商品流通、人員流動(dòng)、觀念轉(zhuǎn)變、文化變遷埃拉·茲溫格爾1.Todayweareinthethroesofaworldwidereformationofcultures,atectonicshiftofhabitsanddreamscalled,inthecuriousvocabularyofsocialscientists,"globalization."It'saninexacttermforawildassortmentofchangesinpolitics,business,health,entertainment."Modernindustryhasestablishedtheworldmarket.Allold-establishednationalindustriesaredislodgedbynewindustrieswhoseproductsareconsumed,notonlyathome,butineveryquarteroftheglobe.Inplaceoftheoldwantswefindnewwants,requiringfortheirsatisfactiontheproductsofdistantlandsandclimes."KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelswrotethis150yearsagoinTheCommunistManifesto.Theirstatementnowdescribesanordinaryfactoflife.今天我們正經(jīng)歷著一種世界范圍文化巨變的陣痛，一種習(xí)俗與追求的結(jié)構(gòu)性變化,用社會(huì)學(xué)家奇特的詞匯來稱呼這種變化，就叫“全球化”。對(duì)于政治、商貿(mào)、保健及娛樂領(lǐng)域的巨大變化，這個(gè)詞并不貼切。“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)已建立了世界市場(chǎng)。已建立的所有舊的國民工業(yè)被其產(chǎn)品不僅在國內(nèi)而且在世界各地范圍內(nèi)銷售的新興工業(yè)所取代。人們用新的需求取代原有的需求，用外地的產(chǎn)品滿足自己的需求?！笨?馬克思和弗雷德里?！ざ鞲袼乖缭?50年前就在《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》中寫下了這些。他們那時(shí)的陳述描繪了現(xiàn)在生活中的普遍事實(shí)。2.Howpeoplefeelaboutthisdependsagreatdealonwheretheyliveandhowmuchmoneytheyhave.Yetglobalization,asonereportstated,"isareality,notachoice."Humanshavebeenweavingcommercialandculturalconnectionssincebeforethefirstcamelcaravanventuredafield.Inthe19thcenturythepostalservice,newspapers,transcontinentalrailroads,andgreatsteam-poweredshipswroughtfundamentalchanges.Telegraph,telephone,radio,andtelevisiontiedtighterandmoreintricateknotsbetweenindividualsandthewiderworld.Nowcomputers,theInternet,cellularphones,cableTV,andcheaperjettransportationhaveacceleratedandcomplicatedtheseconnections.對(duì)此人們有何感受很大程度上取決于他們的生活所在地和所擁有的金錢數(shù)。然而，正如某篇報(bào)道所述，全球化“是一種事實(shí)，而不是一種選擇”。早在第一批駱駝商隊(duì)冒險(xiǎn)出外經(jīng)商前至今，人們一直在編織著商貿(mào)和文化相互間的交往。在19世紀(jì)，郵政服務(wù)、報(bào)紙、橫跨大陸的鐵路及巨大的蒸汽輪船帶來了根本變化。電報(bào)、電話、收音機(jī)和電視把個(gè)人和外部世界更緊密地連在一起，這種聯(lián)系更為復(fù)雜、不那么直接也不易察覺?，F(xiàn)在，計(jì)算機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)電話、有線電視和相對(duì)便宜的噴氣式飛機(jī)空運(yùn)加速了這種聯(lián)系并使這種聯(lián)系更加復(fù)雜。3.Still,thebasicdynamicremainsthesame:Goodsmove.Peoplemove.Ideasmove.Andcultureschange.Thedifferencenowisthespeedandscopeofthesechanges.Ittooktelevision13yearstoacquire50millionusers;theInternettookonlyfive.然而，產(chǎn)生這種變化的動(dòng)力是一致的：商品流通、人員流動(dòng)、觀念轉(zhuǎn)變、文化變遷。