話題十五人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系第一部分話題詞匯積累單詞&短語1____________n.日曬，曬黑；曬傷2.____________v./n.掙扎，奮斗，努力3.____________n.十年，十年期4.____________n.冗員，額外人員；[口]特級品，特大號商品；超級市場adj.特級的，極好的，非凡的5.____________n.饑餓，渴望v.使饑餓；渴望6.____________n.產(chǎn)量，輸出；輸出量7.____________adj.引起煩惱的，令人不安的vt.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，張開，使發(fā)，詳談；引申9.____________v.循環(huán)，流通；傳遞；傳播；流傳10.____________n.戰(zhàn)役，戰(zhàn)斗v.搏斗，奮斗11.____________adv.因此，所以12.____________vt.擺脫，除去；扔掉；丟棄；消除；趕走13.____________n.自由，自主14.____________v.配備，裝備；使有所準(zhǔn)備，使有能力15.____________v.輸出，出口；傳播n.輸出(品)16.____________n.國籍；(構(gòu)成國家一部分的)民族17.____________n.工作，職業(yè)，占領(lǐng)；消遣；使用；居住18.____________v.使迷惑，使為難；混淆；搞錯(cuò)19.____________n.發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺，—discoverv.發(fā)現(xiàn)20.____________v.集中，聚焦，n.焦點(diǎn)，中心點(diǎn)21.protectrareanimalsandplants____________________________22.popularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledge____________________________23.enhancetheawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection________________________24.improvetheeco-environment____________________________25.developsolarenergy____________________________26.providehabitatsforahugenumberofwildanimalsandplants____________________________27.supplywaterandfoodforhumanbeings____________________________28.paygreatattentiontotheconservationofforest____________________________29.resultinaseriesofproblems____________________________30.helpslowdownthepaceofglobalwarming____________________________完形高頻短語1.aboveall____________________________2.afterall____________________________3.apartfrom____________________________4.asaresultof____________________________5.asfor____________________________6.asif____________________________7.as/solongas____________________________8.asto____________________________9.asusual____________________________10.aswell____________________________11.aswellas____________________________12.atleast____________________________13.atmost____________________________14.attimes____________________________15.beforelong____________________________16.byall/nomeans____________________________17.bychance____________________________18.calmdown____________________________19.dueto____________________________20.evenso____________________________21.evenif/though____________________________22.exceptfor____________________________23.eversince____________________________24.farfrom____________________________25.forlackof____________________________26.getridof____________________________27.inaddition____________________________28.inaddition(to)____________________________29.inahurry____________________________30.incase(of)____________________________31.indetail____________________________32.inexchangefor____________________________33.infavourof____________________________34.infact____________________________35.inneedof____________________________36.inotherwords____________________________37.inreturn____________________________38.inshort____________________________39.inspiteof________________________40.intheend____________________________41.insteadof____________________________42.instore(forsb.)____________________________43.intermsof____________________________44.intime____________________________45.inturn____________________________46.invain____________________________47.nowandthen____________________________48.nowthat____________________________49.onbehalfof____________________________50.onpurpose____________________________51.onthecontrary____________________________52.onthewhole____________________________53.onceagain____________________________54.onceinawhile____________________________55.oncemore____________________________56.otherthan____________________________57.outofplace____________________________58.outofsight____________________________59.ratherthan____________________________60.sofar____________________________詞匯拓展1.ratherthan用作連詞，連接兩個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。既可以表示主觀愿望上的抉擇，“與其……寧可……”,也可以表示客觀程度上的差異，“與其說是……不如說是……”。I,___________you,shoulddothework.該做這工作的是我，而不是你。IthinkI'llhaveacolddrink___________coffee.我想喝冷飲，而不是咖啡。Youaredoingthisforyourself___________foryourfriend.你不是為你朋友，而是為你自己做這種事。Ialwayspreferstartingearly,___________leavingeverythingtothelastminute.我一直都是盡早開始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。Sheinsistedonhavingtheroompapered___________painted.她堅(jiān)持要用紙裱糊房間，而不是把房間粉刷一下。Idecidedtowrite___________telephone.我決定寫信而不是打電話。Iprefertowork___________remainidle.我寧愿工作也不愿閑著。Hetoldalie___________gethisfriendintotrouble.他寧愿說謊也不愿連累朋友。Itwaswhathehadeaten___________whathehaddrunkthatmadehimill.使他得病的不是他喝的東西，而是他吃的東西。2.aswellas用于本義，可視為as...as結(jié)構(gòu)與well的自然搭配，其意為“與……一樣好”。用于引申義，表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“還”。aswellas常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，作“也，還”解。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前一項(xiàng)，后一項(xiàng)只是順便提及。因此連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前一項(xiàng)一致；而用notonly...butalso...連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與后一項(xiàng)一致。Hesings___________,ifnotbetterthan,Mary.要是他唱歌不比瑪麗唱得更好，但至少也是一樣好。Hegrowsflowers___________vegetables.他既種菜也種花。___________learningtoswimhehasbeentakingSpanishlessonsthissummer.今年夏天，他除了學(xué)習(xí)游泳外，還在上西班牙語課。HespeaksSpanish___________EnglishandFrench.他不僅會(huì)說英語和法語，還會(huì)說西班牙語。Tom___________hisparentsisgoingtoLondon.湯姆和他的父母要去倫敦?！韭?lián)想】aswell常用作狀語，作“又；也”解，相當(dāng)于too或also,常位于句末，無須用逗號與句子分開。