unit3語(yǔ)法一、系動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)：1.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份等，常用的有be。Iwasfuriouswhenhecrashedmycar.當(dāng)他撞了我的車(chē)時(shí)，我很生氣。

同步練習(xí)1.Neither

she

nor

I

____

a

doctor.

A.

am

not

B.

am

C.

are

D.

is

2.I

____

a

worker

next

year.

A.

am

B.

will

be

C.

be

D.

will

3.There

___

an

apple

and

three

oranges

on

the

desk.

4.

_____

a

meeting

here

tomorrow.

A．There

are

B．There

will

be

C．There

be

D．There

is

going

to2.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep(保持),remain(依然),stay(保持),lie(保持),stand(矗立著),sit(坐),continue(繼續(xù))。Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。

Whateverhappens,weshouldkeep/staycalm.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。Theweathercontinuedhotaftertherain.雨后，天氣依然很熱。Thehousestoodemptyforyears.這房子多年空著。3.表象系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)、似乎、顯得”這一概念，常用的有seem,appear,look。Heappearedtiredandsleepy.他顯得很疲倦，好像要睡著了。

Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起來(lái)很傷心。

4.感官系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示人的感覺(jué)的一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞，常用的有l(wèi)ook(看起來(lái))，feel(摸起來(lái)、感覺(jué)),smell(聞起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái))。

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.

這種布手感很軟。

Medicinetastesbitterbutitcuresdiseases.良藥苦口利于病。

同步練習(xí)1.Those

oranges

taste__________.

A.

good

B.

well

C.

to

be

good

D.

to

be

well

2.The

material

_______very

soft.

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

3.What

you

have

said_______.

A.

is

sounded

interesting

B．sounds

interesting

C.

sound

interested

D．listens

interested

4.

I

feel

________to

have

a

friend

like

him.

He

always

helps

me

out

when

I

am

in

trouble.A.

luckily;

B.

happy;

C.

sorry

5.變化或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞用于表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，常用的有become(變成),grow(長(zhǎng)得),turn(變得),fall(變?yōu)?,get(變得),go(變得),come(成為)，prove(證明是)。Thestudentsfellquietasthescientiststartedtospeak.

那位科學(xué)家開(kāi)始講話后，學(xué)生們安靜下來(lái)。

Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。

Therumorprovedfalse.這謠言證實(shí)有假。

It’saweeksinceshefellill.她得病一周了。●特別提示：1.get,become,go,turn,grow的區(qū)別：1）become：一般表示變化過(guò)程已經(jīng)完成，較正式，通常不用來(lái)表示未來(lái)的事，后接形容詞、名詞、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。Helenbecameanelectronicengineer.海倫成了一名電子工程師。2）get：表示一種變化過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“漸漸變得”，更口語(yǔ)化，通常接形容詞，也可以用在lost,

broken,dressed,married等過(guò)去分詞的前面。Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.我們的國(guó)家日益強(qiáng)大。LastnightIgotcaughtinthedownpour.昨夜我遇上了傾盆大雨。3）go：多表示從好的狀態(tài)變成壞的狀態(tài)，通常接mad,crazy,blind,bad等或表示顏色的形容詞。Somethinghasgonewrongwiththemachine.機(jī)器出了毛病。4）turn：側(cè)重于“變得與以前完全不同”。后多接表顏色的及表天氣的形容詞，如果接名詞，要省略冠詞。Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.成為作家之前他是一名教師。Sheturned/wentbluewithcold.她凍得臉色發(fā)青了。5）grow：側(cè)重于“逐漸變得……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的過(guò)程。Heisgrowingold.他漸漸老了。同步練習(xí)1.It

____

colder

and

colder

in

winter.

A.

becomes

B.

get

C.

becoming

D.

is

coming

2.Don’t

eat

the

food.

It

____

bad.

A.

go

B.

was

getting

C.

goes

D.

smell

3.She

____

engineer

last

year.

A.

became

B.

is

becoming

C.

is

D.

turned

2.look,seem,appear的區(qū)別1）在意義上：look：一般用于非正式場(chǎng)合，側(cè)重指從本身外表特征上由視覺(jué)得到的印象。seem：指說(shuō)話人內(nèi)心的估計(jì)與判斷，有一定依據(jù)，接近于實(shí)際情況。appear：常用于正式文體中，指某事物或人給他人的表面印象，有時(shí)含有實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此之意。Helookslikehisfather.（指其長(zhǎng)相看起來(lái)相像）Heseemslikehisfather.（指說(shuō)話人從個(gè)性方面得到的判斷）Mymusicteacherisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.