不同的是這些變化的速度和范圍。電視機(jī)擁有5,000萬用戶用了13年時(shí)間，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只用了5年時(shí)間。4.Noteveryoneishappyaboutthis.SomeWesternsocialscientistsandanthropologists,andnotafewforeignpoliticians,believethatasortofculturalcloningwillresultfromwhattheyregardasthe"culturalassault"ofMcDonald's,Coca-Cola,Disney,Nike,MTV,andtheEnglishlanguageitself—morethanafifthofallthepeopleintheworldnowspeakEnglishtosomedegree.Whatevertheirbackgroundsoragendas,thesecriticsareconvincedthatWestern—oftenequatedwithAmerican—influenceswillflatteneveryculturalcrease,producing,asoneobservertermsit,onebig"McWorld.對(duì)這種變化并不是人人滿意。一些西方社會(huì)學(xué)家、人類學(xué)家和為數(shù)不少的外國政治家認(rèn)為文化．克隆是他們所認(rèn)為的麥當(dāng)勞、可口可樂、迪斯尼、耐克和MTV“文化轟炸”的結(jié)果，也是英語語言本身的結(jié)果，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在全球多于五分之一人口都或多或少地講英語。不管他們的背景和綱領(lǐng)如何,這些對(duì)全球化持反對(duì)態(tài)度的人深信西方的影響…往往等同于美國的影響...會(huì)把文化上的差異—一壓平。就像一位觀察家所說的，最終產(chǎn)生一個(gè)麥當(dāng)勞世界，一個(gè)充斥美國貨和體現(xiàn)美國價(jià)值觀的世界。5.Popularfactionssprouttoexploitnationalistanxieties.InChina,wherexenophobiaandeconomicambitionhaveoftenstruggledfortheupperhand,arecentbookcalledChinacansaynobecamethebest-sellerbyattackingwhatitconsiderstheChinesewillingnesstobelieveblindlyinforeignthings,advisingChinesetravelerstonotflyonaBoeing777andsuggestingthatHollywoodbeburned,反映公眾情緒(或得到公眾支持)的派別不斷滋生以便利用持此觀點(diǎn)的國民的焦慮和不安。在閉關(guān)鎖國和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)兩種政策并存并爭(zhēng)取其主控地位的中國，《中國可以說不》這本新書成為暢銷書，這本書對(duì)中國人的盲目崇洋媚外心理進(jìn)行了，批駁，建議中國游客不要乘坐波音777飛機(jī)，還建議燒掉進(jìn)口的好萊塢大片。6.TherearemanyWesternersamongthedenouncersofWesternculturalinfluences,butJamesWatson,aHarvardanthropologist,isn'toneofthem."ThelivesofChinesevillagersIknowareinfinitelybetternowthantheywere30yearsago,"hesays."Chinahasbecomemoreopenpartlybecauseofthedemandsofordinarypeople.Theywanttobecomepartoftheworld—IwouldsayglobalismisthemajorforcefordemocracyinChina.Peoplewantrefrigerators,stereos,CDplayers.Ifeelit'samoralobligationnottosay:?Thosepeopleoutthereshouldcontinuetoliveinamuseumwhilewewillhaveshowersthatwork.'"對(duì)西方文化影響持斥責(zé)態(tài)度的人中有許多西方人．而哈佛人類學(xué)家詹姆斯·沃森并不是其中一員。他說：“我知道現(xiàn)在中國農(nóng)村人的生活比30年前的好多了。中國越來越開放，部分原因是出于中國老百姓的要求。他們想成為世界的一部分---我要說全球觀念在中國是民主的重要?jiǎng)恿?。人們需要冰箱、音響和CD機(jī)。?遠(yuǎn)在中國的那些人應(yīng)該繼續(xù)過著落后的生活，而我們卻可以使用淋浴器，過著舒適的現(xiàn)代生活?。