AP(? absolutelyconvergentadjantiderivative,n不定積分binomialtheoremnchainrule,n鏈規(guī)則calculusnconditionallyconvergentadjcontinuity,n連續(xù)convergevdefiniteintegralnderivative,n導(dǎo)數(shù)differentialcoefficient,n微分differentialequation,n微分方程directionalderivativendiverge,v發(fā)散divergencengradient,n梯度implicitdifferentiationnimplicitfunction,n隱函數(shù)improperintegralnintegrable,adj可積的integral,n積分integrationbypartsnleft-handlimit,n左極限limitnlocalmaximumnlocalminimumnmethodoflagrangemultipliersnmultipleintegral,n多重積分partialderivativenpolarcoordinates,n極坐標(biāo)powerseries,n冪級(jí)數(shù)right-handlimit,n右極限r(nóng)otation,n旋度seriesnsubstitutionrulentableofintegrals,n積分表taylor’sformulanthree-dimensionalanalyticgeometryntotaldifferential,n全微分trigonometricsubstitutionnabsolutelyconvergent絕對(duì)收斂absolutevalue絕對(duì)值algebraicfunctionanalyticgeometry解析幾何antiderivative不定積分approximateintegrationapproximation近似法、逼近法arbitraryconstant任意常數(shù)arithmeticseries/progression(AP)算數(shù)級(jí)數(shù)asymptotesverticalandhorizontal)(垂直/水平)漸近線averagerateofchange平均變化率basebinomialtheorem二項(xiàng)式定理，二項(xiàng)展開(kāi)式Cartesiancoordinatessystem笛卡兒坐標(biāo)系Cauch’sMeanValueTheorem柯西均值定理chainrulecalculus微積分學(xué)closedintervalintegralcoefficient系數(shù)compositefunctionconchoid蚌線continuity(函數(shù)的)連續(xù)性concavity(函數(shù)的)凹凸性conditionallyconvergentcontinuity連續(xù)性criticalpoint臨界點(diǎn)cubicfunctioncylindricalcoordinatesdecreasingfunction遞減函數(shù)decreasingsequence遞減數(shù)列definiteintegral定積分derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)determinantdifferentialcoefficientdifferentialequation微分方程directionalderivative方向?qū)?shù)discontinuity不連續(xù)性discriminant(二次函數(shù))判別式diskmethod圓盤(pán)法divergence散度divergentdomain定義域dotproductdoubleintegralellipse橢圓ellipsoid橢圓體epicycloid外擺線Euler'smethodBC)歐拉法expectedvalued期望值exponentialfunctionextremevalueheoremfactorial階乘finiteseriesfundamentaltheoremofcalculusgeometricseries/progression(GP)幾何級(jí)數(shù)gradient梯度Greenformulahalf-angleformulasharmonicseries調(diào)和級(jí)數(shù)helix螺旋線higherderivative高階導(dǎo)數(shù)horizontalasymptotehorizontalline水平線hyperbola雙曲線hyperboloidimplicitdifferentiationimplicitfunction隱函數(shù)ncrement增量increasingfunction增函數(shù)indefiniteintegralindependentvariable自變數(shù)inequality不等式ndeterminateform不定型infinitepoint無(wú)窮極限infiniteseries無(wú)窮級(jí)數(shù)infiniteseries無(wú)限級(jí)數(shù)inflectionpoint(POI)拐點(diǎn)initialcondition初始條件instantaneousrateofchangeintegrable可積的integral積分integrandintegration積分integrationbypartintercept截距intermediatevalueofTheoreminversefunction反函數(shù)irrationalfunction無(wú)理函數(shù)iteratedintegral逐次積分Laplacetransformlawofcosines余弦定理leastupperbound最小上界left-handderivative左導(dǎo)數(shù)left-handlimit左極限L'Hospital'srulelimacon蚶線linearapproximationlinearequation線性方程式linearfunction線性函數(shù)linearity線性linearizationlocalmaximumlocalminimumlogarithmicfunction對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)MacLaurinseries麥克勞林級(jí)數(shù)meanvaluetheoremMVT)中值定理minimum最小值methodoflagrangemultipliersmodulus絕對(duì)值multipleintegralmultiple倍數(shù)multiplieroctant卦限openintervalintegraloptimization優(yōu)化法，極值法origin原點(diǎn)orthogonalparametricequation(BC)參數(shù)方程partialderivative偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partialdifferentialequationpartialfractions部分分式piece-wisefunctionparabolaparaboliccylinderparaboloid：拋物面parallelepiped平行六面體parallellines并行線parameter：參數(shù)partialintegrationpartiton：分割periodperiodicfunctionperpendicularlinespiecewisedefinedfunctionplane平面pointofinflectionpoint-slopeform點(diǎn)斜式polaraxis極軸polarcoordinates極坐標(biāo)polarequationpole極點(diǎn)polynomial多項(xiàng)式powerseriesproductrulequadrant象限quadraticfunctionsquotientrule商的求導(dǎo)法則radical根式radiusofconvergencerange值域(relatedrateofchangewithtimerationalfunction有理函數(shù)reciprocalremaindertheorem余數(shù)定理Riemannsum黎曼和Riemanniangeometryright-handlimit右極限Rolle'stheoremroot根rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)secantlinesecondderivativesecondderivativetestsecondpartialderivative二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù)seriessinefunction正弦函數(shù)singularity奇點(diǎn)slantslantasymptoteslope斜率slope-interceptequationofalinesmoothcurve平滑曲線smoothsurface平滑曲面solidofrevolutionsymmetry對(duì)稱(chēng)性tangentfunction正切函數(shù)tangentline切線tangentplane切(平)面tangentvector切矢量taylor'sseriesthree-dimensionalanalyticgeometrytotaldifferentiation全微分(二 Chapter4.AP(? AssociationBarchartBivariatedataBoxplot盒式圖Conditionalprobability條件概率Continuousdata連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)，取自某個(gè)區(qū)間Continuousrandomvariable連續(xù)隨機(jī)變量Correlationisnotcausation相關(guān)關(guān)系不意味著因果關(guān)系Discretedata離散數(shù)據(jù)DiscreterandomvariableDotplotFive5)-numbersummary5minvalue,Q1,median,Q3,maxvalueHistogram直方圖InterquartilerangeLeast-squaresregressionlineLineofbestfit最佳擬合線Marginalandjointfrequencies（雙向表中的）邊際頻數(shù)和聯(lián)合頻數(shù)Mean平均值MedianModeNegativelyassociatedOutlier異常值Percentilerank百分位秩PositivelyassociatedProportion比值CategoricaldataQualitativedataNumericaldata=Quantitativedata定量數(shù)據(jù)用數(shù)字描述的數(shù)據(jù)Quartiles四分位秩，即數(shù)據(jù)系列的25%、50%、75%位置的數(shù)據(jù)Range全距，最大值與最小值之差ResidualResistantstatisticScatterplot散點(diǎn)圖Skewed歪斜的非對(duì)稱(chēng)分布，如Skewedtotheright尾部向右延伸Standarddeviation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差Stemplotstem-and-leafplot)Symmetric對(duì)稱(chēng)的Uniform均勻分布UnivariatedataVariance方差Block（模塊Blockdesign（模塊化）設(shè)計(jì)Census普查CompletelyrandomizeddesignConfoundingvariable混淆變量Doubleblind雙盲Experimentalunits實(shí)驗(yàn)單位ExplanatoryvariableMatchedpairs成對(duì)MatchedpairsdesignObservationalstudy觀察研究ObservedvaluesOutcome結(jié)果Probabilitysample概率抽樣，一種隨機(jī)抽樣