Unit1LearningAboutLanguageDiscoverusefulstructures非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses

Readthefollowingsentencesandunderlinethe

relativeclauses.Then

namethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.

1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Preview翻譯Activity11.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,

tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.Summary:句2為____________定語(yǔ)從句，主從句之間用_____隔開。非限定性逗號(hào)LearningObjectivesAttheendofthissection,studentswillbeableto:1.knowdefinitionandfunctionofnonrestrictiverelativeclauses.2.distinguishthedifferencesbetweenrestrictiverelativeclausesandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses.3.describesomethingbyusingnonrestrictiverelativecauses.ThemanwhoisridingahorseisTangMonk.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句who關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞thatwhichwhowhomwhoseaswherewhenwhy關(guān)系詞的作用：①引導(dǎo)作用(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)②替代作用(替代先行詞)③在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分ReviewingActivity2先行詞在從句中所作成分關(guān)系代詞人主賓定物主賓定先行詞在從句中所作成分關(guān)系副詞時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)reason原因狀語(yǔ)who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)whywhenwhere=介詞+which判斷句子是否為定語(yǔ)從句劃出先行詞將先行詞代入從句，看它在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分根據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作成分，得出關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的確定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor1.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.2.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethat

worked.3.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonorsapersoncanreceive.Findotherattributerelativeclausesfromthepassage.Thennamethetwotypesofclausesandstatetheirfunctions.RestrictiveRestrictiveNon-restrictiveActivity34.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.5.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.6.Thismedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.7.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.Non-restrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveObserveandanalyse1分析兩種定語(yǔ)從句省略后的結(jié)果ThewomanwhodiscoveredArtemisininwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TuYouyou,

whodiscoveredArtemisinin,wasawardedtheNobelPrize.

意義上區(qū)別小結(jié)：

限制性定語(yǔ)從句省略后主語(yǔ)所指就不明確，所以不能省略。Activity4

Theboywonthefirstplace,which

madeusveryexcited.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是句子

Theboy,whomItalkedwithjustnow,

wonthefirstplace.Observeandanalyse2(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen______________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman_______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That'sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(6)Theshedinourgarden,_________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.Fillintheblanksandcompare.

(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)whywhichwhichwhichwhom(6)Theshedinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.whichwhichwhichwhom引導(dǎo)詞對(duì)比小結(jié)：1)關(guān)系代詞that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在任何情況下都不可省略；3)關(guān)系副詞why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Observeandanalyse3(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen____________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That'sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)whyTranslatethefollowingsentencesandcompare.(1)CharlesSmith,

whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuch

better.

(3)MysisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsme

anemailalmosteveryday.

(4)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。他們依靠自己，這樣好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐幾乎每天都給我發(fā)電子郵件。他就是汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。(1)CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuchbetter.他們依靠自己，這樣好的多。(3)Mysisterwhoworksin

Shanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.我在上海工作的姐姐幾乎每天都給我發(fā)電子郵件。(4)Heisthemanwhosecar

wasstolen.他就是汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。翻譯對(duì)比小結(jié)：1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常譯成主句的并列句；2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“……的

”。Observeandanalyse4

Summary

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是相對(duì)限制性定語(yǔ)從句而言的。非限制性定語(yǔ)與先行詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞做些附加說(shuō)明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)隔開。翻譯時(shí)常常單獨(dú)翻譯。常有who,whom,which,whose,as,when,where等關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。從句區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.形式上①_____逗號(hào)和主句隔開②______逗號(hào)和主句隔開2.意義上是對(duì)先行詞的修飾限定，③_____刪去是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪去后意思④__________3.譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，⑤“________”通常翻譯成主句的⑥_________4.關(guān)系詞⑦_(dá)________關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞⑧關(guān)系代詞不用_______關(guān)系副詞不用________不用用不能仍完整…的并列句所有的thatwhyThedifferencesSummaryAseveryoneknows,Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

2.Heforgottobringhispenwithhimyesterday,as

weexpected.3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenhimbefore,whichwasobviouslynottrue.

4.Hechangedhismind,whichmademequiteangry.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，譯為“

”。常置于

，也可置于句中。正如，就像句首which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常指代前面整個(gè)句子，只能放在先行詞

翻譯成

。這asVSwhich正如每個(gè)人都知道的，中國(guó)是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。他昨天忘帶筆了，正如我們預(yù)料的那樣。他說(shuō)他以前沒有見過(guò)他，這明顯不是真的他改變了主意，這讓我很生氣。后Observeandanalyse51.asisknowntoall=asweallknow眾所周知

2.asissaid正如所說(shuō)的

3.asyoucansee=ascanbeseen正如你所看見的4.asisreported正如報(bào)道的5.asisexpected正如預(yù)料的6.asispointedout正如指出的7.asafamoussayinggoes正如一句諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)/俗話說(shuō)8.asismentionedabove正如以上提到的as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中e.g.:Asisknowntousall,ZhongNanshanisoneofthegreatestphysiciansinChina.

