閱讀理解題型分類練(四)推理判斷題——寫作意圖類A[2022·廈門市高三第二次質(zhì)量檢測]IliveinXizhouinYunnanProvince,onthehistoricTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet,Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.LastMay,ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSichuantoIndiatradingroute),theSouthernSilkRoad,thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake，theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdaysweresimple:walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,getoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus;somegaveusdirections;someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest;somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedonancientpathsthroughmountains,Iseemedtoheartheantiquevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul,Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.1．HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul'stravelplan?A．Scared.B．Puzzled.C．Disappointed.D．Surprised.2．WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromParagraph2?A．HewasaWesternjournalist.B．HehadaknowledgeofChina.C．HecametoChinaseveraltimes.D．HewasJosephRock'sacquaintance.3．WhatdoesParagraph4tellusaboutthewriterandPaul?A．Theyhonoredtheancestors.B．Theysetoffinhighspirits.C．Theysatisfiedthelocals'curiosity.D．Theybuiltbondswithpeople.4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter'swritingthetext?A．Toshareandreflectonajourney.B．Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.C．Toadvocatetheprotectionofbiodiversity.D．TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.B[2022·濟南市高三十校聯(lián)考]Historyneverstopsmoving.Itdevelopsanditisfluid(易變的).Whathistorylooksliketodayisdifferentfromwhatitlookedlikeahundredyearsago,andwhattoday'shistoryinthemakinglookslikenowmaybeseendifferentlyjust20yearsfromnow.Whencombingthepastandthepresentforalistsuchasthe100PeopleWhoChangedtheWorld,therearecriteriatoconsider,tobesure,buttherearenohardandfastrules.Therearejudgmentstobemade,buttherearenocertaintruths.Ourlistwaslessahardeneddocumentthanacurrentcollection—acollectionofmenandwomenwho,forbetterandsometimesforworse,havemadeaclearmarkonourcivilization.Suchalistisbynecessitysubjectiveandopentodeliciousdebate.Butwhilehistorymaybefluid,itdoestendtobeclarifiedovertime.ThesignificanceofAristotleorCatherinetheGreatiseasytoseefromhere.Andcertainly,theimportanceofsomeofhistory'sgreatcharacterssuchasMotherTeresaandPabloPicassowasapparenttotheircontemporaries.Otherswerelargelyinvisibleintheirowntime.Theircontributionswererealizedonlylongaftertheyweregone:KarlMarxdiedin1883,manyyearsbeforehiswritingswouldinspirepowerfulcommunistsocieties;AlanTuring,whodiedlonelyandpainful,isnowregardedasthebrilliantfatherofthecomputer.Perhapsthemostinterestingpartofthisexerciseisthinkingaboutthefinalimpactofpresent-dayfigures.SteveJobsmakesthelistbyvirtueofhisinfluenceonhightechandourdailylives.ButwhatofMarkZuckerberg?Hisimpactishuge,andhehasmadeitpossibleforbillionsofpeopletocometogether.Butthesocialmediasitehasalsomadeiteasiertodrivesocietyapart,upsettingthenewsbusiness.Willthemomentlast?Onlytimewilltell.Historywillmoveunavoidablyforward;ourquestionstodaywillhaveanswerstomorrow.Andlistslikethesewillchange—againandagainandagain.5．Whatdoweknowaboutthelistof“the100PeopleWhoChangedtheWorld”？A．Itneedstobeobjective.B．Itisbasedonstrictcriteria.C．Itshouldbeacceptedbyall.D．Itkeepschangingwithhistory.6．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Somepeople'scontributionsmayberecognizedmuchlater.B．Mostpeoplecouldn'tbeacknowledgedattheirowntime.C．Historywillchangeandgiants'deedswillfadeaway.D．Theimportantfiguresalwaysstandouteasily.7．WhatcanbeMarkZuckerberg'simpactontheworld?A．Positive.B．Mixed.C．Negative.D．Uncertain.8．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Toeducatereaders.B．Topersuadereaders.C．Toinformreaders.D．