIamplantingabeachsidegarden.

Thewhiteorbs(球體)thesizeofping-pongballsthatIam31inthesandarenotflowerbulbs,

though.Theyareseaturtleeggslaidjustafewhoursago.

“You'reholdingtheeggsofoneoftherarestreptiles(爬行動(dòng)物)onEarth,“saysJeffGeorge,executive

directorofSeaTurtleInc.,anon-profitorganizationonSouthPadreIsland,Texas.Theyrescueinjuredseaturtles

andworktoprotecttheendangeredcreatures.

Kemp'sridleyseaturtleslaytheireggsherebetweenAprilandAugust,andteamsfromSeaTurtleInc.set

outonfoottolookfor32mothers.They33onethismorning,andwhensheheadedbackout

tothesea,theydugupher98eggsandloadedthemgentlyintoaspecialchest.AtSeaTurtleInc.headquarters,

theeggsare34andrecorded.

Now,wehaveburiedtheminsideaprotectedareaonthebeach,whereeggsfrom30otherturtlenestshave

beencarefully____35awayfromthesharpteethoftheisland'sresidentbadgers(罐)andcoyotes(草原才良).

Savingseaturtles,however,isjustone36ofoureco-themedtriptoSouthPadreIsland.Atthe

southerntipoftheisland____37thehumbleCoastalStudiesLaboratory,partoftheUniversityofTexas.

There,Ipeeredintoabankofaquariumsholdingnativefishandinvertebrates(無脊椎動(dòng)物),andinspecteda

hugewhaleskull(頭骨).Researchersatthelaboratorytrackandstudyendangeredspeciesontheisland.They

alsoeducatethepublicaboutkeepingbeaches38.

BreakawayCruises,inthemeantime,allowsvisitorstoSouthPadreIslandtoseeallkindsofseacreaturesup

closeandtakepicturesofthem.Duringourtrip,wesawlotsofdolphinsandtheycamesoclosetousthatafriend

ofmine39droppedhercellphoneoverboard.AccordingtoWilliamZavala,asailor,about200dolphins

callSouthPadreIslandhome."We'vegotaveryhealthyecosystem,hesaid."That'swhythedolphins

40around.,,

Ifyouareexpectingatripthat'smoreaboutnatureandconservationthanbeachesandballgames,South

PadreIslandisreallyagoodchoiceforyou!

III.ReadingComprehension(45')

SectionA

Manypeoplegrowuphearingtheadvicethatallyouneedtodoinlifeisto“findyourpassion^^.The

implicationisthatifyou“dowhatyoulove."41—andprobablyhappinessandmoney—would

automaticallyfollow.PeoplelikeApple'sSteveJobsandFacebook'sMarkZuckerbergwerelongheldupas

42ofthistrend.43,nomatterwhatagegroupyouarein,oreducationlevelyouhavereached,this

idealized（理想化的）viewoftheworkingworldisthemodern-dayequivalentoftheemperor'snewclothesmyth.

Whenyou44the“dowhatyoulove“adviceforyourcareer,youimmediatelynarrowyour

visionofwhatacareercanbe.Indoingthis,youthus45yourabilitytobesatisfiedbyyourcareers.You

getthewrongideathat46youaredoingthejobthatyou"love,“youarenotdoingtherightjob.There,sa

bigchancethatyouwillmissoutonsomeofthe47potentialcareerdecisionsavailabletoyou.What'smore,

youmightbe48yourtimechasingafterabachelor'sdegree（學(xué)士學(xué)位）onlytotakeajobwhereyour

degreeisallbutuseless.

Mostpeopledon'tgrowup49tocleanupafterothersortoworkinalow-end（低端的）retailor

fastfoodjob.Therealityis:weneedbusdrivers,cooksanddoormen（門衛(wèi)）50weneedengineers,web

developersanddatascientists.Eventhough51maybetakingsomejobsaway,thereisalargenumberof

jobsthatarenotgoinganywhere—andwe52themeveryday.