我的音樂(lè)老師已五十歲了，但看起來(lái)很年輕。(其實(shí)并不年輕)2)look,seem之后可接介詞like，但appear之后一般不能。Helooks/seemslikeafool.他看起來(lái)像個(gè)大傻瓜。3)appear和seem后可接不定式和that引導(dǎo)的從句，但look較少用。Heseems/appearstohavetravelledalot.他似乎去過(guò)許多地方旅行。Itseems/appearsthatheisverytired.他似乎很累了。3.keep,remain,stay1）系動(dòng)詞keep意思是“保持……狀態(tài)”，后常接形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy等。Inordertokeepfit,allstudentsgoinforsports.為了保持健康，所有學(xué)生都參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。We’dbetterkeepintouch.我們最好保持聯(lián)系。2）remain意思是“仍然存在……狀態(tài)”，后接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)某種狀態(tài)前后無(wú)變化。PeterbecameajudgebutJohnremainedafisherman.彼得當(dāng)了法官，而約翰依舊是漁民。Yourroomremainslikethis.你的房間依舊是這樣子。3）系動(dòng)詞stay是“保持……狀態(tài)”，后接形容詞、分詞等。?？膳ckeep互換。Thedoorstayedclosed.門(mén)一直關(guān)著。Pleasestayseated.請(qǐng)繼續(xù)坐著。Ihadtostayawakeallnightlookingafterthesickbaby.

我照顧那個(gè)病兒，一整夜沒(méi)有睡。4.一些系動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，如果是及物動(dòng)詞可有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。對(duì)比這些句子：Hefellillyesterday.他昨天病了。（fell是系動(dòng)詞，后跟表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)情況）

Hefellofftheladder.他從梯子上摔下來(lái)。（fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)）Shesmeltthemeat.她聞了聞那塊肉。（smelt是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作）Theflowerssmellverysweet.這些花聞起來(lái)很香。(smell是系動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn))Itwascloudythismorning,butfortunatelyithasturnedfine.

今天早上是陰天，幸好已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)晴了。（系動(dòng)詞）Allthelightsinthehousewereturnedoff.屋里的燈都關(guān)掉了。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）5．瞬間系動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段連用英語(yǔ)中某些表示瞬間意義的系動(dòng)詞，如become，turn，prove等不能與“for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，until，sofar”等直接連用。如：①不能說(shuō)：Hehasbecomeapolicemanfor12years.應(yīng)改為：Hehasbeenapolicemanfor12years.②不能說(shuō)：Hehasturnedwritersinceeightyearsago.應(yīng)改為：Hehasbeenawritesinceeightyearsago.③不能說(shuō)：Hegotangryuntilhischildcamebackhome.應(yīng)改為：Hedidn’tgetangryuntilhischildcamebackhome.二、表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)，與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，即簡(jiǎn)單句五種句型之一：“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”。表語(yǔ)可以由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或起名詞、形容詞作用的詞或短語(yǔ)（如：不定式，動(dòng)詞-ing形式等）擔(dān)任，也可以是從句。但是許多系動(dòng)詞多接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞，如動(dòng)詞-ing形式。Pollutionfromcarshasbecome

amajorproblem.汽車(chē)尾氣成了一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。Pleasefeel

free

tosaywhatyoureallythink.請(qǐng)隨便談?wù)勀愕南敕ò?。I’m

muchworried

aboutherhealth.我對(duì)她的健康狀況感到憂慮。Wastingtimeis

killingyourself.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間就是自殺。CometoseemetomorrowwhenIam