我認(rèn)為不說這種話是一種道義?！?.Westernization,Idiscoveredovermonthsofstudyandtravel,isaphenomenonshotthroughwithinconsistenciesandpopulatedbyverystrangebedfellows.CriticsofWesterncultureblastCokeandHollywoodbutnotorgantransplantsandcomputers.BoostersofWesternculturecanpointtoincreasedeffortstopreserveandprotecttheenvironment.YettheymakenomentionofsomelesssalubriousaspectsofWesternculture,suchascigarettesandautomobiles,which,evenastheyarebeingeagerlyadoptedinthedevelopingworld,arehavingdisastrouseffects.Apparentlywesternizationisnotastraightroadtohell,ortoparadiseeither.經(jīng)過幾個(gè)多月的研究和旅行，我發(fā)現(xiàn)西方化是一種內(nèi)部充滿矛盾的現(xiàn)象，在特別怪異之人中占有一席之地。西方文化批評(píng)家斥責(zé)可樂和好萊塢，卻不斥責(zé)器官移植和計(jì)算機(jī)。西方文化支持者指出繼續(xù)努力保護(hù)環(huán)境，但他們不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，Germany,;Russ,fromOhio;Freddyboy,aChinese-AmericanwholivesinEdina,Minnesota.Tomplayedeffortlesslyaswetalked.事實(shí)上，他只是看上去是一個(gè)人。他那亮著的計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕表明麻將已經(jīng)玩起來了，其他幾個(gè)參與者都是老牌友。他們是德國人“藍(lán)鯨”、俄亥俄州的拉斯和住在明尼蘇達(dá)州的美籍華人弗雷迪。我們一邊談著話，湯姆一邊毫不費(fèi)力地在玩麻將。16."I'velearnedabout11differentstylesofmah-jongg,"hetoldmewiththatdetachedfriendlinessofthosewhosetrueconnectioniswithmachines."ThereareacoupleofdifferentwaysofplayingitinAmerica.WeusuallyplayChinesemah-jongg."湯姆對(duì)我的態(tài)度很友好，但那是那種超然的友好，他的興趣在連線的計(jì)算機(jī)上。他對(duì)我說：“我已掌握了11種麻將的玩法。在美國有幾種不同麻將的玩法。我們常打中國式麻將?！?7.Iwatchedthelittletiles,likecards,bouncearoundthescreen.AsTomplayed,heandhispartnersconversedbytypingshortcommentstoeachother.我看著小小麻將牌像紙牌一樣在屏幕上彈來彈去。湯姆邊玩邊打字，和牌友簡(jiǎn)短交流牌局情況。18.Doesheeverplaywithrealpeople?“Ohyeah,”Tomreplied.“Onceaweekattheofficeintheevening,andThursdayatlunch.”Anewnameappearedonthescreen.“There?sFred?smother.Can?tbe,they?reinVegas.Oh,itmustbehissister.TJ?sonlinetoo,she?stheonefromWales-arealnightowl.She?sgettingmarriedsoon,andshelivedwithherfiance,andsometimeshegetsupandsays?Getoffthatdamncomputer!?”他和真人打過麻將嗎?他回答說：“打過。一周一次，晚上在辦公室，周四中午?！边@時(shí)，屏幕上出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新名字。“是弗雷迪的母親。不可能是，他們?cè)诰S加斯。噢!一定是他姐姐。TJ也在線，她是威爾士人，一個(gè)真正的夜貓子。她快結(jié)婚了，現(xiàn)在與她未婚夫一起生活。有時(shí)她未婚夫起床對(duì)她說：?離開那討厭的電腦!?”19.Tomplayedonintothenight.AtleastitwasnightwhereIwas.He,anamericanplayingaChinesegamewithpeopleinGermany,Wales,Ohio,andMinnesota,wasupinthecyberspherefarabovetheleveloftimezones.Itisarealmpopulatedbyindividualshe?snevermetwhomaybemorerealtohimthanthepeoplewholivenextdoor.湯姆繼續(xù)玩，一直到深夜。至少我所在的地方是深夜。