技術(shù)Randomization隨機(jī)化Randomsample隨機(jī)抽樣ResponsevariableSamplesurvey抽樣調(diào)查SimplerandomsampleStatistic（樣本的）統(tǒng)計(jì)量StratifiedrandomsampleSubjects試驗(yàn)對(duì)象，特指人SurveyTreatmentvariable處理變量Undercoveragebias覆蓋面偏差VoluntaryresponsebiasBinomialdistribution二項(xiàng)分布CentrallimittheoremComplementofanevent互補(bǔ)事件Degreesoffreedom自由度DensityfunctionEstimate估計(jì)EventExpectedvalue期望值GeometricdistributionIndependenteventsIndependentvariable獨(dú)立變量MutuallyexclusiveeventsNormalcurve正態(tài)曲線Normaldistribution正態(tài)分布ProbabilitydistributionRandomphenomenon隨機(jī)現(xiàn)象Randomvariable隨機(jī)變量Samplingdistributionofastatistic（比例或者均值）的抽樣分布Standardnormaldistribution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布tdistributionttstatistictAlternativehypothesisnullhypothesisChi-square卡方分布Goodness-of-FitTestConfidenceinterval置信區(qū)間Confidencelevel置信水平Criticalvalue臨界值HomogeneityofproportionsInferentialstatistics推斷統(tǒng)計(jì)MarginoferrorOne-sidedtestp-valuesP值PointestimateRobust強(qiáng)烈的同strongStatisticallysignificant統(tǒng)計(jì)上顯著的Two-sidedalternative雙側(cè)備擇Two-sidedtest雙向檢驗(yàn)Type-Ierror一類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤Type-IIerror二類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤Unbiasedestimate(二 驗(yàn)和置信區(qū)間的核心公式，statistic——樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)量，parameter——總體參數(shù)，criticalvalue——根據(jù)置信水平（t分布中還要考慮自由度）zscoretscore。樣本&z、ttσs回歸線的斜率t分布時(shí)，df=n-2;AP(? MesoamericaMayflowerCompact五月花號(hào)公約CityonaHillSalemWitchTrialsBacon’sRebellion培根叛亂TreatyofParis巴黎條約Antinomianism廢棄道德律論;唯信仰論Indenturedservants契約仆人Mercantilism重商主義Proclamationof17631763宣言CommitteesofcorrespondenceEnlightenment啟蒙主義Virginiaplan弗吉尼亞方案NewJerseyplan新澤?方案SeditionFactions派系StatesRights州權(quán)利JudicialReviewTreatyofGhentMonroeDoctrine?羅主義TrailofTears血淚之路Spoilsystem分贓系統(tǒng)MaysvilleroadvetoTariffofAbominations可惡的關(guān)稅法案Americansystem亨利·克雷的美國(guó)系統(tǒng)EmbargoNullification州對(duì)聯(lián)邦法令的拒絕執(zhí)行(或承認(rèn))AmericanColonizationSocietyWilmotProviso威爾莫特但書(shū)PopularSovereigntyFugitiveSlaveLawMormonsNativism排外主義FreeSoil無(wú)奴隸制度BorderStatesCarpetbaggers美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后利用南方不定局勢(shì)謀利的人ScalawagsSharecropper佃農(nóng)SocialGospel社會(huì)福音SalvationArmy救世軍CraftUnions技術(shù)工人工會(huì)GildedAge鍍金時(shí)代PoliticalMachineTrust托拉斯BullMoosePartyFederalReserveactOpendoorpolicy?戶開(kāi)放政策BoxerRebellion義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)RooseveltCorollary羅斯福推論TreatyofVersailles凡爾賽條約Anarchist無(wú)政府主義者Feminism女權(quán)主義Ghetto貧?