Soit'simportanttostopputtingtoomuch53onyourselfto“dowhatyoulove.^^Startwith

focusingonwhat54youhave,whatyoucanlearn,andhowyoucantranslatethemintoaworthwhile

jobwithupwardmobility（社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的向上流動(dòng)性）.Yourloveforwhatyoudowillcomewiththe

55ofajobwelldone.

41.A.successB.fortuneC.popularityD.advice

42.A.evidenceB.standardC.examplesD.results

43.A.likewiseB.HoweverC.StrangelyD.Therefore

44.A.sticktoB.breakdownC.giveupD.thinkabout

45.A.limitB.improveC.affectD.damage

46.A.ifB.unlessC.sinceD.although

47.A.simplestB.wisestC.commonestD.safest

48.A.spendingBenjoyingC.wastingD.planning

49.A.competingB.refusingC.needingD.wanting

50.A.morethanB.eventhoughC.asmuchasD.nomatterhow

51.A.foreignersB.machinesC.competitorsD.markets

52.A.joininB.dealwithC.livewithD.dependupon

53.A.importanceB.blameC.pressureD.responsibility

54.A.ideasB.skillsC.risksD.goals

55.A.satisfactionB.dutyC.expectationD.promise

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinfornuitiongiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

IcouldbeavictimandfeelsorryformyselforIcouldfindthecouragetopersevereinthefaceofadversity

（逆境）,andsucceed.Thankfully,Ichosethelatter.

AdoctortoldmeatayoungagethatIwouldprobablynevergraduatefromhighschoolduetomysevere

hearinglossandmyextremelyslowspeechandlanguagedevelopment.Ifoundthecouragetoworkhardin

schoolandbeactiveinsportsandotheractivitiesdespitewearinghearingaidsandlivingwitha70%hearingloss.

BythetimeIwascollege-age,Istartedlosingmynightvision.Idecidedtogoawaytocollege300miles

fromhome.Iearnedmybachelor'sdegreeandgraduatedwithhonors.EventhoughIhadseverehearinglossand

wasbeginningtolosemysightatnight,Ifoundthecouragetobeginaprofessionalcareer.

AfterearningmyMBAdegree,IacceptedapositionwithKelloggintheCorporateAffairsDepartment.

WhenIwasworkingonmyMBAdegree,Ifoundthecouragetoasksomeonewhowassuccessfuldespitefacing

similarchallengestoguideme.HeencouragedmetoconsiderKelloggasheknewthecompanywascommittedto

diversity（多樣性）andinclusion（包容）.Inervouslystartedmynewcareer,becausemyvisionlosshadprogressed

significantlyinthepastfewyears.Iamthankfultohaveamentor（指導(dǎo)者）thatencouragedmeandIamthankfulI

foundthecouragetoapplyforapositionwithKellogg.

WhileKellogghasasupportive,encouragingenvironment,itstilltakescourageformetomakesurethatI

amsuccessfulinmycareer.Ineedcouragetospeakupandaskforreasonableaccommodationstodomyjob.I

needcouragetoeducateothersonmydisabilitiesandletthemknowhowtheycanhelpmebysimplyspeakinga

littlelouderandenlargingtheirpresentationsothatIcanseeitbetter.Ialsohavetoaskforhelpnavigating（航

行）throughunfamiliarareas.IhavefoundthateveryoneatKelloggisalwaysmorethanwillingtomeetmy

requests.

EventhoughIfacedailychallenges,Ihavesomuchtobegratefulfor.Weoftenfacedifficultieswecannot

control,butwecanbecourageousinordertofaceadversityandacceptchallenges.

56.Whentheauthorwasinhighschool,she.

A.wasverytalkative

B.wasinvolvedinsportsactively

C.sufferedaseveremedicalerror

D.droppedoutonceforherhearingloss

57.WhatinspiredtheauthortoapplyforajobinKellogg?