他---一個(gè)美國人，和德國人、威爾士人、俄亥俄人還有明尼蘇達(dá)人一起玩中國游戲，他在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界活動(dòng)，這種活動(dòng)超越時(shí)區(qū)。這是他從未謀面的那些人的王國，對(duì)他來說，那些人要遠(yuǎn)比他的左鄰右舍更真實(shí)。20.IfitseemsthatlifeintheWesthasbecomeafast-forwardblur,considerChina.Injust20years,sincemarketforceswereunleashedbyeconomicreformsbegunin1978,lifeformanyurbanChinesehaschangeddrastically.Arecentsurveyof12majorcitiesshowedthat97percentoftherespondentshadtelevisions,and88percenthadrefrigeratorsandwashingmachines.Anotherstudyrevealedthatfarmersareeating48percentmoremeateachyearand400percentmorefruit.Cosmopolitanmagazine,plungingnecklinesandall,isreadby260,000Chinesewomeneverymonth.如果說西方的生活太超前了，已經(jīng)看不清輪廓了。那么就看看中國。從1978年經(jīng)濟(jì)改革搞活市場(chǎng)至今的20年時(shí)間，許多中國城市居民的生活有了極大的改善。最近對(duì)12個(gè)主要城市進(jìn)行了，調(diào)查，數(shù)據(jù)顯示97％的調(diào)查對(duì)象擁有電視機(jī)，88％擁有電冰箱和洗衣機(jī)。另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示農(nóng)民每年的食肉量增加了48％，水果增加了400％。26萬中國婦女每個(gè)月都在閱讀《時(shí)尚》雜志，那些開領(lǐng)袒胸的畫頁及其他內(nèi)容。21.IwenttoShanghaitoseehowtheculturaltrendsshowupinthelargestcityintheworld'smostpopulousnation.ItisalsoacitythathaslongbeenopentotheWest.GeneralMotors,forexample,setupitsfirstBuicksalesoutletinShanghaiin1929;todayGMhasinvested1.5billiondollarsinanewplantthere,thebiggestSino-AmericanventureinChina.我到上海去調(diào)查在世界人口最多國家的最大城市里文化趨勢(shì)如何出現(xiàn)。上海也是對(duì)西方開放最久的城市，譬如通用汽車公司早在1929年就在上海設(shè)立。如今，通用汽車投資1.5億美元在上海建立了中國最大的中美合資新廠。22.Onceacityofelegantvillasandimposingofficebuildingsfacingtheriverwithshoulderssquared,Shanghaiiscurrentlyrippingitselftoribbons.Inadecadescoresofgleamingnewskyscrapershaveshotuptocrowdandjostletheskyline,crampthenarrowwindingstreets,andchoketheparksandopenspaceswiththeirsheersoaringpresence(mostare80percentvacant).Trafficcrawls,evenonthenewmultilaneoverpasses.Butonthestreetsthewomenaredressedinbrightcolors,andmanycarryseveralshoppingbags,especiallyontheNanjingRoad,whichislinedwithboutiquesandmalls.InitsfirsttwoweeksofbusinesstheGuccistoretookinasurprising$100,000.上海曾是一座建有雅致的別墅和莊嚴(yán)的辦公大樓的城市，但現(xiàn)在卻是一座帶狀城市。10年中，幾十座閃閃發(fā)亮的新的高層建筑拔地而起，擠壓空間，使人張目不能遠(yuǎn)眺，使原本狹窄彎曲的街道更顯壓抑。而這些高聳大樓的存在也使公園和空地感到憋悶。即使是在多車道的高架橋上，車輛也在爬行。然而，街上的婦女著裝色彩艷麗，特別是在街道兩邊布滿精品店和時(shí)裝店的南京路上，許多婦女手里拎著多個(gè)購物袋。在剛開業(yè)的兩周時(shí)間里，古奇專賣店的營業(yè)額為十萬美元，令人驚訝不已。