2021高考英語閱讀解題專項(xiàng)之詞義猜測(cè)題(十)

-：知識(shí)講解

1.題型特點(diǎn)

這類題型旨在考查學(xué)生利用上下文對(duì)詞、詞組以及句子的辨別能力。利用上

下文猜測(cè)詞義是閱讀理解的基本技巧之一，也是我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的主要方法。

在閱讀過程中，有些同學(xué)一遇到生僻詞語就求助詞典，這是不可取的。一遇到

生僻詞語就查閱詞典不但會(huì)使我們養(yǎng)成依賴詞典的習(xí)慣，而且還會(huì)影響閱讀速

度。我們閱讀漢語文章時(shí)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞語是否都查詞典呢?答案是否定的?？?/p>

是我們?nèi)绾卫斫馑鼈兡?利用上下文提示猜測(cè)詞義就是訣竅。

詞義猜測(cè)題的類型主要有三種:熟詞新義要求學(xué)生在某一特定的語言環(huán)境中

推斷某一多義詞的正確意思;生詞釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍較小的上下文推斷出詞

義;難句釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍稍大的上下文推斷句意。

2：設(shè)問方式

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewordprobablymeans.

2.Theunderlinedword"???"means.

3.Whatdoesthewordmeaninthesecondparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?

5.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase"…”suggests.

3：解題技巧

(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜

詞。有時(shí)文章會(huì)借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,

therefore等)來猜測(cè)詞義。

例Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

解析通過for連接的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò)),可猜出blame的詞義

日a主X/，，

貝備o

(2)通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

在文章中,有時(shí)作者為避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類，使用同義

詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系從熟悉的詞

語推測(cè)不熟悉詞語的含義。

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay,

即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在進(jìn)一步解

釋的過程中使用的同義詞。

(3)通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

有時(shí)作者為了說明相反的兩件事或人，使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的

詞語來進(jìn)行對(duì)比，我們可以利用已知單詞推測(cè)未知單詞的詞義。

通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如

but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語。

例Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.

解析根據(jù)"notatallashandsome...w我們不難推測(cè)出homely是“不英俊,

不漂亮”的意思。

二：習(xí)題演練

(A)

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanold

friend.There'sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattime

haschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.

Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedon

ourpresentmentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.

Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.Itsaboutthenowandwhatonecontributes

tothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhasto

pulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingevery

spring,isErnestHemingway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassic

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHoly

theFinn,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethirdbook

isJulioCortDzafsSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

CortDzar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

l.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.Ifsasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?

A.Ifsabriefaccountofatrip.

B.IfsaboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.Ifsarecordofahistoricevent.

D.IfsaboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency“inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt.B.Reward.

C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.

答案

l.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:作者為什么喜歡重讀書籍?根據(jù)文章第一

段和第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段的最后一句可知，作者認(rèn)為書籍并沒有變而是人

變了,重讀書籍可以讓一個(gè)人更好地審視自己。故D項(xiàng)正確。A:它評(píng)估作者和讀

者的關(guān)系;B:它是整個(gè)新世界的窗口;C:它替代了和朋友喝酒。

2.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:關(guān)于《流動(dòng)的盛宴》這本書我們知道什么？

根據(jù)文章第三段,尤其是...anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimpler

time.可知，這本書講述的是海明威年輕時(shí)候的故事。故B項(xiàng)正確。A:它是一個(gè)旅

程的簡短的敘述;C:它是對(duì)一個(gè)歷史事件的記錄;D:它是關(guān)于海明威在巴黎的朋友

的故事。

3.B詞義猜測(cè)題。本題題干意為:第四段畫線單詞“currency”指的是什么?根

據(jù)畫線單詞所在部分的意思“重讀一個(gè)作者的作品就是一個(gè)讀者對(duì)作者最高的回

報(bào)”可知B項(xiàng)（回報(bào)）正確。A:債務(wù);C:津貼,補(bǔ)助;D:面值，票面價(jià)值。

4.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:從文章中我們可以推斷出作者的什么信息?

根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，尤其是becausepoetry可知，因?yàn)槭窃姼瑁髡呔投啻沃刈x。

因此可以判斷作者喜歡詩歌。其他三項(xiàng)都是文章中沒有提到的信息。B:他是一名

編輯;C:他非常有雄心壯志;D:他教授閱讀。

（B）

Theystillbite,butnewresearchshowslab-grownmosquitoesarefightingdengue

fever-adangerousdiseasethattheynormallywouldspread.Dengueinfections

appeartobedroppingfastincommunitiesinIndonesia,Vietnam,BrazilandAustralia

thatarefilledwiththespeciallygrownmosquitoes.

Researchersfirstinjected（注射）mosquitoeggswithWolbachiabacteriathat's

commonininsectsandharmlesstopeopleinalab.Infectedfemalesthenpassthe

bacteriaonthroughtheireggs.ReleasingenoughWolbachiacarriers,boththefemales

thatbiteandthemalesthatdon't,allowsmating（交酉己）tospreadthebacteriathrough

alocalmosquitopopulation.

Ratherthanusingchemicalstowipeoutpests,“thisisreallyabouttransforming

themosquito,9,saidCameronSimmonsofthenon-profitWorldMosquito

Program,whichisconductingtheresearch.

ThefirstsuccesscamefromAustralia.Startingin2011,mosquitoescarrying

WolbachiawerereleasedinpartsofNorthQueensland,andgraduallyspreadthrough

thelocalmosquitopopulation.Dengueisspreadwhenamosquitobitessomeonewho

isinfected,andthenbitesanotherperson,butsomehowWolbachiablocksthat一and

localspreadhasnearlydisappearedinthoseNorthQueenslandcommunities,Simmons

said.

Thestudiesarecontinuinginothercountries.Butthefindings,presentedata

meetingoftheAmericanSocietyofTropicalMedicineandHygiene,suggestit's

possibletoturnatleastsomemosquitoesfromapublichealththreatintoannoying

biters.

Theworkmarks"excitingprogress^,saidMichiganStateUniversityprofessor

ZhiyongXi,whowasn'tinvolvedintheprojectbuthaslongstudiedhowWolbachia

canturnmosquitoesagainstthemselves.

Moreresearchisneeded,specialistscautioned."Theresultsarepretty

exciting一stronglevelsofreductions一butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobe

learnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat,^saidPennState

UniversityprofessorElizabethMcGraw.

l.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelab-grownmosquitoes?

A.Theylosetheabilitytobitepeople.

B.Theybecomeharmfultohumanbeings.

C.TheycarrydangerousWolbachiabacteria.

D.TheyspreadWolbachiabacteriabymating.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph4referto?

A.Thebitefromamosquito.

B.Thelocalcommunity.

C.Thespreadofdengue.

D.Theinfectedperson.

3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Thisresearchprovesacompletesuccess.

B.Scientistsagreeonthisresearch.

C.Thereisstillroomfbrimprovement.

D.Mosquitoesturnthemselvesagainstharmfulones.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Bacteria-infectedMosquitoesBiteDeadlyDengue

B.TransformMosquitoesintoAnnoyingBiters

C.FightAgainstMosquitoeswithWolbachia

D.HarmlessMosquitoesAreonTheirWay

參考答案：

l.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句"Releasi