翻譯理論與實(shí)踐教案()第一頁，共70頁。Diction?Softdrink;softlight;softwater;softbreeze;softfire;softheart;softrecord培訓(xùn)部;編輯部;指揮部;師部;外交部;南部CorrespondenceandDiscriminatingtheoriginalmeaning;WordTranslation.第一頁第二頁，共70頁。Diction去掉不適當(dāng)?shù)目鋸?；（該市的人都贊成。）要注意輕重和范圍的大?。唬ㄋ龂樀没瓴桓襟w。）用詞要注意褒貶；（她是一個(gè)有獨(dú)立見解的思想家。）用詞要具體；同義詞/近義詞的選擇。BACK第二頁第三頁，共70頁。AmplificationSupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginal;SupplyingNecessaryConnectives;SupplyingWordstoConveytheConceptofPlurality;SupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear;LogicalthinkingSupplyingWordsofGeneralizationForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceRepititionSupplyingBackgroundorCulturalInformation第三頁第四頁，共70頁。SupplyingWordsOmittedintheOriginalReadingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinaryChinese”withpaperflagsandbouquetsofflowers.BACK第四頁第五頁，共70頁。SupplyingNecessaryConnectives;HecouldunderstandapassiveoppositionfromKennedyloyalists,butanopenonewouldhavedireconsequences.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,therealmostcertainlywouldneverhavebeenaThirdReich.BACK第五頁第六頁，共70頁。SupplyingWordstoConvey

theConceptofPluralityNewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.BACK第六頁第七頁，共70頁。SupplyingWordstoMakeanAbstractConceptClear

Antagonism;madness;arrogance.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.BACK第七頁第八頁，共70頁。LogicalThinkingWhereasKissingerhadonceneededNixonasachanneltopower,NixonnowneededKissingertohelphimremaininpower.

BACK第八頁第九頁，共70頁。SupplyingWordsofGeneralizationTheAmericansandtheJapaneseconductedacompletelysecretexchangeofmessages.BACK第九頁第十頁，共70頁。ForPurposesofRhetoricorCoherenceFormistakeshadbeenmade,badones.BACK第十頁第十一頁，共70頁。RepititionThefootmenwereasreadytoserveherastheyweretheirownmistress.Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.Ihaveexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.Bloodmustatoneforblood.Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.BACK第十一頁第十二頁，共70頁。SupplyingBackgroundorCulturalInformation

LeMonde,theB.B.C.,theNewYorkTimes,theentireArabpress,allquoteHeikalatlength.Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.Chinese-English第十二頁第十三頁，共70頁。Amplification

1.

Addingnecessarypronouns;2.

Addingnecessaryarticles;3.Addingnecessaryconnectives;4.Addingnecessaryprepositions;5.Addingnecessarybackgroundwords;6.Addingnecessarywordsofgeneralization;7.AvoidRepetition.

第十三頁第十四頁，共70頁。AddingNecessaryPrepositions每個(gè)人有一條生命。

Amanhasbutonelifetolive.第十四頁第十五頁，共70頁。AddingNecessaryBackgroundWords建國以來;抗戰(zhàn)期間。sincethefoundingofthePRCin1949duringtheWarofResistanceagainstJapan第十五頁第十六頁，共70頁。AddingNecessaryWordsofGeneralization結(jié)婚大辦酒席，實(shí)在可以免去了。要提倡顧全大局。Thepracticeofgivinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.

第十六頁第十七頁，共70頁。AvoidRepetitionHestressedthatallStateCouncildepartmentshaveanimportantresponsibilityinthestruggle(againstcorruption)andsaidtheyareinaveryimportantposition.Tomaintainsteadygrowthoftheeconomy,wemustimplementalong-termpolicyofsteadyeconomicgrowth.第十七頁第十八頁，共70頁。AvoidRepetition(Exception)

Thereisnoquestionthatwewillwinandtheenemywillbedefeated.Wemuststrengthenpublichealthservicesinruralareasinordertoimproveourpeople’shealth.BACK第十八頁第十九頁，共70頁。Omission(E-C)

OmissionofthePronoun;

OmissionoftheArticle;

OmissionofthePreposition;

OmissionoftheConjunction;OmissionoftheVerb;OmissionoftheSpecialPronoun“It”.C-E第十九頁第二十頁，共70頁。OmissionofthePronounTheretailersperformmanyfunctions.First,hemayprovideaconvenientlocation.Also,heoftenguaranteesandservicesthemerchandisehesells.Third,theretaileraidsinpromotingtheproduct,oftenthroughdisplaysandadvertising.Fourth,theretailermayfinancethecustomerbyextendingcredit.Further,theretailerperformsstoragefunctioninhisoutlet,byhavinggoodsavailable.BACK第二十頁第二十一頁，共70頁。OmissionoftheArticleWinteristhebesttimetostudythegrowthoftrees.Althoughtheleavesaregoneandthebranchesarebare,thetreesthemselvesarebeautiful.BACK第二十一頁第二十二頁，共70頁。OmissionofthePrepositionRumorshadalreadyspreadalongthestreetsandlanes.BACK第二十二頁第二十三頁，共70頁。OmissionoftheConjunctionHedeclinedtoamplifyonthePresident’sstatement,sincehehadnotreadthetext.BACK第二十三頁第二十四頁，共70頁。Omission(C-E)OmissionoftheAdjective;OmissionoftheAdverb;OmissionofthePrepositionalPhrase;OmissionoftheVerb;OmissionofthePhraseorthesentence;ConsiderasaWhole.BACK第二十四頁第二十五頁，共70頁。OmissionoftheVerb相互了解，是建立互信關(guān)系的前提。

中國始終是維護(hù)世界和平與地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量。

BACK第二十五頁第二十六頁，共70頁。OmissionofthePhraseortheSentence不能把歐洲視為亞洲，也不能把亞洲視為歐洲。

美國和歐盟國家已連續(xù)六次在日內(nèi)瓦的聯(lián)合國會(huì)議上提出這個(gè)議案，但是每一次都沒有得到通過，都失敗了。

BACK第二十六頁第二十七頁，共70頁。ConsiderasaWhole這些新型汽車速度快，效率高，行動(dòng)靈活。他這個(gè)人歷來都是勇于探索，勇于創(chuàng)造，勇于改正錯(cuò)誤。

BACK第二十七頁第二十八頁，共70頁。OmissionofthePrepositionalPhrase我們?cè)敢庠诤推焦蔡幬屙?xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上同世界上所有國家發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。

我們已經(jīng)從其他國家有計(jì)劃有選擇的進(jìn)口了一些成套設(shè)備。

BACK第二十八頁第二十九頁，共70頁。OmissionoftheAdjective他們做了艱苦的努力。我們對(duì)過去的歷史應(yīng)有所了解。這個(gè)地區(qū)遭受了嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害。我們積極支持生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。

BACK第二十九頁第三十頁，共70頁。OmissionoftheAdverb價(jià)格要適當(dāng)調(diào)整。如果你想要取得他們的支持，它必須進(jìn)一步改善自己的形象。

BACK第三十頁第三十一頁，共70頁。Conversion(E-C)ConversionintotheVerb;ConversionintotheNoun;Conversionintotheadjective;Conversionintotheadverb.C-E第三十一頁第三十二頁，共70頁。ConversionintotheVerbAcommonplacecriticismofAmericancultureisitsexcessivepreoccupationwithmaterialgoodsandcorrespondingneglectofthehumanspirit.Thedevelopedcountriesarerichinskilledworkforceandcapitalresources,sotheycanconcentrateonproducingmanytechnology–intensiveproductssuchascomputers,aircrafts,andsoon.BACK第三十二頁第三十三頁，共70頁。ConversionintotheNounSincesilverandgoldareinconvenienttocarryandtoassayforpurityandforweight,itbecamecustomaryforeachstatetostampoutincoinformaspecifiednumberofouncesofgoldcarryingthesealofthestatetoguaranteepurityandweight.BegfiledanurgentstorytohisnewspaperinLondon,littlerealizingthathewasabouttobecomepartofanewjournalisticlegendonFleetStreet.BACK第三十三頁第三十四頁，共70頁。ConversionintotheadverbHetalkedtotheforeignerinhesitantEnglish.Hespentananxiousdayinthelockup.BACK第三十四頁第三十五頁，共70頁。ConversionintotheadjectiveAsheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyou’llgivehimthenecessaryhelp.TheAPECmeetinginShanghaiwasagreatsuccess.BACK第三十五頁第三十六頁，共70頁。Exercises1.

Hedidnotlookoractlikehisusualself---hisfacewasveryred,hishatwasonthebackofhishead,hishairwaswildlyrumpled.2.

Wewerehighlyappreciativeofhiseffortstobringpeacetotheworld.3.

Theoldmanlayallnightonhissleeplessbed.第三十六頁第三十七頁，共70頁。Exercises4.

Thishatwasinforawhilelastyear.5.

Machinesworkonelectricity.6.

Helookedatmeinamazement.第三十七頁第三十八頁，共70頁。Homework1.

TheseizureofAmericanhostagesinIransharpenedthepainofnationalhumiliation.2.

Attheturnofaswitch,wecanseewhataretakingplaceamileaway.3.Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.1.

中國青年人對(duì)因特網(wǎng)知識(shí)的普及化程度和上網(wǎng)人數(shù)還遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意。2.

人們現(xiàn)在把郵購業(yè)務(wù)生動(dòng)的比作“看不見的超市”，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢酝ㄟ^信函，電話，傳真和電腦定購物品，并通過中國郵政網(wǎng)迅速的收到所購物品。BACK第三十八頁第三十九頁，共70頁。Conversion(C-E)VerbsintoNouns;VerbsintoPrepositionalPhrases;VerbsintoAdverbs;VerbsintoAdjectives;NounsintoVerbs;NounsintoAdjectives;AdjectivesintoNouns.第三十九頁第四十頁，共70頁。VerbsintoNouns了解過去有助于了解現(xiàn)在，了解現(xiàn)在有助于預(yù)知未來。堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國的原則，是實(shí)現(xiàn)和平統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)和前提。振興科技和繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)，必須堅(jiān)持教育為本。BACK第四十頁第四十一頁，共70頁。VerbsintoPrepositionalPhrases;一方面問題正在討論，另一方面寫字樓正在建造。這份有關(guān)航天的報(bào)告雖然很長，但不切要領(lǐng)，我看不懂。BACK第四十一頁第四十二頁，共70頁。VerbsintoAdverbs會(huì)議結(jié)束后，人人都盡力為公司做點(diǎn)事兒。BACK第四十二頁第四十三頁，共70頁。VerbsintoAdjectives你肯定他能中彩嗎？糖和鹽都溶于水。BACK第四十三頁第四十四頁，共70頁。NounsintoVerbs本產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)是設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特，質(zhì)量高，容量大。BACK第四十四頁第四十五頁，共70頁。NounsintoAdjectives我們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的未來充滿信心。服從是軍人的義務(wù)。BACK第四十五頁第四十六頁，共70頁。AdjectivesintoNouns空氣清香，使人感到分外涼爽、舒暢。Homework第四十六頁第四十七頁，共70頁。Extension(E-C)

1.邏輯引申

2.語用引申

3.修辭引申

4.概念范圍的調(diào)整C-E第四十七頁第四十八頁，共70頁。邏輯引申Theemergenceofthepeopleofthe3rdworldandtheirstruggleforidentitywillleadtothefloweringofdiverseconceptsoflifeinthefuture.VietnamWarwashisentrée（入場券）tothenewAdministration,histhirdincarnation（賦予肉體、具人形，化身）asaforeignpolicyconsultant.第四十八頁第四十九頁，共70頁。邏輯引申Sincetheinitiationofeconomicreformsinthelate1970s,Chinahasachievedimpressiveeconomicgrowthcoupledwithsignificantstructuraltransformation.TheEEC’scommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaur（要被廢棄的落后的龐然大物）

whichisadding￡13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.BACK第四十九頁第五十頁，共70頁。語用引申

Thenewfatherworeaproudsmile.Cleverheadsthanminemighthaveseenhisdrift.

BACK第五十頁第五十一頁，共70頁。修辭引申Seesawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous，thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.Hewouldnottellthem，butkepttheminsuspenseallday.BACK第五十一頁第五十二頁，共70頁。概念范圍的調(diào)整

Poetrysuffers(外延大而內(nèi)涵小)intranslation–andthereadersuffers（外延小而內(nèi)涵大）

withit.Torcello,whichusedtobelonelyasacloud,hasrecentlybecomeanoutingfromVenice.EXERCISES第五十二頁第五十三頁，共70頁。Exercises1.

HowtheybowtothatCleolebecauseofherhundredthousandpounds.2.

Theavalancheunleashedbythefilmprovidedthebestopportunityinalongtimefortheracialhealingtobegin.3.Allservicesinbusiness---suchasgiftwrapping,delivery,andcredit---havesomeamountofcostsassociatedwiththem,andthesecostsmustbecoveredbyhigherprices.

NEXT第五十三頁第五十四頁，共70頁。Exercises4.Wordsoncereservedforrestroomwallsarenowcommonstuffinfilms,plays,booksandevenontelevision.5.Lastnightanuninvitedguestturneduptomakefiveforbridge.Ihadthekindofpaperbookathandtomakebeingthefifth

atbridgeajoy.6.EverytimeIcomebackfromabusinesstripitmakesanewmanofme.BACK第五十四頁第五十五頁，共70頁。Extension(C-E)具體化譯法

概略化譯法

BACK第五十五頁第五十六頁，共70頁。具體化譯法最近呢，農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)化了，又在植樹造林，山嶺天地更加郁郁蔥蔥。

它們仿佛在牛乳中洗過一樣，又像籠罩著輕紗的夢(mèng)。

官僚作風(fēng)就是墨守成規(guī)，推委消極。

BACK第五十六頁第五十七頁，共70頁。概略化譯法不要在絲綢服裝上別別針，因?yàn)闀?huì)留下針眼。

在這兒實(shí)在閑著無事，渾身筋肉都松弛的發(fā)酸。

BACK第五十七頁第五十八頁，共70頁。CategoriesofNegationShebarelyacknowledgedhispresence.Ourclassismarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionthatmanyofthestudentsmightfallintosleep.Thereisnoplaceintheworldlikehome.NEXT第五十八頁第五十九頁，共70頁。CategoriesofNegationNotallthecandidateswereaccepted.Hewasafraiduntilthetigerwalkedoutofhissight.Thepurposeofteachingisnotsomuchtotransmitknowledgeastoteachhowtolearn.Ihaveneverknownhimtobehaveotherthanselfishly.SKILLS第五十九頁第六十頁，共70頁。NegationinE-CTranslationAffirmativeinE,butNegativeinC.Weknowitisasquarepeginaroundhole;still,itservesafterafashion.Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.NEXT第六十頁第六十一頁，共70頁。NegationinE-CTranslation2.NegativeinE,butAffirmativeinCAllmyplanscametonothing.3.EitherEquivalentinCSlipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyouarenewtoyourwork.NEXT第六十一頁第六十二頁，共70頁。