23."Maybeyoungwomentodaydon'tknowwhatitwaslike,"saysWuYing,editorinchiefoftheChineseeditionoftheFrenchfashionmagazineElle."ButtenyearsagoIwouldn'thaveimaginedmyselfwearingthisblouse."Itwasred,withwhitepolkadots."Whenpeopleboughtclothes,theythought?Howlongwillitlast?'Ahousewifeknewthatmostofthemonthlysalarywouldbespentonfood,andnowit'sjustasmallpart,soshecanthinkaboutwhattowearorwheretotravel.Andnowwithrefrigerators,wedon'thavetobuyfoodeveryday."法國時(shí)裝雜志Elle中國版的總編吳穎說：“也許現(xiàn)在的年輕女性不了解過去。10年前我決不會(huì)想到我會(huì)穿這樣的襯衫(那是一件紅白相間的緊身圓點(diǎn)花紋襯衫)。那時(shí)人們買衣服時(shí)考慮的是它能穿多久，家庭主婦把每月的工資主要用來買食品。而現(xiàn)在買食品只需一小部分工資，因此她會(huì)考慮著裝和旅行。現(xiàn)在有冰箱，我們也不必天天買食品?！?4.Asfortheculturaldislocationthismightbring:"PeopleinShanghaidon'tseeitasaproblem,"saidayoungGermanbusinessman."TheChineseareverygoodatdealingwithambiguity.It'saccepted—?It'sverydifferent,butit'sOK,so,sowhat?'"至于由此可能帶來的文化錯(cuò)位問題，一位年輕的德國商人說：“上海人認(rèn)為這不是問題。中國人是很善于應(yīng)對(duì)多種可能性的。人們接受了它。?很難，但還可以。那有什么?”?25.Potential:ThisislargelyaWesternconcept.Setasidethemakeupandskyscrapers,andit'sclearthatthetrulygreatleapforward[inShanghai]isatthelevelofideas.Toreallygraspthis,IhadonlytowitnessthelocalperformanceofShakespeare'sMacbethbytheHiuKokDramaAssociationfromMacau.潛力：這主要是西方概念。不談古奇專賣店和摩天大樓，真正的巨大飛躍體現(xiàn)在觀念上。我只有在親眼目睹了澳門的休考克戲劇協(xié)會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)厣涎莸纳帘葋啈騽　尔溈税住窌r(shí)才真正領(lǐng)會(huì)了這一點(diǎn)。26.TherewewereattheShanghaiTheatreAcademy,some30professorsandstudentsofliteratureanddramafromalloverchinaandI,onfoldingchairsaroundaspaceontalikehalfofabasketballcourt.“I?mnotgoingtobemuchhelp,”murmuredZhangFang,myinterpreter.“Idon?tunderstandtheCantoneselanguage,themostofthesepeopledon'teither.”在上海戲劇學(xué)院，我和來自全中國文學(xué)與戲劇專業(yè)的大約30名教授和學(xué)生一起坐在折疊椅上觀看演出，演出場(chǎng)地大約有半個(gè)壘球場(chǎng)那么大。翻譯張芳小聲對(duì)我說：“我?guī)筒涣耸裁疵?；我不懂廣東話，這里許多人都不懂?！?7.IthoughtIknewwhattowatchfor,buttheonlycharactersIrecognizedwerethethreewitches.Otherwisethesmallgroupspentmostofanhourrunningincircles,leaping,andthreateningtobeateachotherwithlongsticks.Thelightingwasheavyonshadows,withfrequentstrobelikeflashes.Languagewasn'taproblem,astheactorsmainlysnarledandshrieked.ThentheyturnedtheirbackstotheaudienceandafewshoutedsomethinginCantonese.Thelightswentout,andforamomenttheonlysoundinthedarknesswasthewhirringofanexpensivecameraonauto-rewind.我原以為自己能看個(gè)八九不離十，結(jié)果卻只能辨認(rèn)出三個(gè)女巫。這幾個(gè)人用了近一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)圈、跳來跳去、用長(zhǎng)棍子相互威脅打來打去。燈光集中在鬼影上，常常夾著閃電。語言不是問題，因?yàn)檠輪T主要是在咆哮和尖叫。后來他們背對(duì)觀眾，一些人用廣東話叫喊著。