分析情況

近四年廣東中考英語閱讀理解部分包括：閱讀理解（A、B篇）和配對(duì)閱讀（C篇）兩部分。閱讀理解考查的是學(xué)生掌握閱讀材料的主旨大意的能力，以及對(duì)材料細(xì)節(jié)的理解和快速獲取關(guān)鍵信息的能力。近四年省卷閱讀理解題所涉及的內(nèi)容豐富、題材廣泛、主要包括廣告、日常生活及科普知識(shí)等。選材多貼近學(xué)生的日常生活，富有時(shí)代感、交際性和教育意義。A篇短文一般是應(yīng)用文，包括廣告宣傳、通知、標(biāo)識(shí)辨認(rèn)、書籍目錄、學(xué)校新聞及圖書館通知等。這類文章具有較強(qiáng)的交際性和實(shí)用性，旨在考察考生在日常生活中運(yùn)用、理解及處理信息的能力。短文內(nèi)容淺顯易懂，有效信息簡(jiǎn)潔明了，考生只要鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，仔細(xì)尋找原文有效信息，基本上能直接從原文中找到答案。B篇短文與A篇相比，文章問題有明顯的變化，一般屬于敘事類或說明類文章。雖然文章問題發(fā)生變化，但文章的難度并沒有增加很多?？忌灰J(rèn)真閱讀，配以一定的閱讀技巧，對(duì)全文有宏觀的理解把握，就可以從題目中提煉出關(guān)鍵詞，并在原文中精確定位，集中精讀，即可得出正確答案。C篇是廣告信息匹配題，其閱讀理解中篇幅最長(zhǎng)，考察難度稍大的部分。而且選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng)，因此考生需要通讀題目及選項(xiàng)，在整體上把握每道題的中心，再進(jìn)行廣告信息的匹配。近四年廣東省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)猜測(cè)詞義推理判斷概括主旨/題目數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算2011A篇：40100B篇：112102012A篇：20201B篇：21012013A篇：50000B篇：310102014A篇：30200B篇：21110近四年省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析C篇：技巧：劃出左欄的關(guān)鍵字，一一與右欄的內(nèi)容配對(duì)，找出最符合的答案。年份內(nèi)容2011根據(jù)寵物啟事，尋找自家的寵物2012根據(jù)病人的健康問題，選擇合適的專科醫(yī)生2013根據(jù)每個(gè)人的需求，選擇合適的商品。2014根據(jù)每個(gè)人的興趣描述，選擇適合的網(wǎng)站主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測(cè)型命題類有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下四種:推理判斷型一、主旨大意題（除法干擾項(xiàng)）干擾項(xiàng)1

可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項(xiàng)2

可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承?不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。干擾項(xiàng)3

可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。這類題型的正確答案，一般來說不會(huì)在文中直接找到，需要根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。但在選項(xiàng)中也不免出現(xiàn)一些干擾項(xiàng)，例如：1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitle

ofthepassage?主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

1、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.

FirstBarbieShopinShanghai

B.

Barbie’sPastandpresent

C.

Barbie’s53rdBirthdayParty

D.

BarbieLostHerMagic技巧：1、先了解文章的主要意思，大概是說了什么事情。2、根據(jù)每段的段落大意（開頭前面幾句），總結(jié)歸納文章的主旨3、利用排除法，排除掉干擾項(xiàng)例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetiotionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.干擾項(xiàng)3Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

干擾項(xiàng)1干擾項(xiàng)2

文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：例題2.Barbie’sfamilynameis______.A.Roberts B.millicent C.Shepherd D.Bratz3.Barbie’stroubleisthat__________.A.itwearsheavymakeupandminiskirts.B.otherdollsaremorepopularwithlittlegirls.C.otherdollsaretryingtobeatherinthemarket.D.ithasbecomelesspopularintheinternationalmarket.例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

同義法

常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。

反義法

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。

釋義法

對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。詞義猜測(cè)型

情景推斷法、代詞替代法等判斷詞義1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)例題4、What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinewords

“fashiondesigners”inthepassage?A.珠寶設(shè)計(jì)師 B.發(fā)型設(shè)計(jì)師 C.舞臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)師 D.服裝設(shè)計(jì)師例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetiotionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingupinJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

關(guān)鍵線索：makenewdresses

推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。

以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型

透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)

fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred

(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)

oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

例題

AlmosteveryChinesepersoncanrecitethetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”Butsadly,manyofusdon’tactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:Don’twastefood.ACCTVprogram,NewsOnePlusOne,reportedthatthefoodChinesepeoplethrowawayeveryyearisenoughtofeed200millionpeopleforayear.Dowehavetoomuchfood?Ofcoursenot.AccordingtotheUNWorldFoodProgram,therewere925millionhungrypeoplearoundtheworldin2010,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Sixmillionchildrendieofhungereveryyear.Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable(好客的)andgenerous.Manyevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefoodonthetable.