A.Heraggressivepersonality.

B.Someone'sencouragement.

C.Herinterestinachallengingjob.

D.Thecompany'ssupportforthedisabled.

58.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Shepickedupmanyskillsinthisjob.

B.Shehasmetwithalotofmisunderstandings.

C.Sheachievedgreatsuccessduringhercareer.

D.Shehastogainalotofsupportforhercareer.

59.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?

A.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.

B.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.

D.Havingcouragecanfightbadluck.

（B）

Britainisapopulartouristdestination.However,toursofthecountryhaveitsprosandcons.

?Goodnews

Freemuseums.Nochargeforoutstandingcollectionsofartandantiquities.

Popmusic.BritainistheonlycountrytomatchtheUnitedStatesonthisscore.

Blackcabs.Londontaxidriversknowwheretheyaregoingevenifthereareneverenoughofthemon

weekendsoratnighttime.

Choiceoffood.VisitorscanfindeverycuisinefromEthiopiantoSwedish.

Fashion.NotonlydofashionfollowersdeeplyloveandhighlyrespectbrandnamessuchasVivienne

Westwood,AlexanderMcQueen;streetstylesarejustlyadmired,too.

?Badnews

Poorservice."It'spartoftheimageoftheplace.Peoplecandineoutontherudenesstheyhaveexperienced,9,

claimsProfessorTonySeatonofLutonUniversity'sInternationalTourismResearchCenter;

Poorpublictransport.Trainsandbusesareguaranteedtodefeatthekeenesttourists,althoughthe

over-crowdedLondonTubeisunbelievablypopular.

Lackoflanguages.Speakingslowlyandclearlymaynotgetmanyforeignvisitorsveryfar,eveninthetourist

traps.

Rain.Stillthenumberonecomplaint.

Noair-conditioning.Sothatevensplendidlyhotsummersbecomeasunbearableasthedownpours.

Overpricedhotels.TheonlyEuropeancountrywithahighertaxrateonhotelroomsisDenmark.

Licensinghours.Alcoholisinshortsupplyafter11p.m.evenin"24-hour“cities.

60.Whatistourists?biggestcomplaintaboutLondon?

A.Weather.B.Poorservice.

C.Overpricedhotels.D.Poorpublictransport.

61.Whatcanwelearnaboutpopmusicfromthearticle?

A.ThepopmusicofBritainisbetterthanthatoftheUnitedStates.

B.ThepopmusicofBritainisasgoodasthatoftheUnitedStates.

C.ThepopmusicofBritainisnobetterthanthatoftheUnitedStates.

D.ThepopmusicofBritainisclosetothatoftheUnitedStatesinscores.

62.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.VisitorshavetopaytovisitthemuseumsofBritain.

B.ItisveryconvenientforvisitorstotravelbytaxiinBritain.

C.ThepublictransportserviceinBritainneedsimproving.

D.VisitorsdonothaveaccesstoauthenticChinesefoodinBritain.

（C）

TheMoonhasn'thaditeasyovertheyears.Sincethedawnofthesolarsystem4.5billionyearsago,itsgray

andlifelesssurfacehasbeenrepeatedlyhammeredbyincomingspacerocks,leavingbehindapockmarked

landscapedottedwithrubble.Beneaththissurface,however,hidetheMoon'smostinvitingsecretsfbrhuman

explorers,frompossiblereservoirs（儲(chǔ)備）oficeforproducingdrinkablewaterandrocketfueltohollowlava

tubes（熔巖洞）thatcouldbesuitablefbrcontainingfuturehabitats.Morefundamentally,bymappingtheMoon's

subsurfacewecanrevealtheotherwisehiddenstoryofthedevelopmentofoursolarsystem—asdemonstrated

bythenewfindingsfromaChineserover（巡視器）onthelittle-exploredfarsideofthelunarbody.

InapaperpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,acollaborationofChineseandEuropeanresearchers

describesthelatestresultsfromtheChang'e-4mission,runbytheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.

