SwineHealthManagementFactsheet

豬群健康管理技術(shù)實錄

PRRS

豬繁殖呼吸綜合癥Dr.JimFairles范如杰博士HerdHealthSpecialist動物健康專家ChinaCanadaAnimalHealthInitiative中加動物健康啟動項目

DeadpigIntroduction引言iscausedbyavirus

是一種病毒病classifiedasanarterivirusasrecentlyas1991

直到1991年才確定病源為動脈炎病毒科的一種病毒beenfirstrecognizedintheUSAinthemid1980‘sandwascalledMysteryswinediseaseorblueeardisease. 80年代中期在美國首次發(fā)現(xiàn)，被稱為神秘豬病或藍(lán)耳病EarIntroduction引言Attacksmacrophages(immunedefensecell)anddestroysthem 攻擊并破壞巨噬細(xì)胞（免疫防御細(xì)胞）Upto40%ofthemacrophagesaredestroyed破壞巨噬細(xì)胞比例可達40％之多

removesamajorpartofthebodiesdefensemechanismandallowsbacteriaandothervirusestoproliferateanddodamage 機體防御機制的重要功能喪失，使得細(xì)菌以及其它病毒得以增殖并導(dǎo)致破壞。MacrophageIntroduction引言E.g.-noticeableincreaseinseverityofenzooticpneumoniaingrower/finisherunitswhentheybecomeinfectedwithPRRSvirus

例如，生長肥育階段感染PRRS病毒后可明顯增加地方性肺炎發(fā)病的嚴(yán)重程度increasecanoccurinclinicalcasesofmeningitisinherdsinwhichvirulentStreptococcussuistype2isenzootic

在地方性二型豬鏈球菌病存在的情況下，PRRS可增加腦膜炎的臨床病例Strep/ADVMycoplasma

Epidemiology流行病學(xué)Thevirusisspreadbynasalsecretions,saliva,fecesandurine

病毒 通過鼻腔分泌物、唾液、糞和尿傳播fieldstudiessuggestitcanbeairborneforupto3km(2miles)

野外研究證明在3公里（2英里）范圍內(nèi)這種病可經(jīng)由空氣轉(zhuǎn)播Acarrierstateexistsinthepigthatcanlastfor2-3months

豬體帶毒狀態(tài)可持續(xù)2-3月Artificialinseminationcanbeapotentialmethodofspreadifsemenisusedwhenthevirusispresentintheblood(viremia)

如果血液中存在病毒（毒血癥），那么通過人工受精也可能傳播病毒Epidemiology流行病學(xué)Adultanimalsexcretevirusformuchshorterperiodsoftime(14days)成年家畜排泄病毒的時間短得多（14天）PRRSVmayinfectfetusesfrommidpregnancyonwardsandisexcretedinsalvia,colostrumandmilk.PRRS病毒可感染妊娠中期以后的胎兒童樂園，并且能夠通過唾液、乳以及初乳擴散。Maternalantibody–shortduration(5-10days)

母原抗體–持續(xù)時間短暫（5至10天）

MethodsofSpread傳播方式Movementofcarrierpigs.帶毒豬只的轉(zhuǎn)移Airbornetransmissionupto3km(2miles). 最遠(yuǎn)3公里的空氣傳播Mechanicalmeansviafeces,dust,dropletsandcontaminatedequipment.通過糞便、灰塵、飛沫以及污染器具等機械途徑傳播Contaminatedbootsandclothing.病毒污染的鞋和衣物Vehiclesespeciallyincoldweather. 交通工具（尤其是天氣寒冷的時候）Artificialinseminationbutonlyiftheboarisviremic.Thisperiodisprobablyonly3-4days. 當(dāng)毒血癥出現(xiàn)時，可通過人工授精傳播。此階段大概只有3至4天Themallardduckandprobablyotherspeciesofbirdsarecarriers

野鴨等鳥類可攜帶病毒ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

AcuteDisease急性Reproductivelossesandadecreasedfarrowingrate分娩率下降，繁殖功能喪失Earlyfarrowings,at105to112days 妊娠105至112天早產(chǎn)Increaseinstillborn,mummifiedandweaklivebornpigs產(chǎn)死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔數(shù)增加StillbornMummifiedFetusEdemaClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

AcuteDisease急性Increasedpre-weaningmortalityoftenassociatedwithincreaseinbacterialinfectionsforexamplescourandgreasypigdisease斷奶前死亡率增加，常伴隨其它細(xì)菌性感染，如：腹瀉、油豬病等。Increasednumbersofunthriftypigspostweaning斷奶后僵豬數(shù)量增多Increasednurserymortalityoftenassociatedwithanincreaseinbacterialinfectionsforexamplepost-weaningscoursandmeningitis

保育階段死亡率增加，常由于有細(xì)菌感染，如：斷奶后下痢、腦膜炎等ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

ChronicDisease–Neonatalpigs慢性–新生仔豬RespiratoryDistress 呼吸困難Unthriftyandfailuretothrive 生長緩慢，僵豬Increasedsecondarybacterialinfections-scourandpneumonia 二次細(xì)菌感染增多–下痢、腦膜炎ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

ChronicDisease–Growingpigs慢性–生長豬Increasedmortality死亡率升高Decreasedappetite食欲減退Fever發(fā)燒Roughhaircoat,unthriftypigs 被毛雜亂，生長緩慢Increasedrespiratoryproblems,pneumoniaandatrophicrhinitis 呼吸系統(tǒng)問題，肺炎、萎縮性鼻炎Increasedsecondarybacterialinfectionsforexamplemeningitis,Greasypigdisease 二次細(xì)菌性感染增多，例如腦膜炎、油豬病等ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

DrySows干奶母豬Shortperiodsofinappetencespreadingover7-14days-10-15%ofsowsatanyonetime.

短期的食欲不振，持續(xù)7-14天，其間任一時間都有10-15%的母豬表現(xiàn)出癥狀Thebodytemperaturemaybeelevatedfrom39-40oC(103-105oF).體溫可升至39～40oCAbortions,oftenlateterm,mayoccurata1-6%level.Theseareoftenthefirstsignstobenoted. 流產(chǎn)，通常在妊娠后期，流產(chǎn)比例1-6％。這通常是最先表現(xiàn)的癥狀。Transientdiscolorationoftheearsmaybeseen(2%level.Blueeardisease). 耳部短暫變色（2％。藍(lán)耳?。?。ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

DrySows干奶母豬Somesowsfarrowslightlyearly.10-15%overthefirst4weeks. 輕微早產(chǎn)。感染前4周10-15%母豬表現(xiàn)此癥狀I(lǐng)ncreasedreturnsoccur21-35dayspost-service.配種后21-35天的返情率增加。Prolongedanoestrusanddelayedreturnstoheatpost-weaning. 間情期拖長，斷奶后延遲發(fā)情。Coughingandrespiratorysigns 咳嗽以及其它呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

FarrowingSows產(chǎn)仔母豬Inappetenceoverthefarrowingperiod.

產(chǎn)仔階段食欲不振Areluctancetodrink.不愿飲水Agalactiaandmastitis.無乳癥、乳房炎Farrowingsareoften2-3daysearly.

常提前2至3天分娩。Discolorationoftheskinandpressuresoresassociatedwithsmallvesicles.

由于局部壞死造成皮膚變色，壓痛。ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

FarrowingSows分娩母豬Lethargy.精神不振。Respiratorysigns.呼吸系統(tǒng)癥狀。Mummifiedpiglets.10-15%maydieinthelast3-4weeksofpregnancy.

木乃伊胎。10-15％胎兒死于妊娠最后3-4周。Stillbirthlevelsincreaseupto30%. 產(chǎn)死胎率增至30％。Veryweakpigletsatbirth. 新生仔豬極度虛弱。ClinicalSigns臨床癥狀

Boars公豬Inappetence.食欲不振Increasedbodytemperature.體溫升高。Lethargy.精神萎靡。Lossoflibido.性欲減退。Loweredfertility.受精率降低。Poorlittersizes.窩產(chǎn)仔少。Loweredspermoutput.精液產(chǎn)量降低。Increasedmortalityandacrosomaldefects.精子死亡率升高，畸型數(shù)目增加。ClinicalDiagnosis臨床診斷Clinicalsigns–similartootherdiseases

根據(jù)臨床癥狀–和其它疾病類似bloodsamplingaminimumof12adultanimals(preferablythosethathavebeenofftheirfood至少采12頭成年動物的血樣（最好采已終止進食的豬）onagroupbasis,theyarereliableinindicatingwhethertheherdhasbeeninfectedornot.在分組的基礎(chǔ)上，它們能可靠地反映出豬群是否已被感染。PCRtestsonsmallbloodsamplestakenintheearlyacutephase對急性病例早期所采少量血樣進行PCR（聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)）試驗。PostMortemDiagnosis尸檢Increaseddiagnosisofotherdiseases

可檢到很多其它疾病。Nogoodspecificpostmortemsigns

沒有特異的尸檢癥狀。RuleOuts/SimilarDisease

排除法/相似疾病Pseudorabies–nervoussigns

偽狂犬病–神經(jīng)癥狀PMWS–jaundice

斷奶后多系統(tǒng)衰弱綜合征–黃疸Manyotherdiseases–APP,Strep,pasteurella,Mycoplasma,SwineInfluenza 其它各種疾病-放線桿菌胸膜肺炎，鏈球菌感染，支原體病，豬流感等APPTreatment治療IntheacutediseasewhenPRRSfirstentersthefarmitisimportanttocovertheperiodatrisk,whichisusuallysixtoeightweeks,within-feedantibioticsorbyindividualinjectionsandwatermedication. PRRS首次登陸豬場時會引起急性發(fā)病，此后六到八周的時間為高風(fēng)險期，應(yīng)采取治療措施為豬群提供保護。這些措施包括飼喂或個體注射抗生素以及飲水用藥。Treatment治療Thebroadspectr