Todescribesomething.C[2022·合肥市高三第一次教學質(zhì)量檢測]Earthisinthemiddleofaninsectcrisis,withthousandsofspeciesdecliningoverthepastseveraldecades.Scientistshaveoftenblamedthisonhabitatlossorpesticide(殺蟲劑)use.ButanewstudyofbutterfliesinthewesternUnitedStateshasfoundthatwarmerfallweathermaybeanequal,ifnotmore,ofafactor.Overthepastfourdecades,morethan450butterflyspecieshavedeclinedatanaveragerateofnearly2percentayear,accordingtoastudypublishedinScience.It'salreadyknownthatthewesternmonarchbutterflyhasplummetedinpopulationby99.9percentandwasrecentlydeniedprotectionbyEndangeredSpeciesActintheU．S.Butthestudyrevealedlesser-knownspecies,liketheBoisduval'sblueandCalifornia'sstateinsect,theCaliforniadogfacebutterfly,areheadingtowardextinction.“Theinfluenceofclimatechangeisdrivingthosedeclines,whichmakessensebecausethey'resowidespread，”saysstudyleaderMatthewForister.Toreachtheirtroublingfindings,theresearcherscombineddatabasesofthebutterflycountconductedbyscientistsandamateurinsectenthusiastsat72locationsinthewesternU．S.Tofocusonthecontributionofclimatechange,theresearchersmadesuretoincludelocationsthatwererelativelyundisturbedbyagricultureandhumandevelopmenttolimittheinfluenceofotherthreatstobutterfliessuchashabitatlossandpesticides.Morethan200citiesacrosstheU．S.areexperiencingwarmerfallseasons.InArizona,forinstance,falltemperatureshaverisenby0.2degreeFahrenheiteverydecadesince1895.Asforwhywarmingfallsaresoharmful,itmaybeconnectedtobutterflies'hibernation-likediapause(滯育)inthefall.Warmertemperaturescouldbeforcingtheinsects,mostofwhichlivearoundayear,tostayawakelongerandstarve.Inotherwords,they're“gettingoldandfragileanddyingsooner”．Giventhatbutterfliesarekeypollinators(傳花粉者),suchdeclinespredictbiggerproblemsforplantsandevenwholeecosystems.Foristeradds,“Theclimateeffectswillalmostcertainlyaffectmanyotherinsects,includingbees.”Andtheseeffectswill“damage”effortstoprotectandrestorebutterflyhabitat.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”meaninParagraph2?A．Recoveredslowly.B．Decreasedsharply.C．Escapedsuddenly.D．Evolvedrapidly.10．WhatdidtheresearchersdoinParagraph3?A．Theyruledouttheeffectsofhumanactivities.B．Theytriedtoprotectthehabitatofbutterflies.C．Theyrefusedtouseamateurs'sciencedata.D．Theyidentifiedotherthreatstobutterflies.11．Howdowarmingfallsaffectbutterflies?A．Theyaffectbutterflies'naturallifecycle.B．Theyslowdownbutterflies'agingprocess.C．Theycausebutterfliestolosemorehabitats.D．Theyforcebutterfliestocompeteforsurvival.12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Todiscusstheimportanceofbutterflyspecies.B．Tosuggestawaytofightagainstclimatechange.C．Tointroducenewmethodsofstudyingbutterflies.D．Topresentanewfactorinaspeciespopulationdecline.[答題區(qū)]題號123456789101112答案閱讀理解題型分類練(四)A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——旅行——陪同環(huán)游世界的PaulSalopek游云南【語篇解讀】作者住在歷史悠久的茶馬古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用雙腳環(huán)游世界的PaulSalopek，于是決定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他們路上的見聞和作者的感悟。1．答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ihavetoadmit...intheworld”可知，作者不得不承認，當?shù)谝淮温犝fPaulSalopek要用自己的雙腳環(huán)游世界時，他被震撼了。他無法想象世界上會有這樣一個不尋常的人。據(jù)此可知，作者最初對Paul的旅行計劃感到吃驚。故選D。2．答案與解析：B推斷。根據(jù)第二段PaulSalopek的說話內(nèi)容可知，PaulSalopek是第一次來中國。跟作者講起其所在的中國地區(qū)的歷史、遷移和發(fā)現(xiàn)時，Paul很激動。他談到了南方絲綢之路，17世紀中國探險家徐霞客的旅行，茶馬古道，以及20世紀初的美國植物學家JosephRock。他還談到了玄奘。據(jù)此可推知，PaulSalopek對中國有一定的了解。故選B。3．答案與解析：D推斷。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者和PaulSalopek在路上遇到了許多人。有些人很好奇，圍繞著他們，看著他們；有些人給他們指路；有些人邀請他們?nèi)ニ麄兗倚菹?；有些人談到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的魅力。他們遇見了許多美好的人，樸素的人和溫暖的人。據(jù)此可推知，作者和Paul與人們建立了聯(lián)系。故選D。4．答案與解析：A理解目的。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，作者住在歷史悠久的茶馬古道上，他遇到了要用雙腳環(huán)游世界的PaulSalopek，于是決定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他們路上的見聞和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者寫作的目的是分享和回顧一段旅程。故選A。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——歷史——歷史現(xiàn)象介紹【語篇解讀】本文主要通過一些例子說明歷史是易變的，時間會告訴我們一切，歷史會不可避免地向前發(fā)展。5．答案與解析：D推斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whencombingthe...arenohardandfastrules