燈光熄滅，有一陣子，黑暗中惟一的聲音就是一部?jī)r(jià)格昂貴的照相機(jī)自動(dòng)倒卷時(shí)所發(fā)出的聲音。28.ThisisChina?ItcouldhavebeenacollegecampusanywhereintheWest:theanguishedstudents,thedubiousadults,thepoliticalexploitationofthemassacredclassic.Untilrecentlysuchaperformancewasunthinkable.Itstrainedimaginationthatthiscouldbethesamecountrywhereagenerationagothethreemostdesiredluxuryitemswerewristwatches,bicycles,andsewingmachines.這是中國嗎?這可以是西方的任何一所大學(xué)校園。這樣的表演即使是現(xiàn)在也難以想像。令人難以想像的是就是在這個(gè)國家，20年前人們最想要的一種奢侈品是手表、自行車和縫紉機(jī)。29.EarlyonIrealizedthatIwasgoingtoneedsometypeofcompasstoguidemethroughthewildsofglobalculture.SowhenIwasinLosAngeles,IsoughtoutAlvinToffler,whosebookFutureShockwaspublishedin1970.Inthenearlythreedecadessince,hehasdevelopedandrefinedanumberofinterestingideas,explainedinTheThirdWave,writtenwithhiswife,Heidi.許久以來我認(rèn)識(shí)到我需要某種指南針來指引我穿越全球文化的荒原。因此在洛杉磯時(shí)，我找到阿爾文·托夫勒．1970年他的《未來的沖擊》一書出版。此后近30年，他提出并完善了一些有趣的想法，他在與夫人海蒂合著的《第三次浪潮》一書中詳述了這些想法。30.Whatdoweknowaboutthefuturenow,Iasked,thatwedidn'tknowbefore?"Wenowknowthatordergrowsoutofchaos,"heansweredimmediately."Youcannothavesignificantchange,especiallyonthescaleofRussiaorChina,withoutconflict.NotconflictsbetweenEastandWest,orNorthandSouth,but?wave'conflictsbetweenindustriallydominantcountriesandpredominantlyagrariancountries,orconflictswithincountriesmakingatransitionfromonetotheother."我問他人們對(duì)以前并不知道的將來現(xiàn)在又了解多少呢?他馬上就做出了回答：“人們都知道秩序產(chǎn)生于混亂。沒有沖突就不可能有大的改變。尤其是在俄羅斯或中國這樣的國家。不是東方和西方的沖突，也不是南北之間的沖突。而是以工業(yè)為主和以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的國家間的沖突，或處在轉(zhuǎn)型期的國家間的沖突。”31.Waves,heexplained,aremajorchangesincivilization.Thefirstwavecamewiththedevelopmentofagriculture,thesecondwithindustry.Todayweareinthemidstofthethird,whichisbasedoninformation.In1956somethingnewbegantohappen,whichamountstotheemergenceofanewcivilization.Tofflersaid."ItwasinthatyearthatU.S.serviceandknowledgeworkersoutnumberedblue-collarfactoryworkers.In1957Sputnikwentup.Thenjetaviationbecamecommercial,televisionbecameuniversal,andcomputersbegantobewidelyused.Andwithallthesechangescamechangesinculture.他進(jìn)一步解釋說，浪潮就是文明的重大變化。第一次浪潮指的是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，第二次指工業(yè)。今天我們正處在第三次浪潮之中．主要指信息業(yè)。1956年開始產(chǎn)生新事物，就是出現(xiàn)了新文明。托夫勒說：“就是在那一年美國服務(wù)業(yè)和信息業(yè)的工人超過了藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人。1957年蘇聯(lián)人造地球衛(wèi)星升空。