名詞性從句Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句

名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語(yǔ)從句)AppositiveClause（同位語(yǔ)從句）ObjectClause（賓語(yǔ)從句）PredicativeClause（表語(yǔ)從句）1.從屬連詞：that(無(wú)詞義，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)

if/whether(有詞義“是否”，但不充當(dāng)任何成分)2.連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever（有詞義，在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)）3．連接副詞：when,where,why,how,howmany,howlong,however,whenever,wherever…

（有詞義，在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句

（NounClausesastheSubject）

定義：用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what和which；連接副詞when,where,how和why。主語(yǔ)從句1.連接代詞what(什么,所…的)who(m)(誰(shuí),他/她)which(哪/那個(gè))whose(誰(shuí)的)2.連接副詞when(什么時(shí)候,…的時(shí)間)where(什么地方,…的地點(diǎn))why(為什么,…的原因)how(怎樣,如何,…的方式)howlong,howmany,howmuch,howfar,howsoon,howoften3.連接詞whether（是否）that（無(wú)詞義）在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)在從句作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式在從句中不作任何成分

主語(yǔ)從句的分類1）從屬連詞：that，whether等.that

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義，在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。

Thatpeoplecutdowntoomanytrees

destroyedthebalanceofnature.Thathewillcomeiscertain.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.2).連接代詞who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever

Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whichstudentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.3)連接副詞when，where，how，why等。Why

theysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.When

theywillsetoffisnotdecided.Where

sheisfromisunknown.How

wewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.When在從句中作狀語(yǔ)————————————————isunderdiscussion.Whenwewillbeginthemeeting1).————————————iscertain.（我們將遲到了）2).________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3).________________________isapity(你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次機(jī)會(huì))

ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance2.whether是否，表不確定的事情.主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的問(wèn)題Thatweshallbelate————————hurtshimsomuch.（她離開他）1.that只起引導(dǎo)作用不充當(dāng)成分,但不能省略沒(méi)有意義。Thatshelefthim__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否會(huì)來(lái)這）1)Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)דif”不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句2).如果主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但是如果用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo).或把if改為whether誤：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful..Itwasnotclearwhether

thesolidshapewouldlastornot.SubjectClauseSubjectFormedSubjectWhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear.Real引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語(yǔ)的whether/if都可以.Conclusion:ifIf×

what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)．賓語(yǔ)．表語(yǔ)，而that則不然。例如：

1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat2.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______the

teacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat注意：1.“if”不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)。3.主語(yǔ)從句的“that”一般不能省。4.“what”引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：

1）常與其后的名詞作表語(yǔ)一致2）根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)境而定。

主語(yǔ)從句需注意的問(wèn)題2.主語(yǔ)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)序Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.主語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

1．______theyaremostinterestedinishowtheycanproducemoreandbettercars.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhatD.That2．______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4.______surprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell..A.ThatB.WhatC.ThatD.WhenCBCB5.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If…doB.That…doC.If…doesD.That…does6.It________Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthat B.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat7.It‘suncertain(不確定）________theexhibitionwillbeholdinShanghai.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how8.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.WhichDCAD9____wecan'thaveseemsbetterthanthatwehave.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.whose10.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.Who C.That D.Whether11.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If.B.WhetherC.ThatD.Where12._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedby(由……決定）

theCEO.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.WhoCBDA13._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That14._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody15._______teamwillwinthematchisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.HowAAC17.

_______theycansolvethequestionisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhichC.WhetherD.What18._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybody.A.WhyB.WhatC.ThatD.Who19.____isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It16._____weneedmorepracticeisquiteobvious.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD./Completethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,

when，who,why,how

or

that.1.(_____isneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.3.(_____wewillgotomorrow)hasn’t

beendecidedyet.2.(______theywillarrive)hasbeentoldtotheteacher.4.(______canjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher.5.(________itwillrainornot)isnotclear.7.(______theearthisasolidball)isknowntousall.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWhoWhetherThat6.(____theearthisbecomingwarm)isagoodtopicforresearch.Why主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：

找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)規(guī)律例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.規(guī)律一、主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。正：Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：

例2.Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正：Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.規(guī)律二、連詞that在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義，但不能省略。主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：例3.Ifthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.正：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.規(guī)律三、whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，放在句首，但if不能主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：例4.

Thatwhetherhewillhelpothersisafact.正：Thathewillhelpothersisafact.規(guī)律四、主語(yǔ)從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：例5.Whenhewillcomeareapuzzle.正：Whenhewillcomeisapuzzle.規(guī)律五、含主語(yǔ)從句的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。主語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律：1.Whatheneedsisthatbook.2.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.規(guī)律六、what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，可根據(jù)表語(yǔ)決定主句動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)律七、主語(yǔ)從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)

象，用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而

把從句放在后面。

Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.

Itisknowntoallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.【常見錯(cuò)誤展示】下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正并分析錯(cuò)誤的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat雖無(wú)詞義但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)不能省略。Whetherif,whether都可表示“是否”,但if不能引導(dǎo)位于主句之前的主語(yǔ)從句，它可以引導(dǎo)位于主句之后帶有形式主語(yǔ)it的主語(yǔ)從句。3.Thattheprofessorsaidisofgreatimportance.4.Wherewillthetreesbeplantedhasnotbeendecided.Whatthat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義。Whattheprofessorsaid表示“教授所說(shuō)的”。將will置于trees之后。主語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。5.Nomatterwhobreakstherulewillbepunished.6.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldstillremainaquestion.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)二者可互換，但引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用whoever。Whoever主語(yǔ)從句表示單一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。remain7.Whatwereyourproblemsayearagohasnowbecomemine.8.Itwasrequestedthateveryonemadeaspeechatthemeeting.has要改為have。主語(yǔ)從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。have在“Itisrequested/ordered/suggested+that從句”中，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。(should)make1.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江2008)A.Anyone B.Theone C.Whoever D.Who2.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.(2007全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)What B.Why C.Where D.Which高考鏈接3.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(上海2002春)A.What B.That C.This D.Which4.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(NMET1996)A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how解析:what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中做do的賓語(yǔ)6.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat__Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(2004上海)A.asB.whichC.whatD.that解析:Ithought是插入語(yǔ),可以把它去掉不考慮。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句作at的賓語(yǔ)。7.___intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.（2005上海）

A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires解析:“Itisrequiredthat…”是一個(gè)固定句式,it作形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。8.___the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.[高考真題]A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That答案是C?！?000年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否在北京舉行還不知道。”9.___hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.[高考真題]A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter答案是C?！八跁?huì)上的發(fā)言使到會(huì)的每一個(gè)人都感到驚訝”what表示“(所說(shuō)的話)”,相當(dāng)于Thewords(that+/which)hesaidatthemeeting…10.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.[高考真題]A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who答案是C?！罢l(shuí)最后離開房間應(yīng)關(guān)燈?！眞hoever意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。若選A或B,anyone或theperson后應(yīng)回who,使其成為由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾anyone或person.注：這些詞還可引導(dǎo)副詞性從句。11.___hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.[高考真題]A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What答案是B。“他變成了富翁,這是我們鎮(zhèn)上下班人人皆知的事?！备鶕?jù)句意,須用that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。that在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,只起連接作用。12.___Ineedismoretime.A.ThatB.WhatC./D.Which答案是B?！拔宜枰氖歉嗟臅r(shí)間?！备鶕?jù)題意,應(yīng)選what引志的主語(yǔ)從句,what在職從句中作賓語(yǔ)(what=thethingwhich).主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略,故排除C。which表示“哪一個(gè)”,that無(wú)詞義,都與句意不符,故排除。13.______isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.（福建2008）A.It B.WhatC.As D.Which[點(diǎn)撥]what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并且在從句中作sayanddo的賓語(yǔ)。用that/whether/if//where/how/when/why/who/what/which/howmuch/etc.

來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)從句.Summary:SubjectClause3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語(yǔ)的whether/if都可以.2.That在主語(yǔ)從句中不能省略.4.有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.5.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)從句后置!

為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ).Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由連詞whether和if,連接代詞what，who，which和連接副詞when，where，why，how等引導(dǎo),也常常后置。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.

注解：一般來(lái)說(shuō)主語(yǔ)從句都是放在

,但有時(shí)為了使句子

,避免”頭重腳輕”,常用

作

，從而把主語(yǔ)從句放在

．

_____theyarebadlyinneedofhelpisobvious.

isobviousthattheyarebadlyinneedofhelp.③Has

beenannouncedwhentheplanewilltakeoff?(That/It)

句首保持平衡

it

形式主語(yǔ)后面ThatIt

it

homework

correct1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Ifthepolicemanwillcomeisno