SectionⅣGrammar限制性定語從句1．(教材P43)AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.2．(教材P43)Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.3．(教材P43)Confucius(551BC－479BC)isthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.4．(教材P43)MenciuswasathinkerwhoseteachingswereverysimilartothoseofConfucius.5．(教材P43)Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.6．(教材P43)Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.7．(教材P43)Asaresult,hespentmanyyearstryingtofindastatewherepeoplewouldfollowhisteachings.8．(教材P43)Mozitaughtthatweshouldloveallhumanbeingsandlookafterthosewhoareweakerthanourselves.在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句為先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語從句，若去掉，被修飾的主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫時不可用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間用逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞指代在從句中充當?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓語表語定語who√√√whom√√that√√√√√which√√√√√whose√√√as√√√√√√1.that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它們在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，which和that在從句中作賓語時可以省略。◆Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.用鉛筆寫的信很難讀。(that作主語，指物)◆(2016·四川卷)Thedishes(that/which)IcookedwereMom’sfavorite.我做的菜是媽媽最喜歡的。(that/which作賓語，指物，亦可省略)◆Thisisthebookwhich/thathasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這就是那本被譯成多種語言的書。(which/that作主語)◆Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewasbeforeshewenttocollege.她已不是上大學前的她了。(that作表語，指人)只能用that而不用which的情況先行詞是all,little,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等詞時當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修飾時當先行詞既有人又有物時只用which而不用that的情況關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that◆GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.桂林是我見過的最美麗的城市?！鬑eistheverypersonthattheyarelookingfor.他正是他們在找的人?！鬞heytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheycouldrememberintheschool.他們談?wù)撝麄兡苡浧鸬牡哪切┦潞腿??！鬞hisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。2．who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在從句中可作主語和賓語，whom在從句中作賓語?！鬞hemanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.昨天在這里的那個人是位畫家。(who作主語)◆Themanwho/whomIsawiscalledSmith.我見到的那個人叫史密斯。(who/whom作賓語，亦可省略)3．whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語?！皐hose＋名詞”可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“the＋名詞＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名詞”的形式?！?2016·北京卷)Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildren(＝thechildrenofwhom)oftenmakealotofnoise.我隔壁住著一對夫妻，他們的孩子經(jīng)常制造很多噪音?！鬚leasepassmethebookwhosecover(＝thecoverofwhich)isgreen.請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。4．a(chǎn)s的用法as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句僅限于先行詞前面有such,thesame等修飾時，as既可指人又可指物，在定語從句中充當主語、賓語等?！鬝heissuchanicegirlaswealllike.她是一個我們大家都喜歡的好女孩?！鬒boughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowed.我買了一本和你借的一樣的詞典。(同一類的兩本詞典)◆ImetthesamepersonthatIsawyesterday.我遇見了昨天我看到的那個人。(同一個人)關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞指代先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞謜hen(＝介詞＋which)時間時間名詞時間狀語where(＝介詞＋which)地點地點名詞或抽象名詞(situation,point,activity,case,stage等)地點狀語why(＝for＋which)原因reason原因狀語◆Icannotforgetthedaywhen(＝onwhich)Ifirstsawyou.我永遠不會忘記第一次見到你的日子?！鬞hisisthehousewhere(＝inwhich)theylivedaweekago.這是一個星期前他們住過的房子?！鬒’vereachedthestagewhereIjustdon’tcareanything.我已經(jīng)到了一種什么都不在乎的階段?！鬞hereasonwhyIdon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。當先行詞是時間名詞、地點名詞或thereason時，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用which或that，缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時，才能用when或where?！敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用whom(指人)或which(指物)，不可用that?！鬌oyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？◆Thisistheworkerwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.這就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，確定介詞的原則是：一先、二動、三意義。一先，即根據(jù)先行詞確定介詞；二動，即根據(jù)從句謂語動詞來確定介詞；三意義，即根據(jù)從句的意義來確定介詞。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Thosewhowanttogotomuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.2．Shedescribedinherpositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.3．(2019·江蘇泰州高一期中)—WhendidyouknowMr.Wang?—Itwaslastmonthwhenhewasknockeddownbyamotorbike.4．Doyoustillrememberthefarmwhereweworkedthreemonthsago?5．PlatowasoneoftheGreekPhilosopherswhoseideashaveinfluencedWesternsociety.6．Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.7．Themanwithwhommyfatherisshakinghandsisapoliceman.8．ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI’veeverread.9．Aputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeverywhere.10．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichtheylivesince2018.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.在which前加in或which→where2．Tibetissuchaplacethatallthepeopleallovertheworldaredreamingofvisiting.that→as__3．ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.去掉it4．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime.they→which/that5．Wewillallrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.when→thateq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法與寫作1.我給你看看我剛從圖書館借的小說。Letmeshowyouthenovelthat/whichIborrowedfromthelibr