2016年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題（第二套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems.B)Whycollegestudentsaremorelikelytohavestressproblems.C)Whysufficientsleepisimportantforcollegestudents.D)Howcollegestudentscanimprovetheirsleephabits.2.A)Itisnoteasytoimproveonessleephabits.B)Itisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogames.C)Makinglast-minutepreparationsfortestsmaybelesseffectivethansleeping.D)Studentswhoarebetterpreparedgenerallygethigherscoresinexaminations.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Whetheradequateinvestmentisbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities.B)WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets.C)WhethertheSpanishcompanycouldofferbetterservice.D)WhethermoreairportsshouldbebuiltaroundLondon.4.A)Poorownershipstructure.B)Inefficientmanagement.C)Lackofinnovationandcompetition.D)Lackofrunwayandterminalcapacity.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Studytheeffectsofnicotineonyoungsmokers.B)Setalimittotheproductionoftheircigarettes.C)Takestepstoreducenicotineintheirproducts.D)Reportthenicotinecontentoftheircigarettes.6.A)Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontenttendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.B)Brandswhichcontainhighernicotinecontentwerefoundtobemuchmorepopular.C)Tobaccocompaniesrefusedtodiscussthedetailednicotinecontentoftheirproducts.D)Bigtobaccocompanieswerefrankwiththeircustomersaboutthehazardsofsmoking.7.A)Theywillpaymoreattentiontothequalityoftheirproducts.B)Theywerenotpreparedtocommentonthecigarettestudy.C)Theypromisedtoreducethenicotinecontentincigarettes.D)Theyhavenotfullyrealizedtheharmfuleffectofnicotine.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Holland.B)Indonesia.C)England.D)Sweden.9.A)TalkingwithherboyfriendinDutch.B)Gettingacoachwhocanofferrealhelp.C)Acquiringthenecessaryabilitytosocialize.D)Learningalanguagewhereitisnotspoken.10.A)Practicingreadingaloudasoftenaspossible.B)Listeningtolanguageprogramsontheradio.C)Tryingtospeakitasmuchasonecan.D)Makingfriendswithnativespeakers.11.A)Itprovidesopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.B)Ittrainsyoungpeople’sleadershipabilities.C)Itoffersvariouscourseswithcreditpoints.D)Itcreatesanenvironmentforsocializing.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Asenseoffreedomdrivinggives.B)Rulesandregulationsfordriving.C)Therolepolicemenplayintrafficsafety.D)Theimpactofenginedesignonroadsafety.13.A)Makecarswithautomaticcontrol.B)Makecarswithhigherstandards.C)Makecarsthatarelesspowerful.D)Makecarsthathavebetterbrakes.14.A)Theyfollowtrafficrulesclosely.B)Theykeepwithinspeedlimits.C)Theyliketogoathighspeed.D)Theytendtodriveresponsibly.15.A)Itisabadidea.B)Itisaseffectiveasspeedbumps.C)Itisnotuseful.D)Itshouldbecombinedwitheducation.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Thecardgotdamaged.B)Thecardwasfoundinvalid.C)Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly.D)Thecardreaderfailedtodothescanning.17.A)ByseekinghelpfromthecardreadermakerVerifone.B)Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic.C)Bycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmation.D)Bytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister.18.A)Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.B)Givebirthtomanynewtechnologicalinventions.C)ChangethelifestyleofmanyAmericans.D)Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.B)Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.C)Theyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboard.D)Theyaresetbythedeanofthegraduateschool.20.A)Byconsultingtheexaminingcommittee.B)ByreadingtheBulletinofInformation.C)Byvisitingtheuniversityswebsite.D)Bycontactingthedepartmentaloffice.21.A)Theyarehardertomeetthanthoseforundergraduates.B)Theyspecifythenumberofcreditsstudentsmustearn.C)Theyhavetobeapprovedbytheexaminingcommittee.D)Theyarethesameamongvariousdivisionsoftheuniversity.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Ph.D.candidatesindieting.B)Studentsmajoringinnutrition.C)Studentsinhealthclasses.D)Middleandhighschoolteachers.23.A)Itsoveremphasisonthinness.B)Itschangingcriteriaforbeauty.C)Itsmistakenconceptionofnutrition.D)Itsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting.24.A)Todemonstratethemagiceffectofdietingonwomen.B)Toexplainhowcomputerimagescanbemisleading.C)Toprovethattechnologyhasimpactedourculture.D)Toillustrateherpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep.25.A)Tohelpstudentsridthemselvesofbadlivinghabits.B)Toestablishanemotionalconnectionwithstudents.C)Topromoteherownconceptofbeauty.D)Topersuadegirlstostopdieting.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.2627About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave28contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodontgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.29303132Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsand33,34causeproblems.Ifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughtersdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,35arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.A)abandonedB)advancedC)biasedD)chancesE)commitmentF)dampensG)dependentH)distantI)frequentJ)fulfillmentK)grantL)merelyM)provideN)understandablyO)unrealisticallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?