Extendingas,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別aswhich指代引導(dǎo)的從句只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)的從句既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，又可指代主句的某一名詞或代詞位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意義“正如，就像…”“這，那”功能起連接上下文的作用，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等引導(dǎo)的從句，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.EXAMPLEThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,

whodiscovered

penicillin.1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.P5Activity51.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.Checkyouranswers.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwilling

toacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasin

power.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whose

circumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasbornin

Guangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.1.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,______ishowwe

arrived.2.____hewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn’thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.3.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_________myclassmatesrecommendtome.4.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.5.Untilnow,wehaveraised5000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.6.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.whichAswhichaswhich

Practiceforwhich

Activity6Task17.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostof

arebeyondourcontrol.8.TheScienceMuseum,

wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.9.ThisisTom,with

Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.10.ThisisTom,from

fatherIlearnedalot.11.leftonSunday,

everyonewasathome.12.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,

youcanhearsomelovelymusic.

which

which

whomwhosewhen/onwhichwhere/inwhichTask21.Theseappletreeshavenotproducedanyfruits.Iplantedthemthreeyearsago.__________________________________________________________

.

2.Thelazyboygotthehighestscoreinthetest.Itsurprisedme.

___________________________________________________________3.ThestudentsinourclasswanttoimprovetheirMaths.ManyofthemarenotbadatMaths.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Theschoolhasahistoryof117years.Istudiedfor6yearsthere.

.將兩個(gè)句子合并成非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotproducedanyfruits.Thelazyboygotthehighestscoreinthetest,whichsurprisedme.Thestudentsinourclass,manyofwhomarenotbadatMaths,wanttoimprovetheirMaths.Theschool,whereIstudiedfor6years,hasahistoryof117years.usingnon-restrictiveclausestodescribeapersonofachievement,discussinyourgroupthenshareitwithus.

UsingandSpeakingSelf-evaluationHaveyouknownthedefinitionandfunctionofnonrestrictiverelativeclauses?2.Canyoudistinguishthedifferencesbetweenrestrictiverelativeclausesandnonrestrictiverelativeclauses?3.Canyoudescribesomethingbyusingnonrestrictiverelativecauses?Homework必做：Exercisebook,Ex1選做：ChoiceA:Writedown5sentencestointroduceapersonthataroundyouandusenon-restrictiverelativeclausesproperly.ChoiceB:Writedownanessaytointroduceapersonthataroundyouandusenon-restrictiverelativeclausesproperly..Thankyou~P.621Choosethewordsintheboxtocompletethesentences.whowhomwhichwhosewhenwhere

in/of/forwhichofwhom1Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic,________isreallyannoying.2ProfessorLu,________youspoketo,specialisesinconstitutionallaw.3Pleasecomebackatfouro’clock,________yourherbalmedicinewillbeready.4Whatdoyouwanttowriteaboutthesepeople,________storiesIhavejusttoldyou?5HaveyoubeentotheLouvreMuseum,________youcanseetheMonaLisaondisplay?6Thereare45studentsinourclass,out________only10aretakinganoptionalartcourse.7Hermotherworksinacompany,________employeesareallwomen.8Itisvitaltolearntousethesesoftwareprogrammes,both________canhelpyouwith

collectionandevaluation.

whichwho(m)whenwhosewhereinwhichofwhomofwhichinwhichwhere

P.622Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthemwhere

necessary.1Pleasewritedownthesephrases,allofthemwillbeusefulinyourwriting.2Asaconsequenceofsendinginhisapplicationlate,hedidnotgetapatentforhisinvention,

thatwasnotsurprisingatall.3Theresearchersareevaluatingthousandsofplants,whichhavedistinctmedicalproperties.4Thegentleoldmanistheonlyperson,whomIcantrust.5Haveyoudoneallwhatyoucantohelpthepeopleinneed?6Isthisthebotanicalinstitutewhereyouvisitedlastweek?∧and(構(gòu)成并列句)which(構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句)which(非限定性從句不能用that引導(dǎo))√that(去掉逗號(hào)，是限定性定語(yǔ)從句)that(what引導(dǎo)的是名詞性從句，特指某一整體事物，不能加all)that/which(引導(dǎo)詞作vi