隨后航空商業(yè)化、電視普及、計(jì)算機(jī)開始被廣泛應(yīng)用，隨之而來的就是文化變遷?！?2."What'shappeningnowisthetrisectionofworldpower,"hecontinued."Agrariannationsonthebottom,smokestackcountriesinbetween,andknowledge-basedeconomiesontop."Thereareanumberofcountries—Brazil,forexample—whereallthreecivilizationscoexistandcollide.他繼續(xù)說到：“現(xiàn)在世界權(quán)利正在發(fā)生三等分變化。農(nóng)業(yè)國在底層，工業(yè)國在中間，發(fā)展知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的國家在上面?！痹谟行﹪?，如巴西，三種文明并存，相互沖撞。33."Culturallywe'llseebigchanges,"Tofflersaid."You'regoingtoturnonyourTVandgetNigerianTVandFijianTVinyourownlanguage."Also,someexpertspredictthattheTVofthefuture,with500cablechannels,maybeusedbysmallergroupstofostertheirseparate,distinctiveculturesandlanguages.托夫勒說：“我們會(huì)看到文化上有很大變化。你一打開電視，就能收看用母語播放的尼日利亞和斐濟(jì)電視節(jié)目?！币恍＜疫€預(yù)測(cè)未來電視有500個(gè)有線頻道，少數(shù)群體可以用這種電視發(fā)展自己獨(dú)立的、與眾不同的文化和語言。34."Peopleask,?CanwebecomethirdwaveandstillremainChinese?'Yes,"Tofflersays."Youcanhaveauniqueculturemadeofyourcoreculture.Butyou'llbetheChineseofthefuture,notofthepast."托夫勒還說：“人們要問。我們會(huì)經(jīng)歷第三次浪潮而繼續(xù)保持中國特色嗎?會(huì)的，會(huì)有由自己核心文化構(gòu)成的獨(dú)特文化，但那是未來的中國文化，而不是過去的中國文化。”35.Linking:Thisiswhatthespreadofglobalcultureultimatelymeans.Goodswillcontinuetomove—from1987to1995localeconomiesinCaliforniaexported200percentmoreproducts,businessesinIdaho375percentmore.Peoplemove:Itischeaperforbusinessestoimporttalentedemployeesthantotrainpeopleathome.Ideasmove:InJapanagenerationofchildrenraisedwithinteractivecomputergameshassensed,atleastatthecyberlevel,newpossibilities."Theimplicitmessageinallthis,”wroteinKenichiOhmac,“isthatitispossibletoactivelytakecontrolofone'ssituationorcircumstancesand,thereby,tochangeone'sfate.FortheJapanese,thisisanentirelynewwayofthinking."相互聯(lián)系：全球文化傳播最終就意味著相互聯(lián)系。商品會(huì)繼續(xù)流動(dòng)，從1987年到1995年，加利福尼啞州經(jīng)濟(jì)部¨多出口了200％的產(chǎn)品，愛達(dá)荷商業(yè)部多出口了375％。人員流動(dòng)：從國外引進(jìn)商業(yè)雇員比在國內(nèi)培訓(xùn)工人便宜。觀念轉(zhuǎn)變：在日本，玩互動(dòng)電子游戲長(zhǎng)大的一代至少在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界體驗(yàn)到了新的可能性。大前研一在一本書中寫道：“玩這種游戲向人們傳遞著一個(gè)模糊的信息，就是人們有可能主動(dòng)操縱自己的處境，因此就會(huì)改變自己的命運(yùn)。對(duì)日本人來說．這完全是一種新的思維方式?！?6.Change:It'sareality,notachoice.Butwhatwillbeitstruedrivingforce?Culturesdon'tbecomemoreuniform;instead,botholdandnewtendtotransformeachother.ThelatephilosopherIsaiahBerlinbelievedthat,ratherthanaspiretosomeutopianideal,asocietyshouldstriveforsomethingelse:"notthatweagreewitheachother,"hisbiographerexplained,"butthatwecanu