LaunchedinDecember2018andreachingtheMooninearlyJanuary2019,themissionbecamethefirsttoland

onthefarsideofthenaturalsatellite.t4Weseeaveryclearsequenceoflayers,saysElenaPettinelliofRomaTre

UniversityinItaly,oneofthepaper'sco-authors.

ItisnotcurrentlypossibletodefinitelydatethelayersunderChang'e-4soastobeabletoassignthemtothe

existenceofnearbycraters（火山坑）.Buttheydoprovidesomecluesaboutthelunarhistorythatcanstretchback

toaboutfourbillionyearsago.Pettinellinotesthatsmallerrocksinthelayerslikelycomefrommoredistant

craters,becausetheywouldhavebeenabletotravelfartheracrosstheMoon,whilethelargerrockshintatcloser

impacts.

WhiletheMoonwasthefocusoftheAmericanApolloandSovietLunarmissionsinthe1960sand1970s,

theymostlylackedtheground-penetrating-radar（透地雷達(dá)）capabilitiesoftheChang'e-4mission—andof

course,noneofthoseearliereffortsventuredtothesurfaceofthefarside.Assuch,China'slatestroverhas

providedsomeofourfirstglimpsesintotheupperreachesoftheMoon'ssubsurface.Othermissions—suchas

NASA'stwinGRAILspacecraft,whichorbitedtheMoonfrom2011to2012—havebeenabletopeermuch

deeperbeneaththesurfacebutonlyinalimitedway:Usinglunargravitydata,theyhaveprovidedrelativelylow-

resolution（低分辨率的）glimpsesoflargefeaturesatdepthsofhundredsofkilometers.

Theroveriscontinuingtomoveacrossthesurface,makingregularstopstotakemeasurementsandtouseits

instruments.Andasitdoesso,researchersarehopingthatitmightseethesubsurfacelayersofdebris（碎片）

changeinsize,revealingmoresubtledetailsoftheMoon'svast,violentandancientimpacthistory."We'reasking

fortherovertogotowardplaceswhereresearcherscansaythedebrisischanginginthickness,9,saysPettinelli.

"That'llbeimportant.^^

63.Accordingtothearticle,isNOTafascinatingmysterytohumanbeings.

A.thesubsurfaceoftheMoon

B.therockylandscapeoftheMoon

C.alargecollectionoficeontheMoon

D.thehollowspaceinlavatubesontheMoon

64.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph3probablymeans"?”

A.todefinethetypeofsomething

B.tocountthenumberofsomething

C.torecognizethesizeofsomething

D.tofindoutwhensomethingformed

65.Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?

A.TheChang'e-4missionisabletoprovidehigh-resolutionpicturesoftheMoon'scenter.

B.NASA'stwinGRAILspacecraftfailedtotakeclearenoughpicturesoftheMoon'ssurface.

C.TheChang'e-4missionisnottheonlymissionwhichhasbeenabletolookbeneaththeMoon'ssurface.

D.Theground-penetrating-radarplayedanimportantroleintheAmericanApolloandSovietLunarmissions.

66.What'sthemainideaofthearticle?

A.TheinternalcompositionoftheMoon.

B.ThegreatsignificanceofChina'sChang'e-4mission.

C.Theimportanceofdebrischangeindeterminingthelunarhistory.

D.ThecomparisonbetweenChinaandtheWesterncountriesintheirlunarmissions.

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegivenbelow.Eachsentencecan

beusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Hefoundthebacteriumhadasimilareffectonthemiceasananti-depressivedrugmight

B.Soilbacterianotonlybenefitpeoplebutalsobenefitanimals

C.Gardeningcanalsobeusedasawayoftreatingaddiction

D.It'snowondersomeofusturntogardeningasaformoftherapy

E.Alcoholcanmakepeoplebehavepeculiarlyanddangerouslyingardening

F.Someexpertsactuallybelievethatgettingoutsidetodigandplantthingsactsasa“natural

excitement”

TheGoodofGardening

Doyouhaveahobbythathelpsyourelaxandunwind?Forsomepeople,thereisnobetterwaytorelieve

pressurethanspendingtimeinthegarden.Thissmallprivateareaofgreenspacecanbetheirplaceofcalm.