atwork.明天我上班時(shí)來(lái)見(jiàn)你。Thisis

wherewedisagreewitheachother.這就是我們有分歧的地方。●特別提示：1）look，smell，sound，feel；appear，seem可接asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。從句如果與事實(shí)相反或很難實(shí)現(xiàn)，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Sheseemedasif(though)shecouldn’tunderstandwhyLaurawasthere.看來(lái)她好像不能理解為什么勞拉在那兒。Itsoundstomeasthoughthere’sataprunningsomewhere.我好像聽(tīng)到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybookoffairytales.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）他看來(lái)好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來(lái)似的。Itseemsasifitwerespringalready，butit’sonlyFebruary.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）才二月份，就好像是春天了。2）可用于“It+系動(dòng)詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem,appear等,不可用be,look。Itseemedthathehadmadesomeseriousmistakesinhiswork.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。Itappearedthathewastalkingtohimself.好像他在自言自語(yǔ)。3）能用不定式作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有：be,seem,get,look,appear,prove,grow。Herjobistolookafterthechildren.她的工作是照料孩子們。Heseemsnottolookafterthechildren.他好像不是她的父親。Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。4）能與there連用的系動(dòng)詞有：be,appear,seem。Thereappearedtobeonlyoneroom.那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間?！菊Z(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練】（一）選擇填空1.Mybrother____ateacher.He____hispupilsverymuch.A.is,like B.is,likes C.are,likes D.are,like2.A:Howmanydays____thereinaweek?B:There____seven.A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is3.I____tiredlastnight.A.became B.felt C.looked D.am4.Herface____pale（蒼白）whensheheardthebadnews.A.got B.is C.turned D.was5.You____pale.What'swrongwithyou?A.turn B.seem C.look D.become6.Theboy____illtoday.A.are B.is C.be D.am7.Which____bigger,thesunorthemoon?A.are B.is C.be D.×8.NeithershenorI____adoctor.A.amnot B.am C.are D.is9.I____aworkernextyear.A.am B.willbe C.be D.will10.Hervoice____likemymother's.A.sounds B.sound C.looks D.look11.Itoftenrainsandthecrops____fast.A.get B.turn C.grow D.become12.A:Howareyou____now?B:Muchbetter,thankyou.A.getting B.feeling C.making D.turning13.Theteacher'ssmilemademe____better.A.feel B.tofeel C.feeling D.felt14.MyEnglishteacher____.A.alllookyoung B.looksyoungC.lookyoung D.alllooksyoung15.I____busynow,butI____freenextweek.A.am,am B.am,will C.am,willbe D.being,willbe16.I____atthisschoolforabouttwomonths.A.am B.willbe C.havebeen D.was17.Mybrother____intheLeagueforaboutfiveyears.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.was D.is18.Cometomyofficeifyou____freetomorrow.A.are B.willbe C.was D.is19.Ifwater____heated,itwillbe____intovapour（蒸氣）.A.was,turned B.is,turned C.is.get D.was,got20.Ifyoudon'ttakebackwhatyoujustsaid,Mother____angry.A.is B.willbe C.get D.feels21.Neitherofus____adoctor.A.am B.are C.is D.were22.He____afamouswriter.A.turns B.become C.hasbecome D.hasturned23.Thegirl'sface____red.A.turned B.got C.feel D.look24.He____veryglad.A.looked B.turned C.feel D.looks25.Theflowers____fragrant（芳香）.A.get B.smells C.smell D.feels26.Thetable____verysmooth.A.look B.turn C.feels D.smell27.Jack____youngerthanTom.A.look B.feel C.feels D.looks28.Shelooks____.A.happy B.tobehappy C.happily D.thatsheishappy（二）用smell，taste，go，get，become，grow，seem，look，feel，turn的適當(dāng)形式填空1.You____veryyoung.2.Atfirstthosequestions____easy,butlaterIfoundthemdifficult.3.Afterthesportsmeeting,he____verytired.4.Myyoungerbrother____astudentlastyear.5.Whenwe____up,we'regoingtohelpbuildupourcountry.6.Theflowers____verysweet.7.Herface____red.8.Jack____veryhappy.9.Themooncake____good.10.Themeat____bad.（三）把下列各句譯成英語(yǔ)1.她看起來(lái)很年輕。2.天色漸黑，咱們回家吧。3.他好象匆忙的樣子。4.為什么他感到悲傷？5.我祖母的頭發(fā)變白了。6.約翰成了一名好學(xué)生。7.1995年我哥哥成了一名解放軍戰(zhàn)士。8.他來(lái)看我時(shí)，我在生病。9.整天工作后，湯姆感覺(jué)又餓又累。10.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)好消息時(shí)，她的臉色變紅。11.他的答案似乎正確。課后作業(yè)一、選擇填空：1.Mum,whatareyoucooking?It__________sosweet.A.tastesB.feelsC.soundsD.smells2.Youcanironyourownshirts,__________?A.doyouB.don’tyouC.canyouD.can’tyou3.Whenpeople__________old,theycan’tdothingsveryquickly.A.makeB.getC.takeD.do4.Doyouhaveanytrouble__________theworkintime?A.finishB.tofinishC.finishingD.finished5.__________myfathercan’tcometomyschoolevents.Idon’tmind.