窟Irreconcilable勢(shì)不兩立的Isolationism孤立主義PollTax人頭稅ReferendumPrimary初選ManifestDestinyDeficitSpending赤字支出Deflation通貨緊縮Recession經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退Subsidy補(bǔ)助津貼WelfareStateDisarmamentNeutrality中立Lend-leaseAct租借法案SphereofInfluenceSuezCrisis蘇伊士運(yùn)河危機(jī)U-2IncidentU2偵察機(jī)事件BayofPigsInvasion豬灣入侵CubanMissileCrisisPeaceCorpsVietcongGulfofTonkinResolutionTetOffensive春節(jié)攻勢(shì)SALTStrategicArmsLimitationsTalks(美國(guó)與前蘇聯(lián)之間的)限制戰(zhàn)略武器談判ABMTreaty反導(dǎo)條約ArabOilEmbargo阿拉伯石油禁運(yùn)Solidarity(波蘭的)團(tuán)結(jié)工會(huì)IranianHostageCrisisGlasnost俄語(yǔ)公開(kāi)性；開(kāi)放Perestroika俄語(yǔ)改革(指八十年代前蘇聯(lián)的經(jīng)濟(jì)及政府機(jī)構(gòu)的新調(diào)整)Containment遏制Détente緩和Doctrine主義ReaganomicsBabyBoom嬰兒潮Stagflation經(jīng)濟(jì)滯脹AP(? BasiceconomicconceptsProductionpossibilitiesfrontier：生產(chǎn)可能性邊界（與生產(chǎn)可能性曲線相同）Comparativeadvantage：相對(duì)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)absoluteadvantage：絕對(duì)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)marketequilibrium：市場(chǎng)均衡businesscycle：經(jīng)濟(jì)周期unemploymentinflation：通貨膨脹growth：增長(zhǎng)MeasurementofEconomicPerformanceNationalincomeaccounts：國(guó)民收入賬戶Circularflow：經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)Grossdomesticproduct：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）Realgrossdomesticproduct：實(shí)際GDPNominalgrossdomesticproduct：名義GDPPriceindices價(jià)格指數(shù)NaturalrateofunemploymentAggregatedemand：總需求Aggregatesupply：總供給Sticky：黏性Flexible：自由伸縮性Stagflation：滯脹Actualoutput：實(shí)Economicfluctuations：經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)FinancialSectorTimevalueofmoney：貨幣的時(shí)間價(jià)值moneysupply：貨幣供給Moneydemand：貨幣需求creationofmoney：貨幣的創(chuàng)造Moneymarket：貨幣市場(chǎng)LoanablefundsmarketQuantitytheoryofmoney：貨幣數(shù)量論Realinterestrate：實(shí)際利率nominalrate：名義利率Inflation,Unemployment,andStabilizationPolicies20–30%)Fiscalpolicy：財(cái)政政策M(jìn)onetarypolicy：貨幣政策Governmentdebt：政府債務(wù)Demand-pullinflation：需求拉動(dòng)型通貨膨脹Cost-pushinflation：成本推動(dòng)型通貨膨脹ThePhillipscurve：菲利普斯曲線(humancapitalInvestmentinhumancapital：人力資本投資Investmentinphysicalcapital：物質(zhì)資本投資Researchanddevelopment：研發(fā)technologicalprogress：技術(shù)進(jìn)步OpenEconomyInternationalTradeandFinance10–15%Balanceofpaymentsaccounts：收支賬戶平衡Balanceoftrade：貿(mào)易平衡Currentaccount：經(jīng)常賬戶Capitalaccount：資本賬戶Foreignexchangemarket：外匯市場(chǎng)Exchangerate：匯率Currencyappreciation：貨幣升值Currencydepreciation：貨幣貶值Netexport：凈出口Accountingprofit：會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)Economicprofit：經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)Depreciationrate：折舊率Automaticstabilizers：自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定器Propensitytoconsume：消費(fèi)傾向Averagepropensitytoconsume：平均消費(fèi)傾向Marginalpropensitytoconsume：邊際消費(fèi)傾向Budgetconstraints：預(yù)算制約Budgetsurpluses：預(yù)算盈余Budgetdeficits：預(yù)算赤字Balancesheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Base-yearprices：基年價(jià)格Closedeconomies：封閉經(jīng)濟(jì)Openeconomies：開(kāi)放經(jīng)濟(jì)GDPdeflator：GDP平減指數(shù)CPI：消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)Shock： Discountingrate：折現(xiàn)率Presentvalue：現(xiàn)值Discouragedworkers：?jiǎn)适判牡墓と薉isposableincome：可支配收入Disposablepersonalincome：個(gè)人可支配收入Economicfluctuation：經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)Actualexpenditures：實(shí)際支出Plannedexpenditure：計(jì)劃支出Excessreserves：超額準(zhǔn)備金Fixedexchangerates：固定匯率Floatingexchangerates：浮動(dòng)匯率Factorprices：要素價(jià)格Factorsofproduction：生產(chǎn)要素Federalreserve：美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)Fiatmoney：法定貨幣Fisherequation：費(fèi)雪方程式Fishereffect：費(fèi)雪效應(yīng)Structuralunemployment：結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)Seasonallyunemployment：季節(jié)性失業(yè)Cyclicallyunemployment：周期性失業(yè)Frictionalunemployment：摩擦性失業(yè)Inflationtax：通貨膨脹稅Marginalproduct：邊際產(chǎn)量Marketclearing：市場(chǎng)出清Shoe-leathercost：鞋底成本Menucost：菜單成本Netcapitaloutflow：資本凈流出Netforeigninvestment：國(guó)外凈投資Productionfunction：生產(chǎn)函數(shù)Reserverequirement：法定準(zhǔn)備率Stabilizationpolicy：穩(wěn)定政策 GreatDepression：大蕭條Velocityofmoney：貨幣流通速度Wagerigidity：工資剛性(二 ScarcityResourceslaborlandComparativeadvantageabsoluteadvantageopportunitycost機(jī)會(huì)成本anoutwardbow向外彎曲ThePrincipleofIncreasingCost機(jī)會(huì)成本遞增規(guī)律Specialization專(zhuān)業(yè)化serviesonavoluntarybasis(自愿基礎(chǔ)上)Equitable公平的Fundamental基礎(chǔ)的Constant持續(xù)的，不變的EquilibriumQuantitypriceincrease/decrease增加/減少shifttotheleftamovementalongthecurvedeterminants決定因素，影響因素tastepreference口味，偏好expectationofincomesubstitute/complement替代品/互補(bǔ)品Necessity/Luxury必需品/奢侈品NormalgoodsinferiorgoodsExpenditure消費(fèi)，支出tax/subsidy稅/補(bǔ)助Simultaneous同時(shí)的Priceceiling/pricefloorGasoline汽油steak牛排InputBelow/above在……下/在……上Effective有效的efficient有效率的PriceElasticityofDemandPriceElasticityofSupplyIncomeElasticityofDemandcrosselasticityofdemand交叉需求彈性Proportion比例TradeTaxtaxrevenueT*Q,distributionoftaxburdenaper-unit(anexcise)salestax每賣(mài)出一件收取TalumpsumtaxT——可以理解成罰款pricewithouttax不收稅時(shí)的價(jià)格pricebuyerspaypricesellersreceiveTariff關(guān)稅Consumer/producersurplusdeadweightlossExport出口,import進(jìn)口DomesticpriceworldpriceNetgain凈收益deriveddemandFactors要素：Labor勞力capital資本land土 MRPmarginalrevenueproduct邊際產(chǎn)量值MPmarginal(physical)product邊際產(chǎn)量Wagetaker指企業(yè)只能接受市場(chǎng)工資水平Immigration移民 ProductivityLeisure休閑，閑暇Lorenzcurve曲線 Marketfailure市場(chǎng)失靈Negative負(fù)positive正externalityspillovereffectsallocateresourcesefficiently有效配置資源MarginalSocialBenefitMSCRemedypolicyactionInternalize內(nèi)部化ImposeataxusesubsidyPublicgoodsprivategoodsPreventfromdoing排除，阻止RivalExcludableexcludeNeitherconsumersnorproducers，otherthanthebuyersandsellersChemicalindustry化工企業(yè)Pollutetheair污染空 Nationaldefense國(guó) vaccine疫苗disease疾 firework爆 Incomeeffect收入效應(yīng)Totalutility總效用 