考研《英語一》2023年浙江省杭州市臨安市臨考沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)LastsummerIwentonatwo-dayriverraftingtripwithmyteenagedaughterastheriverguide.Iwasproudtoseemybabygirl1andconfidentlymovingourraftthroughavarietyof2white-waterconditions.Ialsofoundit3tohavemydaughtergivingcommandsandbarking4astowhenandhowtopaddle(用槳?jiǎng)澊?．Asweapproachedthelargest5ontheriverIcouldfeelmyheartbeatingfaster.Upon6theturbulent(湍急的)water,ourboatgot7onalargerock.Iwasinthefrontoftheboatandreached8withmypaddle,thinkingIwouldhelp9usawayfromtherock.InthenextinstantIcouldfeelmyselffallingoutoftheboatandintotheriver.Ididhavemymomentsof10andterror.Thisresistancedisappearedquickly,11Ilandedinthecold,powerfullyturbulentwater.12myhigh-qualityflotationvest,Iwaspulledunderwater,13thankfully,withinsecondsIpopped(冒出)backuptothe14.Afewmomentslateroneoftheothertripleaderscalledformeto15towardhisboat,whereIwasquicklypulledupandin.Iwasshaken,outofbreath,andquite16tobeoutoftheturbulentwater.Anequivalentofthisexperiencehappensallthetimeinourlives.Thisislife.Youcannotcountonthingsgoing17.Whenwedo,weoften18disappointedandunhappy.Resisting19，whichoftenarrivessuddenlyandunexpectedly,keepsusfrom20thescenario(可能要發(fā)生的事)unfoldingbeforeusclearly,anditcankeepusfromactinginwaysthataresmartandeffectiveandthatleadtoresultsthatmakeusfeelgoodandproudofourselves.1、A．painfully B．gradually C．extremely D．skillfully2、A．freezing B．challenging C．fascinating D．thrilling3、A．a(chǎn)shamed B．a(chǎn)nnoying C．unbearable D．troublesome4、A．opinions B．lectures C．orders D．lessons5、A．rapid B．rock C．gap D．target6、A．pouring B．pumping C．entering D．covering7、A．occupied B．stuck C．rescued D．damaged8、A．backward B．down C．forward D．a(chǎn)cross9、A．scare B．hide C．pull D．push10、A．excitement B．performance C．suffering D．resistance11、A．before B．while C．because D．a(chǎn)s12、A．With B．Despite C．In D．Below13、A．but B．therefore C．so D．or14、A．boat B．surface C．water D．terror15、A．wander B．flow C．float D．swing16、A．shocked B．relieved C．disturbed D．embarrassed17、A．potentially B．randomly C．smoothly D．quickly18、A．windup B．hurryup C．thinkup D．comeup19、A．change B．temptation C．pressure D．effort20、A．a(chǎn)ssessing B．seeing C．a(chǎn)ppreciating D．mindingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Accordingtoscientists’research,themonthinwhichbabiesareborncouldaffecttheminsomeways.Babiesborninspringgetsickeasily.ChildrenbornunderAquarius(Jan.21st----Feb.19th)maybelesscleverthanthoseborninotherseasons.Theymayalsohaveshorterlivesthanthoseborninautumn.Scientistsbelievemanyofthedifferencescanbeexplainedbythemother'sexposuretosunlightinpregnancy(懷孕).SunlighthelpsleadtotheproductionofVitamin(維生素)Dinthebody.Thelack(缺乏)ofvitaminDinthefirstmonthsoflifemayhaveabadeffectonhealth.VitaminDiscalledthe"sunshinevitamin".Ithasagoodeffectonhealth.AstudyshowedthatpeoplebornfromApriltoJunehadslightlyshorterlivesthanthoseborninOctober,NovemberorDecember.SimilarstudiesintheUSAshowedthatpeopleborninautumnlivedabout160dayslongerthanthoseborninspring.ProfessorRussellFostersaidtheconclusionsweresurprisingandinteresting.Headded,"Thesearesmalleffectsbuttheyarevery,veryclear.Iamnotgivingvoicetostarsignsandtheyarejustforfun.Butitistruethatweareaffectedbyourseasonofbirth."1、Babiesbornin______getsickeasily.A．summerB．springC．a(chǎn)utumnD．winter2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exposure”meaninChinese?A．偏愛B．抗拒C．過敏D．暴露3、WhatcanweknowaboutvitaminDaccordingtothepassage?A．ItcomesfromsunlightB．Itdoesn’thelppeoplelivelongerC．Sunlightpreventsits’productionD．IthasagoodeffectonhealthText2Solarenergysystems/powerplantsdonotproduceairpollution,waterpollution,orgreenhousegases.Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive,indirecteffectontheenvironment,whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.However,somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保熱的)systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant,largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplant-smayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition,thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeopleconsumeeachday.However,onthesur~aceoftheearth,solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlightvariesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyandonaseasonalbasis.ThetypeandsizeofasoIarenergycollectionandconversionsystemdetermineshowmuchoftheavailablesolarenergywecanconvertintousefulenergy.1、Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"hazardous"underlinedinparagraph2?A．inexpensive B．dangerousC．ineffective D．a(chǎn)bnormal2、Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations?A．Pollutingthegroundwater.B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea.3、Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C．Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.4、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesolarenergysystems?A．Theyaretotallyenvironment-friendly.B．Theyhavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C．Theyshouldbeforbiddeninthefuture.D．TheyshouIdbeencouragedinquantities.Text3Howfarwouldyougoforyourkidseducation?That'saquestionmanyparentsareaskinginthewakeofthecollegecheatingscandal(丑聞)involving38wealthyparentsaroundthecountry，includingactressesLoriLoughlinandFelicityHuffman.Here’showfarIwent.Inthefallof2017myhusbandandIlostourjobs.Wehadtotellourdaughter,Casey,thatwecouldn’taffordtosendherbacktoschoolforherjunioryearatFordhamUniversity.WedecidedthebestchoiceforourfamilywouldbeforCaseytositoutayear.Wepromisedthatwewouldgetherbackthefollowingyear.CaseydecidedtospendtheyearvolunteeringinSouthAfricaOnSept30,2017,weputouroldestchildonaplanehalfwayaroundtheworld.Caseyworkedasatutorteachingkidsmath,EnglishandmusicinJohannesburg.WedidgetCaseybackinschoolintime.Whenshereturnedtothecampus,shestudiedharder.Sheisn'twhatsheusedtobe.Eachdayismarkedbygratitudebecausesheknowswhatitislikenottobeabletogetaneducation.IwonderwhythecollegecheatingscandalhappenedandIthinkitboilsdowntothis:Parentswanttocreateacomfortzonefortheirkids.Ofcourse,wewantthebestforourkidsbutsometimesweforgetthatrealgrowthdoesn'thappenintimesofcomfort;thosevaluablelessonscomewhenweareforcedtothinkinwaysweotherwisewouldn’thaveWhileIdidlessformychildthanthesewealthyparentsdidintermsofmeans,inotherwaysIdidmore.Itaughtherthatdisappointmentisapartoflifeandweshouldfaceitbravelyratherthanavoidit.MyhusbandandIshowedCaseythatherstrengthisinherstruggle.That'showfarIwentformykidseducation.AndIdaresaysheiswiserandbetteroffforit.1、Whatdotheparentsinvolvedinthecollegecheatingscandalhaveincommon?A．Theyarewell–known B．TheyareaggressiveC．Theyareveryrich D．Theyareconservative.2、ThewritermadethedecisiontopullCaseyoutofschool__________A．forlackofmoney B．becauseofherillnessC．a(chǎn)saresultofcheatings D．duetoherbadbehaviour3、Whatdoesthewriterthinkofherdaughter’svolunteeringinSouthAfricaforayear?A．It’smeaningless. B．Itiswellworthit.C．Itisawasteoftime D．Itisawrongdecision.4、Thewriteradvisesparentsto____.A．createacomfortzonefortheirkids B．dowhatevertheycanfortheirkidsC．helptheirkidshaveabettereducation D．