TOC\o"1-3"\h\u句法 2簡單句simplesentence 2英語六種基本句型： 21：S+V 22：S+V+P 23：S+V+DO 24：S+V+IO+DO 25：S+V+DO+OC 36:Therebe 3復(fù)雜句complexsentence 3并列復(fù)雜句 4從屬復(fù)雜句 4名詞性從句 4主語從句 4賓語從句 5表語從句 6同位語從句 6形容詞性從句 7定語從句 7限定性定語從句 7非限定性定語從句 7副詞性從句 9狀語從句 9時(shí)間狀語從句(時(shí)間狀語） 9條件狀語從句（用if/unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句） 9地點(diǎn)狀語從句(where) 9原因狀語從句(because,since,as) 10讓步狀語從句（though,although,eventhough,nomatterwhat） 10比較狀語從句（than,as...as） 10目的狀語從句（that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase） 10句法句型分類簡單句simplesentence-只有一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語（Ileft.）英語六種基本句型：1：S+V（主語subject+謂語predicate）2：S+V+P(主語subject+系動(dòng)詞linkverb+表語predicative)3：S+V+DO(主語subject+謂語predicate+賓語object)4：S+V+IO+DO(主語subject+謂語predicate+間接賓語indirecto+直接賓語directo）Idon’tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtroubletodothis.S+V+it+when/ifLove,like,enjoy,hate,appreciate表語從句-表語從句是一個(gè)句子作為表語成分，說明主語。Eg.Theproblemiswhenhecanfinishit.OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Theconventionalpictureisthattensofthousandsofslavesdraggedstonesonsledges.同位語從句同位語-在句子中前后兩詞（組，句）所指意思相同，句法功能相同，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫同位結(jié)構(gòu)，前面是同位詞，后面是同位語。MyboyfriendHooverworksinhere.Webotharelecturer.Helikeshisjob,writingessays.Accordingtohisbiographer,JamesBoswell.同位語從句-在復(fù)雜句充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句是同位語從句。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheisamurder.常見同位名詞中心詞Fact/news/idea/hope/report/opinion/order/question/problem/truth/theory/decision/discovery/conclusion/promise/rumour/possibility/answer/belief,etc.同位語從句種類：限制性同位語從句：緊跟同位名詞非限制性同位語從句：有逗號(hào)或者破折號(hào)與中心詞分開Thenewsthatheintendedtocomegaveusmuchpleasure.Thehardtruth,thathecameoutofthecloset,wasagreatshocktoherparents.形容詞性從句定語定語修飾名詞：定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的?？梢宰鞫ㄕZ成分的有：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、（短語）、分詞、從句出現(xiàn)位置：緊跟名詞前后Ilovebeautifulyou.定語從句-在復(fù)雜句中作定語，修飾限定一個(gè)主語/賓語、表語的名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語從句，被修飾叫做先行詞，由關(guān)系代詞引出。Idon’tliketheboywhoisstraight.ThemanthatIspoketoisHoover.種類限定性定語從句用來限定先行詞的范圍Ilikeamanwhoisrich.非限定性定語從句對于先行詞的一個(gè)進(jìn)一步解釋Ilikeaman,whoisrich.Tips:進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的定語從句可以省略關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞，僅僅用現(xiàn)在分詞。Therearethenations(whichare)feedingbillionsofpeople.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句，可以省略關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞，僅僅用過去分詞。Thecamera(whichwas)orderedlastweekhadnotarrivedyet.區(qū)分同位語從句和定語從句1.同位語：具體內(nèi)容描述，定語：限定修飾-Thenewsthatheisgayistrue.-Thenewsthatthegirltoldmeistrue.2.What/how/whether/is是同位語從句Who翻譯為誰，which翻譯成哪一個(gè),是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。Eg.Ihaveaquestionwhetheryouareagay?Eg.I’msureheisthegaywhoyouwillbegladtogetacquainted.3.that是否在句子做成分，充當(dāng)是定從，不充當(dāng)是同位從。從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整是同位從，不完整是定從。Acompanythatstatestheirproductisthe‘safest’or‘cheapest’needstoshowproof,becausetheseclaimscandirectlyaffecttheircompetitors.Statementslikethese,thatnoonecanprove,arecalledpuffery.Somechildrenexpressedtheideathattheconservationofrainforestsisnotimportant.Themostfrequentresponsestothefirstquestionweredescriptionswhichareself-evidentfromtheterm‘rainforest’.IntheNativeAmericanNavajonation,whichsprawlsacrossfourstatesintheAmericansouth-west,thenativelanguageisdying.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:thatnaturalresourcesarerunningout;thatthepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanet’sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.Platoexpresstheideathathomourissimplyadelightedfeelingofsuperiorityoverothers.KantandFreudfeltthatjoke-tellingreliesonbuildingupapsychictensionwhichissafelypuncturedbytheludicrousnessofpunchline.Thefactthatjokestapintoourgeneralevaluativemachineryexplainswhythelinebetweenfunnyanddisgusting,orfunnyandfrightening,canbesofine.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderpeoplearenowmajorandrelativelyveryexpensiveconsumersofhealth-careresources.副詞性從句狀語狀語修飾動(dòng)詞：狀語用來說明動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式、和伴隨狀況?？梢宰鳡钫Z成分的有：副詞、介詞短語、分詞（過去/現(xiàn)在分詞等）和分詞短語、不定式、從句Igetupat7.Herunsfast.Iamtakingcoursesatschool.Hecomesherebytrain.狀語從句-在復(fù)合句做狀語，起副詞作用的句子叫狀語從句，它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。IwillcallyouwhenIarrivehome.Theshowissoamazingthateveryoneapplauds.種類時(shí)間狀語從句(時(shí)間狀語）IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcametoBeijing.Eg.Thelatterprocedureisunavoidablewhenworkingonforeignlanguages,orchildspeech.條件狀語從句（用if/unless引導(dǎo)的狀語從句）Youwillnotbeabletopassthetestunlessyoustarttostudyhard.Eg.Ifyoustickoutyourtongueandlookinthemirror,youwillseethatitiscoveredwithtinybumps.Thatwouldmatterlessifpeopleappliedthesamedegreeofskepticismtoenvironmentallobbyingastheydotolobbygroupsinotherfields.地點(diǎn)狀語從句(where)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Eg.Daylengthisausefulcueforbreedinginareaswheretemperaturesareunpredictable.原因狀語從句(because,since,as)IamworkingreallyhardbecauseIlovethisjob.讓步狀語從句（though,although,eventhough,nomatterwhat）AlthoughIamexhausted,Iamstilllearning.Theywerenotallowedtoloiterdowntowninanicecreamstore,andwomen...althoughmenwereallowedoneeveningaweektotaketheirgirlfriendsoutiftheywenttochurchregularly.Eventhoughthemantlerocksarekeptsolidbyoverlyingpressure,theycanstillslowly“flow”likethicktreacle.用so...that或such...that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句HKTaresocoolthateverybodylovesthem.比較狀語從句（than,as...as