練習(xí)題解釋P5Luckily,anumberofpeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofsavingfood.LastNovember,LiHong,awaitressinarestaurantinNanjing,gotfiredbecauseshetooksomeleftoverfoodhomeforherson.Manypeoplestoodbyhersideandcriticized(批評(píng))thewasteoffood.Whatshouldwedoinourdailylivestowastelessfood?Herearesometips:1.Donotordertoomuchinarestaurant.Onlyorderasmuchasyouwanttoeat.Ifyoucannoteatallthefoodyouordered,taketherestofithome.2.Don’tbetoopicky(挑剔的)aboutfood.Somefoodmaynottastegreat,butyourbodyneedsit.3.Keepaneyeonwhatfoodyouhaveathome.Don’tbuytoomuch,especiallyforvegetablesandfruit.4.Accordingtothepassage,weshouldn’twastefoodbecause________.A.foodcomesfromveryhardworkB.sixmillionchildrendieofhungereverydayC.thereisenoughfoodtofeedallthepeopleD.Chinesearehospitableandgenerous答案：A判斷依據(jù)：AlmosteveryChinesepersoncanrecitethetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”Butsadly,manyofusdon’tactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:Don’twastefood.練習(xí)1（2014中考題）Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade(遮蔽)againstthesun.Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,backintheeleventhcenturyBC.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower(權(quán)力).IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)詞義猜測(cè)關(guān)鍵線索：suchasthekingorqueensInEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.TheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece,butitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringthemiddleagesinEurope,theuseoftheumbrellaalmostdisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegantobemadeinallkindsofcolors.判斷推理1.Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas____.A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesun C.asymbolofpowerD.protectionagainsttherain2.Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient______.A.Egypt. B.Babylon C.Rome D.China3.Theunderlinedwordroyalmightmean_inChinese.A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中產(chǎn)的 D.平民的4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.TheancientGreeksusedtheumbrellaintheirdailylife.B.Europeanshardlyusedtheumbrelladuringthemiddleages.C.Theumbrellasforwomenweremadecolorfulinancienttimes.D.Thestyleoftheumbrellahasn'tchangedalotsinceitwasinvented5.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.thesalesoftheumbrella B.thedifferencesamongumbrellasC.theinventionoftheumbrella D.thehistoryandtheuseoftheumbrella練習(xí)二

DreamcultureisanimportantpartofancientChineseculture.Dreaminterpreting（理解）ispopularinChina,andthemostfamousreferencefordreaminterpretingisthebookofDukeofZhouInterpretsDreams.AncientChinesepeoplethoughtthatdreamscouldsuggestluckyandunluckythings.Sincedifferentdreamshavedifferentmeanings,peoplecangetmeaningsofgoodorbadluckbyinterpretingthem.Actually,dreaminterpretingisnottotallyasuperstition.Itdoeshavesomescientificvalue.Dreamsarethereflectionofthefacts.Manydreamsareactuallysomethingaboutwhathappenedinthedaytime.Thiskindofdreamcanbeeasilyunderstoodwithoutdreaminterpreting.

Dreamsarethebody’sself-implication(自我暗示).TraditionalChinesemedicalsciencesaysthatdreamsareconnectedwiththehealthconditionofhumans’bodies.WhenYinandYangareimbalanced,dreamscomeintobeing.Ifsomeonedreamtthatheorshewasroastedbyabigfire,itshowsheorshemighteasilygetangryornervous.Dreamsareusuallydifferentfromthefacts.Itmeansthatthingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeworse.Tosomedegree,DukeofZhouInterpretsdreamsisscientificallyreasonable.Overthousandsofyearshaspassed,thebookstillhasmanysecretswaitingforustoexplore.1.Accordingtothepassage,WeknowthebookofDukeofZhouInterpretsDreamsis______________.A.themostfamousreferencefordreaminterpretingB.aninterestingstorybookC.anactionmovieD.abeautifulplace2.Whatdidtheancientchinesepeoplethinkofthedreams?A.TheyareluckyB.TheyareunluckyC.TheyareunluckyorunluckyD.Theyaresuperstitions3.Theunderlinedword“reasonable”means“___________”inChinese.A.合理的B.負(fù)責(zé)人的C.正確的D.認(rèn)真的4.Accordingtothepassage,Overthousandsofyearshaspassed,thebook---DukeofZhouInterpretsdreamsstillhas_____waitingforustoexplore.A.moneyB.secretsC.timeD.position5.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.TherearenosecretsinthebookDukeofZhouInterpretsDreams.B.Ifsomeonedreamtthathewasroastedbyabigfire,itshowsheorshemightgethappy.C.DreamcultureisanimportantpartofmodernChineseculture.D.DukeofZhouInterpretsDreamsisabookaboutdreaminterpreting.練習(xí)三：AbouttenyearsagowhenIwasastudentatcollege,Ispentmysummerholidaysworkingatamuseuminmysparetime.Lifewashardformethen.DadhadlosthisjobandMumwassickinbed.IwaswonderingifIwouldbeabletogoonwithmystudythenextterm.OnedaywhileIwasworkinginthegiftshop,Isawanelderlycouplecom