文學(xué)翻譯一起練總結(jié)篇(3)ThePleasureofReadingAllthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthatdelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooksbutwemustknowhowtoavailourselvesofthistreasureandhowgetthemostvaluefromit.Theunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverdiscoveredhowsatisfyingitistoreadgoodbooks.Iammostinterestedinpeople,inmeetingthemandfindingoutaboutthem.SomeoftheremarkablepeopleI’vemetexitedonlyinwriter'simagination,thenonthepagesofhisbook,andthenagain,inmyimagination.Ihavefoundinbooksnewfriend,newsocietyandnewwords.IfIaminterestedinpeople,othersareinterestednotsomuchinwhomasinhow.Whointhebooksincludeseverybodyfromscience-fictionsupermantwohundredsyearsinthefutureallthewaybacktothefirstfigureinhistory.HowcoverseverythingfromtheingeniousexplanationsofSherlockHolmestothediscoveriesofscienceandthewaysofteachingmannerstochildren.Readingisapleasureofthemind,whichmeansthatitisalittlelikeasport:youreagernessandknowledgeandquicknessmakeyouagoodreader.Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor'sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandhis.Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparate,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonbookssomebodytellsyou"ought"toread,youprobablywon'thavefun.Butifyouputdownabookyoudon'tlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime--andifyoubecomeasaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon'thavesufferedduringtheprocess.Itiscertainnoliteraltranslationcanbejusttoanexcellentoriginalinasuperiorlanguage:butitisagreatmistaketoimagine(asmanyhavedone)thatarashparaphrasecanmakeamendsforthisgeneraldefect;whichisnolessindangertolosethespiritofanancient,bydeviatingintothemodernmannersofexpression.Iftherebesometimesadarkness,thereisoftenalightinantiquity,whichnothingbetterpreservesthanaversionalmostliteral.Iknownolibertiesoneoughttotake,butthosewhicharenecessarytotransfusingthespiritoftheoriginal,andsupportingthepoeticalstyleofthetranslation:andIwillventuretosay,therehavenotbeenmoremenmisledinformertimesbyaservile,dulladherencetotheletter,thanhavebeendeludedinoursbyachimerical,insolenthopeofraisingandimprovingtheirauthor.Itisnottobedoubted,thatthefireofthepoemiswhatatranslatorshouldprincipallyregard,asitismostlikelytoexpireinhismanaging:however,itishissafestwaytobecontentwithpreservingthistohisutmostinthewhole,withoutendeavouringtobemorethanhefindshisauthoris,inanyparticularplace.Itisagreatsecretinwriting,toknowwhentobeplain,andwhenpoeticalandfigurative;anditiswhatHomerwillteachus,ifwewillbutfollowmodestlyinhisfootsteps.Wherehisdictionisboldandlofty,letusraiseoursashighaswecan;butwherehisisplainandhumble,weoughtnottobedeterredfromimitatinghimbythefearofincurringthecensureofamereEnglishcritic.NothingthatbelongstoHomerseemstohavebeenmorecommonlymistakenthanthejustpitchofhisstyle:someofhistranslatorshavingswelledintofustianinaproudconfidenceofthesublime;otherssunkintoflatness,inacoldandtimorousnotionofsimplicity.MethinksIseethesedifferentfollowersofHomer,somesweatingandstrainingafterhimbyviolentleapsandbounds(thecertainsignsoffalsemettle),othersslowlyandservilelycreepinginhistrain,whilethepoethimselfisallthetimeproceedingwithanunaffectedandequalmajestybeforethem.However,ofthetwoextremesonecouldsoonerpardonfrenzythanfrigidity;noauthoristobeenviedforsuchcommendations,ashemaygainbythatcharacterofstyle,whichhisfriendsmustagreetogethertocallsimplicity,andtherestoftheworldwillcalldullness.Thereisagracefulanddignifiedsimplicity,aswellasaboldandsordidone;whichdifferasmuchfromeachotherastheairofaplainmanfromthatofasloven:itisonethingtobetrickedup,andanothernottobedressedatall.Simplicityisthemeanbetweenostentationandrusticity."Onmyheadpouronlythesweetwatersofserenity.GivemethegiftoftheUntroubledMind.”O(jiān)nce,asayoungmanfullofexuberantfancy,Iundertooktodrawupacatalogueoftheacknowledged“goods”oflife.Asothermensometimestabulatelistsofpropertiestheyownorwouldliketoown,Isetdownmyinventoryofearthlydesirables:health,love,beauty,talent,power,riches,andfame~togetherwithseveralminoringredientsofwhatIconsideredman’sperfectportion.WhenmyinventorywascompletedIproudlyshowedittoawiseelderwhohadbeenthementorandspiritualmodelofmyyouth.PerhapsIwastryingtoimpresshimwithmyprecociouswisdomandthelargeuniversalityofmyinterests.Anyway,Ihandedhimthelist."This,”Itoldhimconfidently,“isthesumofmortalgoods.Couldamanpossessthemall,hewouldbeasagod.”Atthecornersofmyfriend'soldeyes,Isawwrinklesofamusementgatheringinapatientnet.“Anexcellentlist,”hesaid,ponderingitthoughtfully."Welldigestedincontentandsetdowninnot-unreasonableorder.Butitappears,myyoungfriend,thatyouhaveomittedthemostimportantelementofall.Youhaveforgottentheoneingredientlackingwhicheachpossessionbecomesahideoustorment,andyourlistasawholeanintolerableburden.”“Andwhat,”Iasked,pepperingmyvoicewithtruculence,“isthatmissingingredient?”Withapencilstubhecrossedoutmyentireschedule.Then,havingdemolishedmyadolescentdreamstructureatasinglestroke,hewrotedownthreesyllables:peaceofmind.“ThisisthegiftthatGodreservesforHisspecialproteges,^hesaid."TalentandbeautyHegivestomany.Wealthiscommonplace,famenotrare.Butpeaceofmind一thatisHisfinalguerdonofapproval,thefondestsignofHislove.Hebestowsitcharily.Mostmenareneverblessedwithit;otherswaitalltheirlives一yes,farintoadvancedage一forthisgifttodescenduponthem.”我的譯文：讀書的樂趣歷代的智慧，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來人類一直籍以為樂的故事，所有這些都可以從書中方便而又便宜地獲得.但是我必須懂得如何利用這份寶藏,懂得如何才能使它對(duì)我們最為有益.世界上最為不幸的人，也就是那些從未體驗(yàn)過讀好書之樂趣的人吧我對(duì)人最為感興趣,喜歡結(jié)識(shí)他們,喜歡了解他們.我認(rèn)識(shí)的一些非凡之人，首先存在于作者的想象之中，然后表現(xiàn)在作品的字里行間,最后在我的想象中重新顯現(xiàn).我在書中找到了新的朋友，新的社會(huì)，還有新的語言.如果說我對(duì)人感興趣的話,別人感興趣的就是事.書中的人形形色色,從歷史上第一個(gè)偉人一直到科幻小說中200年后的超人.書中的事也無奇不有，從福爾摩斯里的精彩案情，到各種科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，再到如何讓孩子懂得禮貌.讀書是愉悅心智之事.在這一點(diǎn)上它與運(yùn)動(dòng)頗為相似:一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的讀者必須要有熱情、有知識(shí)、有速度。讀書之樂并非在于作者要告訴你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟隨作者一起想像，有時(shí)你的想象甚至?xí)阶髡叩?。把自己的體驗(yàn)與作者的相互比較，你會(huì)得出相同或者不同的結(jié)論。在理解作者想法的同時(shí)，也形成了自己的觀點(diǎn)。每一本書都自成體系，就像一家一戶的住宅，而圖書館里的藏書好比城市里千家萬戶的居所。盡管它們都相互獨(dú)立，但只有相互結(jié)合才有意義。家家戶戶彼此相連，城市與城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌現(xiàn)。人類生活中反復(fù)的問題也在文學(xué)中不斷重現(xiàn)，但因時(shí)代與作品的差異，答案也各不相同。如果你希望的話，讀書也能充滿樂趣。倘若你只讀那些別人告訴你該讀之書，那么你不太可能有樂趣可言。但如果你放下你不喜歡的書，試著閱讀另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后輕輕松松的讀下去，差不多一定會(huì)樂在其中。而且，當(dāng)你通過閱讀變得更加優(yōu)秀，更加善良，更加文雅時(shí)，閱讀便不再是一種折磨。論古典文學(xué)的翻譯可以肯定，對(duì)于高貴語言著成的作品來說，直譯是不恰當(dāng)?shù)模旱J(rèn)為粗略的解釋可以彌補(bǔ)這一普遍的過失更是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò);濫用現(xiàn)代的表達(dá)方式，也會(huì)使古代作品的精神喪失殆盡。如果說在古典作品中不時(shí)有黑暗愚昧之處，其中也常有光明智慧的地方。而這些光明與智慧在近乎直譯的譯文中能更好地留存。我認(rèn)為，文字的自由取決于是否是傳達(dá)原作精神所必需，是否有助于譯作詩風(fēng)的保存。我敢說，過去雖有不少亦步亦趨、機(jī)械地追求字面對(duì)應(yīng)的迷途譯者，但狂妄地抱有改進(jìn)原作的不實(shí)理想的譯者也不在少數(shù)。毋庸置疑，詩的火焰是每個(gè)翻譯者都理應(yīng)重視的，因?yàn)樗诜g過程中更加容易消失：然而，最安全的做法就是滿足于從整體篇章上盡力保留這種特質(zhì)，不要試圖在任何細(xì)節(jié)上超越作者。寫作的奧秘在于知道何時(shí)平淡，何時(shí)綺麗；如果我們肯虛心追隨荷馬的腳步，一定能從他身上學(xué)到這一點(diǎn)。他用詞豪