第五講定語從句的寫作根據(jù)所掌握的定語從句的知識，熟練地使用定語從句也是高考英語寫作的一項基本要求。定語從句屬于較為復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點在短文中適當(dāng)?shù)剡\用定語從句有助于提高寫作的得分。定語從句在句中作定語修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞叫作先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。一、定語從句關(guān)系詞的基本用法關(guān)系詞詞形所修飾的先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物或事主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語as人、物或事主語、賓語whose人或物定語關(guān)系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞地點狀語why原因名詞原因狀語Asthesayinggoes，“AllroadsleadtoRome.”正如諺語所說：“條條大路通羅馬”。WewillgototakepartinthesummercampheldbyyourschoolthisJuly,whichwillmakesusveryexcited.我們將參加今年7月由你們舉辦的夏令營，這使得我們非常激動。二、運用定語從句的注意事項運用定語從句必須注意兩點：由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞所替代的成分在從句中不能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)；定語從句與簡單句一樣，也要求句子結(jié)構(gòu)既正確又完整。將下列每組句子連成一個含定語從句的復(fù)合句，并分析定語從句中的成分。①TheforeignerisfromCanada.Hevisitedourclassyesterday.→Theforeignereq\o(who,\s\do11(主語))eq\o(visited,\s\do11(謂語))eq\o(ourclass,\s\do11(賓語))eq\o(yesterday,\s\do11(狀語))isfromCanada.②Mrs.Wangistheteacher.HersonwasadmittedtoPekingUniversity.→Mrs.Wangistheteachereq\o(whose,\s\do11(定語))eq\o(son,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(wasadmitted,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(toPekingUniversity,\s\do10(狀語)).③Ourteachertoldussuchastory.Itmovedusalltotears.→Ourteachertoldussuchastoryeq\o(as,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(moved,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(usall,\s\do10(賓語))eq\o(totears,\s\do10(狀語)).④Iwillneverforgetthedays.Weworkedinthatsmalltowninthosedays.→Iwillneverforgetthedayseq\o(when,\s\do10(狀語))eq\o(we,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(worked,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(inthatsmalltown,\s\do10(狀語)).三、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)的定語從句是寫作中出現(xiàn)頻率很高的一種句式，其用法如下：(1)關(guān)系代詞as用于限制性定語從句時，常出現(xiàn)在固定句型as…as(和……一樣大/高/深)，thesame…as(和……一樣/同類)，such…as(諸如……)中。①Suchbookseq\o(as,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(have,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(badeffect,\s\do10(賓語))eq\o(onchildren,\s\do10(狀語))shouldnotbepublished.②Iboughtthesamedresseq\o(as,\s\do10(賓語))eq\o(you,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(did,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(lastweek,\s\do10(狀語)).(2)as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代替整個主句的內(nèi)容，并在從句中作主語、賓語等，as引導(dǎo)的從句可在主句前、也可在主句后，且有“正如”之意。雖然which也有此用法，但它引導(dǎo)的定語從句位于主句后。①eq\o(As,\s\do10(賓語))eq\o(you,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(cansee,\s\do10(謂語))，heisverysuccessfulasawriter.②Wecollectedmoneyforthesepoorchildren，eq\o(as,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(hadbeendecided,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(atthemeeting,\s\do10(狀語)).③ShealwayscriticizedTom，eq\o(which,\s\do10(主語))eq\o(made,\s\do10(謂語))eq\o(him,\s\do10(賓語))eq\o(veryunhappy,\s\do10(賓語補足語)).(3)as常用于以下固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(這是常有的事)；asweexpected(不出所料)；asoftenhappens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)；asisknowntoall(眾所周知)；ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)；asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)。Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.眾所周知，月球每個月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周。Asismentionedabove，Iwilldevotemyselfentirelytomyseniorhighschoollife.正如上面所提到的一樣，我將會全身心投入到我的高中生活。Ⅰ.把下列每題中的兩個簡單句合并為一個含有定語從句的復(fù)合句1．Winteristhetimeofyear.Thedaysareshortandnightsarelong._____________________________________________________________2．Hehasn'tgotenoughmoney.Hecanbuytheputerwithit._____________________________________________________________3．Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces.Theycouldn'tbefound._____________________________________________________________4．Thefreezingpointisthetemperature.Waterchangesintoiceatthetemperature._____________________________________________________________5．Thattreeisveryold.Itsbranchesarealmostbare._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.Winteristhetimeofyearwhenthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.2.Hehasn'tgotenoughmoneywithwhichhecanbuytheputer.3.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaceswhichcouldn'tbefound.4.Thefreezingpointisthetemperatureatwhichwaterchangesintoice.5.Thattreewhosebranchesarealmostbareisveryold.Ⅱ.用定語從句完成句子1．Anyone________________mayspeakout.(against)任何反對這個觀點的人都可以說出來。2．Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer____________________________.(keep)他丟了放置文件的抽屜的鑰匙。3．Heisnot____________________.(afool)他不像看上去的那么傻。4．Thenumberofthepeoplewho__________________.(own)擁有車的人的數(shù)量正在增加。5．__________________yesterday，themurdererhadbeensentencedtolifeinprison.(report)正如昨天報道的那樣，那名殺人犯已經(jīng)被判處無期徒刑了?！敬鸢浮?.whoisagainsttheopinion2.wherethepapersarekept3.suchafoolashelooks4.owncarsisincreasing5．AswasreportedⅢ.用定語從句翻譯句子1．我贊同蘇珊，她的文章讓我想起了我當(dāng)作家的父親送給我的一支筆。(whose，who)_____________________________________________________________2．一年一度的將于7月15－17日舉行的英語節(jié)，正在為TalentShow,SpeechContest和EnglishDebate節(jié)目招募20名服務(wù)的志愿者。(which)_____________________________________________________________3．我將組織一些校園活動，像英語晚會，這是一個學(xué)生可以展示英語的平臺。(where)_____________________________________________________________4．另外，每個學(xué)生都可以與外國朋友和諧相處，這使得你與他們相處變得更加容易。(which)_____________________________________________________________5．正如我們老師所指出的一樣，當(dāng)我們有不同觀點的時候，我們可以為對方再考慮一下。(as)_____________________________________________________________【答案】1.IagreewithSusan，whosearticleremindsmeofmygift，apen，givenbymyfather，whoisawriter.2.OurannualEnglishFestival,whichwillbeheldonJune15—17,isnowlookingfor20studentvolunteerstoprovideserviceforTalentShow,SpeechContest,andEnglishDebate.3.Iwillorganizesomecampusactivities，like“EnglishEvening”，aplatformwherestudentscanshowtheirEnglish.4.Inaddition，everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends，whichmakesiteasierforyoutogetalongwiththem.5.Asispointedoutbyourteacher,weshouldconsideritagainforeachotherwhenwehavedifferentviews.Ⅳ.閱讀下面這篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用定語從句進行改寫DearEditor，I'mwritingtotellyouabouttheverydiscussion.Wehadadiscussionaboutchargingentrancefeeforparks.Somestudentsareagainstit.Theytakeup60%.Theparkisapublicplace.Peoplecanenjoythemselvesintheparkhere.Ifpeoplemustbuyaticket,agateandwallshavetobebuiltforapark.Itwillmakeacitylookugly.Somestudentsareinfavoroftheidea.Theytakeup40%.Theythinkticketsellingcanmakesomemoney.Withthemoney,wecanpaythega