67.AsurveyconductedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSociety,foundthat82%ofpeopleinthe

UKsaidthatgardeningmakesthemhappier.Italsofoundthat70%ofthem,giventhechoice,wouldpreferto

spendtheirworkingdayinthegardenwithjust9%optingforanoffice.

Forthosewithgreenfingers,thepleasureofgardeningcomesfromgettingoutinthefreshair,inallweathers

andcommuningwithnature-evenifthereareafewtoomanyworms!Itcanalsobeseenasasortof

digital-detox—timeawayfromtechnology.68.

DrChristopherLowry,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofColorado,injectedabacteriumcommonlyfound

insoilintomicetoseewhataffectionthiswouldhaveonthem.69.Whenwediginsoilwe

absorbthisbacteriumthroughourlungsorcutsinourskin,soDrLowryconcludedthatsincethemiceseemed

happierwhentreatedwithsoilbacteria,it'slikelywewouldbe,too.

70.There9sevidencethatrecoveringalcoholicswhohavebeengiventheopportunityto

plant,grow,andevenselltheirproduce,havemanagedtostoptheiraddictivehabits.ScotStephenson,for

example,gotdismissedfromschoolandstartedavocationalqualificationingardening.Hesays,“IgotmyNVQ

level2whichismyfirstqualificationandenjoyediteversince.^^

Whateverthereason,therearemanytherapeuticbenefitstogettingyourhandsdirty,doingsomephysicalhard

workandthenwatchingyourgardengrow.Doesthissoundlikeyourideaoffun?

IV.SummaryWriting（10'）

Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageand

howitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Youarereadingabookoropeninganenvelopewhen,allofasudden,thereisasharppainonyourfinger.

Youseealittlebitofbloodandrealizeyouhavejustgottenapapercut,butyouwonderwhythislittlecuthurts

somuch.

Dr.HayleyGoldbach,aresidentdermatologistatUCLAHealth,explainedthatpapercutsmayhurtso

muchbecauseofwheretheyoccur:primarilyononeofourfingers.4tWehavenerveendings（神經(jīng)末梢）allover

thebody,^^shesaid."Inplaceswherethereisrefinedmovementandsensation——likethelipsortipsofthefingers

—therearehighdensitiesofnerveendings.^^

Anotherreasonwhypapercutshurtsomuchisthatyouareusingyourhandsthroughouttheday,meaning

thatthewoundisconstantlygettingreopened.t4Youoftengetpapercutsonthepadorthetipsofthefingers,

differentfromwhereyouwouldgetaknifecut,“saidDr.Goldbach."It'shardnottouseyourhands,sothere's

constantpressureonthewoundwithoutachancefbrittoheal.^^

Thepaperitselfisanotherreasonwhythesesuperficialcutsleaveusinsomuchpain.Papermightlookand

seemsmoothbut,ifyoustudyitunderamicroscope,theedgeisactuallyjagged（鋸齒狀的）."Paperisquitesharp,

jagged——ithasabitofaserratededge,“saidDr.Goldbach.uItcutsyouprettyquicklybeforeyouhavethechance

torealizeit."This,inturn,leavesbehindacutthatisjaggedratherthansmooth.

Dr.Goldbachaddedthattherearementalandemotionalelementsthatcausepapercutstohurtmorethan

othercuts."There'sthepsychologicalclementofsurprise,whereithappenssoquicklythatyoudon'thavetimeto

withdrawyourhand,“shesaid.uWithsomeotherinjuries,youfeelpressuresoyouhavetimetoreact.^^

Shealsoaddedthatbecausewedon'texpecttohurtourselveswhileworkingwit