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.But6.Iam________________(happy,happily).7.Heis_______________(successful,successfully).8.Lucyis_______________(kind,kindly).二．語(yǔ)法選擇（15分）Onceuponatime,therewasasmalltown.Andtherewasacavenearthetown.Peoplecalled___1___the“CaveofFear”.Manypeoplehadexploredintothecave___2___noonehadeverreturnedfromthere.Sopeoplelivedinterror.Theywereafraid___3___themonsterwouldleavethecaveoneday.Sincethen,noonewenttothecaveanymore.Manyyears___4___,ayoungmancametothetownoneday.Heheard_____5_____thesituationofthecave,hedecidedtoenterthecaveand_____6_____themonster.Theyoungmanwanted______7______persontogowithhim,buteveryonewas_______8_______afraidthatasinglepersongotnearthemouthofthecavewithhim.Theyoungmannevergaveup.Hewentinsidethecavealone.Suddenly,hefeltsomethinghithim_____9_____ontheback.Thispushedhimforwardtowardsaholeintherock.He_____10_____avoidit,andfellthrough.Hethoughthewasaboutto_____11_____.However,ashefell,heheardmusic,andvoices.Theygot_______12_______whenhereachedclosertothebottomofthecave.Heheardagroupofpeopleshout,“Surprise!”Itwas______13______bigparty!Thepartygoerswereallthosepeople_____14_____hadneverreturnedtothetown.Theyexplainedtohimthatthisplacehadbeentheideaofanoldmayorofthetown.Thatmayorhadtriedtodo_____15_____greatthings,butwasalwaysheldbackbythefearsofthepeoplearoundhim.Sohecreatedthestoryofthemonster.Hewantedtotellpeoplethatfearwouldstopyourwaytoexploration.1.A.itself B.it C.its D.it’s2.A.if B.or C.but D.however3.A.that B.where C.how D.whether4.A.after B.ago C.past D.later5.A.from B.about C.on D.for6.A.met B.willmeet C.meeting D.meet7.A.another B.other C.others D.theother8.A.very B.so C.such D.even9.A.hardly B.harder C.hard D.hardest10.A.mustn’t B.couldn’t C.can’tDwouldn’t11.A.die B.death C.dead D.dying12.A.clear B.clearer C.clearest D.clearly13.A.a B.an C.the D./14.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom15.A.alot B.few C.alittle D.some閱讀理解（4篇，每題2分共40分）ALiShizhen(李時(shí)珍)wasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinesehistory.HewasborninQichun,Hubeiin1518.BothofLiShizhen’sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwhotraveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs(藥草)andmedicationsandcured(治愈)people.Hisfatherwasdoctorwhowroteseveralbooks.LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen’sfatherwantedhimtoenterpolitics(從政).LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecountry-levelexamination,buthewasneverabletopasstheimperial(帝國(guó)的)examination.Whenhewas38,hecuredthesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt(宮廷)Afewyearslater,hebecameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.Eventhoughhefulfilledhisfather’sdreamhedidn'twanttocontinueworkingforthecourt.Oneyearlater,heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.LiShizhen.wasfamousforhisbook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica《本草綱目》).Hespent27yearswritingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissuchasuccessfulbook.NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.26.WhatwasLiShizhe’sgrandfather?A.Anofficial. B.Aprince. C.Acountrydoctor. D.Awriter.27.WhatdidLiShizhen’sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?A.Tobeadoctor. B.Towriteabook. C.Tobeaprince. D.Toenterpolitics.28.Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured_.A.hisgrandfather B.thesonofthePrinceofChuC.anofficialinthatcountry D.afamousdoctor29.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?A.Workingforthecourt. B.Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica.C.Hislongtraveling. D.Curingalotofpeople.30.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.LiShizhen’slife. B.LiShizhen’sgrandfather’slife.C.LiShizhen’sfather’slife. D.LiShizhen’sbook.BRecently,ajuniorhighschoolsentseveralstudentsbackhomebecausetheybroketheschooluniform（校服）rules.Shouldstudentswearschooluniforms?TheYoungWorldmagazineheldadiscussiononthistopic（話題）.Kennedy:Theschooluniformisveryimportant,becauseitalwaysremindsmethatIamsupposedtogooutofmywaytostudyhard.Italsohelpspreventschoolbullying（欺凌）.Ifeveryonewearsthesameclothes,itisimpossibletolaughatotherpeople’sclothing.Manson:Theuniformhastobeearned（獲得）throughefforts.Studentsshouldstartschoolwithnouniforms.Astheymakeprogressatschool