觀察例句判斷下面句子中單詞的詞性Well,JamesandJohnhaddifferentopinionsabouttheirdestinations

whenthetwoclosefriendswentouthiking.詞類又稱詞性（Partsofspeech），英語中有十種基本詞性詞類名詞數(shù)詞代詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞冠詞感嘆詞實(shí)詞虛詞觀察例句觀察下列句子中實(shí)詞和虛詞的區(qū)別Jimmyranksfirstintheclass.Thismeansthatheisthenumberonestudentamongallhisclassmates.Theharderhestudies,thehigherhisscoregets.實(shí)詞虛詞有形變無形變實(shí)詞名詞(noun)表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱代詞(pronoun)主要用來代替名詞或事件數(shù)詞(numeral)表示數(shù)量或事物的順序動(dòng)詞(verb)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)形容詞(adjective)表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征副詞(adverb)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和句子，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等練習(xí)1在下列句中空白處填入所給單詞的恰當(dāng)形式Fivehundredyearslater,aChineseemperor

(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Theteam’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate____(population)ofgiantpandas.Thiswill____(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.Thegirlranthe____(fast)ofallwhenshelookedbackandsawacheetahwaschasing____(she).Asaresult,therunnerwhowouldhavecomefirstjustrankedthe____(three)intheend.虛詞介詞(preposition)表示它后面名詞性的詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系連詞(conjunction)用來連接同類詞、短語或句子冠詞(article)用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞感嘆詞(interjection)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情練習(xí)2在下列句中空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~Giantpandasalsoserve____anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.Theorganizationisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.WhenIgavehim

sandwich,Inoticedhissmileashewasopeningthesandwich.Hesharedit

Bella.句子成分成分主語謂語賓語表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語同位語詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)墓δ苄猿煞?，共有八種主干成分主語(Subject)句子所要說明的人或事物，名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/todo/doing/從句擔(dān)任I’mMissGreen.謂語(Predicate)說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，只由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.賓語(Object)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或結(jié)果，通常由名詞性的詞/從句擔(dān)任賓語分單賓語、雙賓語（直+間）、復(fù)合賓語（賓+補(bǔ)）表語(Predicative)在系動(dòng)詞之后，表明主語的身份/特征/狀態(tài)，由名詞/代詞/形容詞/介詞短語/數(shù)詞/副詞/非謂語/從句擔(dān)任Mathsishard.(賓語)補(bǔ)足語(Complement)用來說明賓語怎么樣/干什么，賓語是其邏輯主語，由形容詞/動(dòng)詞/名詞/副詞/介詞短語/非謂語等充當(dāng)Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.練習(xí)3判斷下列句中哪些是主干成分Judyisveryclever.Sheworksveryhardandalwayshelpsmetostudy.主語謂語

(系動(dòng)詞)表語主語謂語謂語賓語補(bǔ)語____________________________________修飾成分定語(Attribute)修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞/非謂語/介詞短語/名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/副詞/從句擔(dān)任Thelazymanisalivestreaminggamer.狀語(Adverbialmodifier)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，由副詞/介詞短語/非謂語/獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)/少數(shù)形容詞/名詞/從句擔(dān)任Hehardlyworkswhenothersareworkinghard.Shestoodthere,motionless.同位語(Appositive)通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后，進(jìn)一步說明它的內(nèi)容，由名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/從句充當(dāng)Jerry,whereisyourfriendTom?練習(xí)4判斷下列句中哪些是修飾成分Judy,

a

seniorstudent,isaveryclevergirl.Shealsoworksveryhard.同位語狀語狀語__________________________________________定語練習(xí)Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Wearereadingbooks.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Ithink

(that)heisfitforhisoffice.HisfathernamedhimDavid.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Thebikeintheroomismine.HelivesinLondon.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.HisprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.合成法轉(zhuǎn)化法構(gòu)詞法派生法截詞法混成法首字母縮寫法逆成法擬聲法構(gòu)詞法直接合成spaceship,headache,playground,breakfast連詞符合成breath-taking,hand-written,hard-working合成法形容詞→動(dòng)詞dry→dry,clean→clean動(dòng)詞→名詞look,walk,rest,work名詞→動(dòng)詞hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對(duì))形容詞→副詞early→early,fast→fast副詞→連詞when(什么時(shí)候)→(當(dāng)……時(shí)候)介詞→副詞in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(進(jìn)行)轉(zhuǎn)化法前綴詞根后綴詞派生法常用前綴a-(在…,…的):asleep,awake,abroada-/ab-(無,否,遠(yuǎn)離):amoral,abnormal,abuseanti-(反,防):anti-tank,anti-clockwise,anti-Warbi-(雙,兩):bicycle,bilingual,bi-colorco-/con-/com-(共同,聚集):co-exist,concentrate,comparede-(加強(qiáng)/削弱):deserve,depict;destruction,destroydi-/dis-(否定):discover,disappear,dislikein-/im-/il-/ir-(不,非):invisible,inconvenience,impolite,impossible,illogical,illegal,irregular,irresponsibleun-/non-(不,非):unhappy,unlucky,non-interference,non-governmentalorganizationmis-(錯(cuò),誤):mistake,misunderstand,

misjudgein-/im-(里,上,加):increase,inside,introduce,impact,improve,impulseex-/e-(外,前,出):exit,extraordinary,egress,emitinter-(相互,之間):international,inter-actionen-(使…可能,使…):encourage,enable,enlargeover-(過于):overdo,oversimplify,overlookre-(重復(fù),往復(fù)):rewrite,repeat,return,retiresuper-(超越的):superstar,superman,supermarketsub-(下面的):subway,subconscious,suburbtele-(遠(yuǎn)程):telephone,telegraph,telescope前綴派生派生名詞動(dòng)詞+er/or/ee:teacher,inventor,employee,trainee動(dòng)詞+ant:assistant,consultant,applicant動(dòng)詞+(t)ion:congratulation,education,confusion,organization動(dòng)詞+ment:movement,government動(dòng)詞+ance(y)/ence(y):acceptance,expectancy,influence,frequency動(dòng)詞+ing:swimming,meeting形容詞+ness:

kindness,friendliness,loneliness名詞/形容詞+ist:scientist,specialist,artist名詞/形容詞+ian:magician,musician,technician名詞/形容詞+ship:friendship,hardship,relationship名詞/形容詞+dom:freedom,kingdom詞根+ity:quality,quantity,ability后綴派生派生形容詞-ful:helpful,cheerful,useful-ble:reasonable,horrible,possible-ous:serious,courageous,dangerous-less:careless,homeless,meaningless-al:practical,national,natural-ive:active,native,positive-ary:visionary,imaginary,revolutionary-y:rainy,dirty,hearty-ish:childish,bookish,English-an:American,European,African-ant/-ent:important,significant,different,efficient-some:troublesome,handsome,awesome-ern:southern,northern,eastern派生副詞-ly:healthy-healthily,possible-possibly-wise:likewise,clockwise,otherwise-ward(s):backwards,afterwards,straightforward派生動(dòng)詞-fy:simplify,beautify,amplify,satisfy,electrify-en:strengthen,lengthen,widen,sharpen,deepen-ize:realize,modernize,apologize,organize-ate:educate,congratulate,concentrate,associate派生數(shù)詞-teen:fourteen,fifteen,eighteen-ty:twenty,forty,thirty-th:twelfth,ninth,twentieth將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變截頭telephone—phone,airplane—plane截尾mathematics—math(s),laboratory—lab截頭和截尾influenza—flu,refrigerator—fridge截詞法兩個(gè)詞分別或者其中一個(gè)取一部分構(gòu)成新詞smoke+fog=smognews+broadcast=newscast混成法首字母縮寫法（Acronym）TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage=TOEFLUnitedStatesofAmerica=USA首字母縮寫法通過去掉被誤認(rèn)的后綴構(gòu)成新詞automation—automategloomy—gloomgreedy—greed逆成法單詞發(fā)音與現(xiàn)象存在聲音上的天然聯(lián)系cuckoo杜鵑(叫聲)，mew貓叫，quack鴨叫擬聲法鞏固練習(xí)Thatmanwas______(care)enoughnottotellthemanagerthetruth.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis______(die)isheavierthanMountTai.Thechildlooked______(sad)athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.Stephensonbecamethe______(lead)railwayengineerintheworld.Whenthe