如：Chinaisasocialistcountry,andadevelopingcountryaswell.中國是一個(gè)社會(huì)主義國家，也是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。Inotonlyplaytheguitar,Isingaswell(=Ialsosing).我不但彈吉他，而且還演唱?；顚W(xué)活用一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.It'syou,ratherthanhe,that___________(be)toblamefortheaccident.2.Sofartheteacheraswellasthestudents___________(see)thefilm.3.Shestaredoutofthewindow,____________(lose)inadaydream.4.Hegavemesometomatoesinexchange___________aliftintotown.5.Although___________(face)aterriblesituation,weshouldn'tlosecontrolordrinktoomuch.二、翻譯句子1.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定會(huì)達(dá)到預(yù)定的目的。(aslongas)________________________________________________________2.學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何充分利用時(shí)間發(fā)展各項(xiàng)技能。(makeuseof)________________________________________________________3.銀行經(jīng)理問他的助手能否在一周制定出投資計(jì)劃。(workout)________________________________________________________4.我要到倫敦去，我妹妹也要去。(aswell)________________________________________________________參考答案單詞&短語1.sunburn2.struggle3.decade4.super5.hunger6.output7.disturbing8.expand9.circulate10.battle11.therefore12.rid13.freedom14.equip15.export16.nationality17.occupation18.confuse19.discovery20.focus21.保護(hù)珍稀動(dòng)植物22.普及環(huán)保知識(shí)23.增強(qiáng)環(huán)境意識(shí)24.改善生態(tài)環(huán)境25.開發(fā)太陽能26.為大量野生動(dòng)植物提供棲息地27.為人類提供水和食物28.非常注重森林保護(hù)29.引發(fā)一系列問題30.幫助減緩全球變暖速度完形高頻短語1.最重要的是；尤其2.畢竟；終究3.①除……外(別無);若不②除……外(尚有)4.作為……的結(jié)果5.就……而言6.好像；似乎7.只要8.關(guān)于某事9.像平常一樣10.也；還11.①與……一樣好②和；也；除……之外12.①(數(shù)量上)不少于②至少；起碼13.至多；最多14.有時(shí)；間或15.很快；不久16.盡一切辦法；務(wù)必；當(dāng)然可以/決不17.碰巧；意外地18.(使)平靜下來19.由于；因?yàn)?0.盡管如此；即使那樣21.盡管；即使22.除了……外；除去；只是23.自從；從……以來24.遠(yuǎn)非；完全不25.因缺少26.擺脫；除去27.另外；加之28.除……之外(還)29.匆忙；急于30.假使；免得；以防(萬一)31.詳細(xì)地32.交換；調(diào)換33.贊同；支持34.其實(shí)；實(shí)際上35.需要36.也就是說；換句話說37.作為交換；作為回報(bào)38.總之；簡言之39.不管；盡管40.最后；終于41.代替；而不是42.即將發(fā)生(在某人身上);等待著(某人)43.從……方面來講；就……而言44.遲早；及時(shí)45.依次；反過來；轉(zhuǎn)而46.徒勞；白辛苦47.時(shí)而；偶爾48.既然；由于49.①代表②為了……50.故意地；有意地51.正相反；恰恰相反52.總的看來；總體而言53.再一次54.偶爾；間或55.再一次56.除……以外(except)57.不在合適的位置上；不合適的；不相稱的58.看不見；在視野之外59.而不60.迄今為止詞匯拓展1.ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan;ratherthan2.aswellas;aswellas;Aswellas;aswellas;aswellas活學(xué)活用一、1.are2.hasseen3.lost4.for5.facing二、1.Aslongasyoustudyhard,youaresuretogettheexpectedgoal.2.Studentsaretolearntomakefulluseoftheirtimetodevelopvariousskillsandabilities.3.Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimtoworkouttheinvestmentplanwithinaweek.4.IamgoingtoLondonandmysisterisgoingaswell.第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練（A）閱讀理解IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica－andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks，theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste，asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin－thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeck,anengineeringprofessoroftheUniversityofGeorgia，caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimate：between5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.“Thisisn'taproblemthatwedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis，”saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.“Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?A．Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B．Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C．TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D．Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.2．What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A．Lackingprotection.B．Beingstuckbyplastics.C．Beingcaughtbyhumans.D．Treatingplasticsasfood.3．WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutiontoplasticwaste.B．Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C．It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D．Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.4．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Anenvironmentalreport.D．Alifestylemagazine.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，主題語境是人與自然。文章主要介紹了如今塑料垃圾已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重地污染了我們的環(huán)境，尤其是海洋環(huán)境，人類應(yīng)該采取措施改變這一現(xiàn)狀。1.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday，waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters，andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.”可知，作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是為了表明塑料垃圾對海洋有持久的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。]2.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Marinespeciesofallsizes，fromzooplanktontowhales，noweatmicroplastics，thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.”可知，海洋動(dòng)物面臨的主要問題是把塑料當(dāng)作食物。故選D項(xiàng)。]3.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”可知，TedSiegler想告訴我們是采取措施處理塑料垃圾的時(shí)候了。故選C項(xiàng)。]4.C[推理判斷題。文章主要是關(guān)于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保護(hù)的，由此可推知這篇文章可能來自一份環(huán)境報(bào)告。故選C項(xiàng)。]（B）語法填空ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby1.________countryisfarfromover.Manyofthefires2.________(send)smokehighintotheatmosphereandsomesmoketurnedintopyrocumulonimbusclouds(火云).Thecloudscouldhelpafiredrawinmoreairandshiftsurfacewinds，3.________(result)infiretornadoes(龍卷風(fēng)).Fireshavedestroyedhabitatsforanimalsthat4.________(find)onlyinAustralia,includingkoalasandrarebirds.Itwilltaketimetofullyknowhowmuchharmthefireshavedone5.________wildlife.Thewildfiresareexpected6.________(continue)burningformonthsasAustraliaentereditsdryseason.Thisp