[A]FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions.Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.[B]Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.[C][E]Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and2008—andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurity—hasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,forinstance,theSoviets,recognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult,wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcornpricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-drivendroughtintheSovietUnion,crop-shrinkingheatintheU.S.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived:pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.[F]Incontrast,recentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion(轉(zhuǎn)向)ofU.S.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.[G]Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.AfourthofthisyearsU.S.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.[H]Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrends—theshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperatures—aremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandtheworldsgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichconsumes70%theworldsfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalftheworldspeople,includingthethreebiggrainproducers—China,IndiaandtheU.S.[I]Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,Chinaswheatcrop,theworldslargest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.[J]Astheworldsfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,buttheyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.[K]Inresponsetothoserestrictions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.[L]Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworldspopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthese—thedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.[M]Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.Otherssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorallyappropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaybenecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.36.Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.37.Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages.38.Ratherthansuperpowerconflict,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreattoworldsecurity.39.Somepartsoftheworldhaveseensuccessfulimplementationoffamilyplanning.40.Theauthorhascometoagreethatfoodshortagescouldultimatelyleadtothecollapseofworldcivilization.41.Increasingwatershortagesprovetobethebiggestobstacletoboostingtheworldsgrainproduction.42.Thecostforsavingourcivilizationwouldbeconsiderablylessthantheworldscurrentmilitaryspending.43.Tolowerdomesticfoodprices,somecountrieslimitedorstoppedtheirgrainexports.44.Environmentalproblemsmustbesolvedtoeasethecurrentglobalfoodshortage.45.Aquarterofthisyear'sAmericangrainharvestwillbeusedtoproducebio-fuelforcars.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonfollowingpassage.Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofapersonsaccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeoplesmindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithonesabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodiseases,”Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(細(xì)微的)changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingpuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(認(rèn)知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(癡呆),accordingtotheresearchers.“Byfollowingindividualsovertime,”Salthousesaid,“wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipantshealthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.46.Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?A)Itvariesfrompersontoperson.B)Itweakensinoneslateryears.C)Itgraduallyexpandswithage.D)Itindicatesoneshealthcondition.47.Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?A)Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.B)Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.C)Theyarecloselyrelatedtophysicalandmentalexercise.D)Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.48.WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeoplesmindsinmostcases?A)Theytendtodeclineinpeopleslateryears.B)Theirflexibilitydeterminesonesabilities.C)Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.D)Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.49.Althoughpeoplesmindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they______.A)maybebetteratsolvingpuzzlesB)canmemorizethingswithmoreeaseC)mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoningD)canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse50.AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.A)findwaystoslowdownourmentaldeclineB)findwaystoboostourmemoriesC)understandthecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioningD)understandtherelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealthPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand(簡寫)educatorsuseforthisis“pre-K”—meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversitysPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicates