現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（Presentperfect）過(guò)去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done)①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).②否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).③一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ).④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他）定義：（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果（3）在過(guò)去不確定的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。但過(guò)去分詞一定要選擇準(zhǔn)確。[編輯本段]過(guò)去分詞

AAA式的過(guò)去分詞：[編輯本段]規(guī)則動(dòng)詞1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將"y"變?yōu)?i"，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞burn---burnt---burnt1hidehidhiden隱藏2forgetforgotforgoten忘記3seesawseen看見(jiàn)4taketooktaken[編輯本段]不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：AAA型原型過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞burstburstburstcastcastcastcostcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtputputputsetsetsetshutshutshut

spreadspreadspreadletletletreadreadreadledledledAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome特殊情況readreadreadread原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/,過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞發(fā)音為/red/ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuilt

burnburntburntcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundfeedfedfedgetgotgothanghunghunghearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlaylaidlaidleadledledloselostlostleaveleftleftlendlentlent

makemademademeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsellsoldsoldshootshotshotsaysaidsaidsitsatsatstandstoodstoodshineshoneshonesweepsweptsweptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwonABC型

beginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosendrawdrewdrawndrivedrovedrivendrinkdrankdrunkflyflewflownforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozengivegavegivengrowgrewgrownknowknewknownrideroderiddenriseroserisenringrangrung

shakeshookshakensingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumthrowthrewthrownwritewrotewrittentaketooktakenwearworeworn[編輯本段]用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過(guò)或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavespentallofmymoney.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子）連用.①for+時(shí)段②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從……以來(lái)）③since+時(shí)段+ago④since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）●⑤Itis+時(shí)段+since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.●注：瞬間動(dòng)詞（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接與forsince連用。要改變動(dòng)詞come/arrive/reach/getto-----beingoout----beoutfinish----beoveropen----beopendie----bedead………………

★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall(get)ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wakeup6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞

1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代getup3“be＋back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be＋介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞1.“bein/at+地點(diǎn)”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地點(diǎn)”代替mo