realincome收入的實(shí)際購(gòu)買(mǎi) Explicitcosts顯性成本，implicitcosts隱性成本lawofdiminishingmarginalreturns/productefficientscale有效規(guī)模產(chǎn)量(ATC最小時(shí))economiesofscalediseconomiesofscalereturnstoscaleeventually最終Incuraloss導(dǎo)致?lián)p失Profitmaximization利潤(rùn)最大化ImperfectcompetitionPricetakerpricemaker/marketpowerExitshutdownenterentry進(jìn)入(名詞)priceDiscriminationExcessCapacity產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩(有多余產(chǎn)能沒(méi)用上)Productdifferentiation產(chǎn)品差異化，advertisingEfficient,inefficient有效的，無(wú)效的Nobarrierstoentry沒(méi)有進(jìn)入壁壘efficiencymaximizing,sociallyoptimal,allocativelyefficientP=MC或說(shuō)D與MC相交處。AP甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸dec-十二苯benzphen-)萘naphthal-蒽anthrac-菲phenanthr-甲form-(羧酸,醛)乙acet-(羧酸,醛)丙propion-(醛)丁butyr戊pentan-(醛)valer-(羧酸)烷烯alkene二烯-乙丙烯(二 acidapparatus儀器，裝置aqueoussolutionarrangementofelectronsassumption假設(shè)atomicmass原子量atomicnumber原子序數(shù)atomicradius原子半徑atomicstructurebecomposedofbombardment撞擊boundary界限cathoderayscathode-rayoscilloscopeC.R.O)ceramic陶器制品chemicalbehaviour化學(xué)行為chemicalproperty（物質(zhì)在化學(xué)變化中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的性質(zhì)）clockwise順時(shí)針?lè)较虻腸onfiguration構(gòu)型copper銅correspondtocorrosive腐蝕d-blockelementsddeflect使偏向，使轉(zhuǎn)向derivefrom源于deuterium氘diffusemixturedistanceeffect距離效應(yīng)distil蒸餾distinguish區(qū)別distributiondoublycharged(2iondye染料effectofelectriccurrentinsolutionselectricalchargeelectricalfieldelectricallyneutralatomelectricity電electrolysiselectronshielding電子屏蔽emissionspectrum（根據(jù)發(fā)射光源和激發(fā)能量方式所產(chǎn)生的特征電磁波譜）energylevel能態(tài)，能級(jí)（穩(wěn)態(tài)能量，有相同主量數(shù)的電子殼層）fertiliserfirstionisationenergyfluorescentscreen熒光屏fluoride氟化物fuelfundamentalsubstancefuzzy模糊的gas氣體gaseousstategravity重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’suncertaintyprinciplehydrofluoricacid氫氟酸intermsofinnermost最內(nèi)的，最深的interaction相互作用internalstructure內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)interpret解釋eV表示）ioniseJ.JThomson’se/mexperimentLatin拉丁leptonliquid液體magnet磁鐵magneticfield磁場(chǎng)MalteseCrossmarble大理石massnumbermatter物質(zhì)metalfoil金箔meteorite隕星Millikan’soil-drop’ecperimentmodel-building模型建筑narrowbeam狹窄的光線negativeelectrode（cathode）negligible可以忽略的neutron中子nitrate硝酸鹽noblegasnormalpressures常壓nuclearcharge（原子）核電荷nuclearmodelforatomsnuclearreaction核反應(yīng)nucleus（pl.nuclei）Orbital軌道paraffinwax石蠟PeriodicTableplasticspositivecharge（帶有質(zhì)子的物質(zhì)，用絲綢摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上會(huì)產(chǎn)生正電荷）positiveelectrode(anode)陽(yáng)極positivelychargedparticleion)potentialdifference電位predictionprotium氕proton質(zhì)子量子quantummechanicsQuantumTheory量子理論radioactivesource放射源repel排斥repulsion斥力respectivelyrung梯級(jí)scatteringeffectSchr?dingerequation（波動(dòng)）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波動(dòng)性）scintillation火花shellshieldingeffectsimplersubstance（指由同種元素組成的純凈物）solid固體spherespinstablestatemolecularorbitalmolten熔化non-linearmolecule非直線分子non-metallicelementnon-polarmolecule非極性分子non-stickproperties不黏性nylon尼龍,聚酰胺纖維octahedron八面體oppositelychargedelectronoppositelychargedion電性相反的離子outer-shellelectron外層電子oxoniumion(=hydroniumionpolarmolecule極性分子polarisationofions（在陰陽(yáng)離子自身電場(chǎng)作用下，產(chǎn)生誘導(dǎo)偶極，而導(dǎo)致離子的polarizedpoly聚乙烯poly(esterchainpolychlorinatedbiphenylsPCBs（二）苯polymer聚合物,高分子polymerchainprotein蛋白質(zhì)quartzrelativebondstrengthrepulsion斥力ruby紅寶石sapphiresemi-preciousstonesinglebond單鍵slipperysodiumchloridesolidstate固態(tài)soluble可溶sparinglysolublesublime升華(固體不經(jīng)液態(tài)直接轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闅鈶B(tài))sucrose蔗糖surfacetensionsymmetricaldistributiontensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度tetrahedralmolecule四面體分子tetrahedron四面體theδ+andδ-chargesδ+和δ-電荷three-dimensionalarrangement三維排列triangularpyramidalmoleculetrichloromethane三氯甲烷trigonalplanarmoleculetriplebond三鍵unitcellvapourpressurevolatility揮發(fā)性washing-upwaterispeculiarweapon武器δbondδ鍵πbondπ鍵πorbitalπChapter4andantacidtabletatomicradii(＝atomicradius)bariummeal鋇餐BlocksofelementsinthePeriodicTablebrickred磚紅色brilliantwhitishflamebubble泡cameralensescement水泥chalkchemicalspeciesclay黏土，泥土cliffcloudywhiteprecipitatecovalentradius共價(jià)半徑coveredwithalayerofitsoxidecrucible坩堝crumbled-blockddiatomicmoleculedilute稀釋disulphurdichloridedolomite白云石electronegativeelectropositiveevolution（氣體）散出exothermicreactionf-blockf區(qū)filtrationfirework焰火flare照明彈goodconductivityofheatandelectricitygypsum石膏hydrogencarbonate碳酸氫鹽incendiarybomb燃燒彈indigestionremedyLawofOctaves八行周期律（當(dāng)元素按原子量增加的順序排列成以八個(gè)為一組時(shí)，則上下每組LawofTriadslime石灰limewater（水溶液）limelight灰光燈limestone石灰石liquidphase液相magnesiumribbon相同者置于各行之下，由此形成18列，各列元素的化合價(jià)按正規(guī)順序變化）metalhydridemetallicradiusmoltenslag熔渣monatomicion一價(jià)離子mortar灰漿negativeoxidationstateopaque不透，不傳導(dǎo)oxidationoxidationnumberabbreviatedoxno（某元素一個(gè)原子的荷電數(shù)，這種荷電數(shù)由oxidationstateoxidisingagent（得到電子的物質(zhì)）p-blockp區(qū)periodicpatterns周期律periodicity周期性photographicflashbulbphotosynthesis光合作用pitchblende瀝青鈾礦plaster石膏plasterofPairspositiveoxidationstatequicklime生石灰reciprocal倒數(shù)redoxsystemreducingagent（逝去電子的物質(zhì)）reduction還原refractorymaterialrotarykiln回轉(zhuǎn)窯（爐）saturatedsolution飽和溶液s-blocks區(qū)scumsedimentaryrocksiemenspermetreSm-1（西門(mén)singleatom單原子slakedlime（固）solidphase固相suspension懸浮液theoutmostelectronstherisingpartsofthecurvethetrendisuneven趨勢(shì)是不規(guī)則的thermaldecomposition（分）解toxic有毒的tracerbullettrough曲線上的最小值valency化合價(jià)vapourphasevigorous劇烈的Chapteracreamprecipitate米黃色沉淀aerosolpropellantammoniasolution氨水a(chǎn)nomalouspropertiesantiseptic抗菌劑，防腐劑apparent透明的bacteriableach漂白bromineisadarkredliquidgivingoffadenseredvapourcaptureanelectron捕獲一個(gè)電子chlorineisgreenishyellowgascontamination污染covalentdiatomicmoleculecyclohexane環(huán)己烷displacementreaction（由一種單質(zhì)跟一種化合物起反應(yīng),生成另一種單質(zhì)和另一種disproportionationreaction歧化反應(yīng)（又叫electronaffinity（原子保持其離子電荷的親合勢(shì)）fireextinguisher滅火器flammable易燃的fluoridecontroversyfluorineispaleyellowgasfoamingagent起泡劑germicide殺菌劑halide鹵化物halogen鹵族元素，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)鹵素hydratedhalideioninert惰性的iodineinalcoholiodineisashinygrey-blackcrystallinesolidwhichsublimestoapurplevapourliverdamageLubricant滑潤(rùn)劑non-flammable不易燃的organicsolventorgano-chlorine有機(jī)氯ozonelayer臭氧層poisonous有毒的PTFEpolytetrafluoroethenePVC聚氯乙烯solvent溶劑thyroidproblemvolatility揮發(fā)性waterpurificationwaterproofclothing防水布Chapterreactionratesacidity酸性，酸度adsorb吸附aldehydeatnormaltemperaturesandpressuresbasicity堿度；堿性Bung塞camphorcatalyticconvertercelluloid賽璐珞(明膠)chemicalanalysis化學(xué)分析chemicalkineticscolorimeter色度計(jì)colourintensityconcentrationofreactants反應(yīng)物濃度constantrandommotiondesorb解吸esterification酯化exhaustgasesfactorsthataffecttherateofareactiongassyringe氣體注射器glassdeliverytubehomogeneouscatalysis（催化劑與反應(yīng)物在同相中反應(yīng)）intensityoftheradiation照射的強(qiáng)度invertedwater-filledburettelatitude緯度low-energycollisionsnitrocellulose硝化纖維素nitroglycerine硝化甘油oxyacetylenetorch氧乙炔火炬ppb十億分之一（10－10）ppm百萬(wàn)分之一（10－6）pressuresensorratedeterminingstepremoval去除scanningprobemicroscopy(SPMsealedcontainer密閉容器surfaceareatemperaturesensor溫感器（能對(duì)溫度變化作出反應(yīng)）theasymmetricshapeofthecurvethecollisiontheoryofreactivity（Timer計(jì)時(shí)器Chapterequilibrabase堿closedsystemconstancyofmacroscopicpropertiescottonwool脫脂棉fertility肥(沃)度f(wàn)orwardsdirectionirreversibleone-wayreactionkeepthepressureconstant保持恒壓macroscopicpropertiesnailvarnishremoverporousiron多孔的鐵reactionvessel反應(yīng)容器reversedirection反方向reversiblereactionAP物理(? displacementvelocity速度speed速率accelerationforce力normalforce正壓力frictionalforcecoefficientoffrictionairresistance空氣阻力gravitationalforce萬(wàn)有引力tension（繩子或桿的）拉力conservativeforce保守力inertia慣性work功powerkineticenergy動(dòng)能potentialenergymomentum動(dòng)量impulse沖量angulardisplacementangularvelocity角速度escapevelocity逃逸速度angularspeed角速率angularacceleration角加速度tangentialacceleration切向加速度centripetalaccelerationtorque力矩restoringforce恢復(fù)力centripetalforcemomentofinertia（rotationalinertia）rotationalkineticenergy轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)動(dòng)能circularmotionorbit軌道periodfrequencyamplitudeangularfrequency角頻率constantofspringangularmomentum角動(dòng)量centerofmass質(zhì)心mechanicalenergy機(jī)械能free-bodydiagramwork-energytheoremconservationofmechanicalenergyimpulse-momentumtheorem沖量定理conservationofmomentum動(dòng)量守恒conservationofangularmomentum角動(dòng)量守恒ramp斜坡、incline斜面blockdisk圓盤(pán)cart小車(chē)hooplaunchingdeviceprojectile拋射體airtrackspring彈簧simplependulum單擺physicalpendulumpivot轉(zhuǎn)軸pulleyhinge鉸鏈elasticcollision彈性碰撞inelasticcollisionoscillation振動(dòng)simpleharmoni