lettheirkidsexperiencedisappointmentText4WhenAmericansoldiersreturnhomefromwarwithdisabilities,theyoftensuffertwice—firstfromtheircombatinjuries,nextfromthehumiliation（羞辱）ofgovernmentdependency.Woundedveterans（老兵）learntheyhavetwobasicchoices:Theycanreceivealmost$3,000amonthindisabilitybenefitsalongwithmedicalcareandaccesstoothervariouswelfareprograms,ortheycantrytofindajob.Especiallyinthiseconomy,it’snowonderthatmanyfindthatfirstoptionhardtoturndown.MarkDuggan,aneconomicsprofessoratStanfordUniversity,reportsthatenrollmentintheU.S.veterans’disabilityprogramsrosefrom2.3millionin2001to3.9millionin2014.Thepercentageofveteransreceivingbenefitsdoubled,from8.9%in2001to18%in2014.Disabilityservicesforveteransnowconsume$59billion.Inthe1980sand1990s,maleveteransweremorelikelytobeinthelaborforcethannonveterans.Butsince2000,thathaschangeddramatically.Nowthereisa4%gapbetweenveteranandnon-veteranlaborparticipation,withveteranparticipationlower.NavySEALEricGreitens,thefounderofTheMissionContinues,explainshowsoldierswhoservedtheircountryaretransformedintowelfarereceiverswholiveofftheircountry.“Whenveteranscomehomefromwartheyaregoingthroughatremendouschangeinidentity,”hesays.“ThentheUnitedStatesDepartmentofVeteransAffairs,andothers,encouragethemtoviewthemselvesasdisabled.”BythetimetheycometoGreitens’non-profitorganization,“Wemeetanumberofveteranswhoseethemselvesascharitycasesandarenotsureanymorewhattheyhavetocontribute.”Therearealsomorepracticalfactorsdrivingthedisabilityboom.Oneistheexpansionofqualificationcriteria.In2000,forinstance,type2diabeteswasaddedasadisabilitybecauseofevidencelinkingexposuretoAgentOrangewiththeonsetofthedisease.Heartdiseasehasalsobeenaddedtothelist.Anotherpossiblefactoristhatyoungerveteransseemlessagainstwelfarethantheirparents’generation.Veteranswhohaveservedsincethe1990saremuchmorelikelytosignupfordisabilitythantheiroldercounterparts;1in4youngerveteransisondisability,versusjust1in7ofthoseoverage54.Weshouldn’tgobacktothebadolddayswhenveteranswereafraidtoadmitweakness.ButLt.Col.DanielGadeisoneofmanyveteranswhothinkourdisabilitysystemisharmful,psychologically,toformersoldiers.Gadelosthislegincombatin2005andnowteachesatWestPoint.HerecentlygaveatalktodisabledveteransatFt.Carson,inwhichheurgedthemtorejointheworkforce.“Peoplewhostayhomebecausetheyaregettingpaidenoughtogetbyondisabilityareworseoff,”hewarned.“Theyaremorelikelytoabusedrugsandalcohol.Theyaremorelikelytolivealone.”Whatawasteofhumanpotential,especiallysincemostveteransondisabilitystillhavetheirprimeworkingyearsaheadofthemwhenthey’redischarged（遣退）.Wecouldsolvethisproblembychangingthewayweview-andlabel-veteranswithdisabilities.AsGadenotedinarecentarticle,“Veteransshouldbeviewedasresources,notasdamagedgoods.”Herecommendedthat“effortstohelpveteransshouldbeginbyrecognizingtheirabilitiesratherthanfocusingonlyonthendisabilities,andshouldservetheultimateaimofmovingwoundedsoldierstorealself-sufficiency.”O(jiān)namorepracticalnote,theUnitedStatesDepartmentofVeteransAffairscouldreallocate（再分配）resourcestospendmoreonjobtrainingandlessondisability.Currentplacementprogramsaresadlyinadequate.Wearegoodatsendingsoldiersofftowar.Yetwhentheseyoungmenandwomenreturnhome,theyareessentiallytold,“We’llgiveyouenoughforareasonablycomfortablelife,butwewon’thelpyoufindajob.”Itisunreasonablethatwearecondemningthousandsofyoungveteranswhoservedtheircountrytolifeonthedole（失業(yè)救濟(jì)金）ratherthanenablingthemtore-entertheworkforcewiththenecessaryaccommodations.1、Whatdomoreandmorewoundedveteransappeartodonowadays?A．Dependonthegovernmentforaliving.B．Betreatedbadlyinmostworkplaces.C．Askthegovernmentformoredole.D．Spendmoretimeonjobhunting.2、HowdoesMarkDugganprovehisopinioninthepassage?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byperformingexperiments.D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.3、Whatdidveteransusetodointhe1980sand1990s?A．Refusetofindjobs.B．Beamainlaborresource.C．Havemuchtroublefindingjobs.D．Receivemanydisabilitybenefits.4、Oneofthereasonswhytherearemoredisabledveteransisthat.A．damagefromthewarisgreaterthaneverB．veteranshavesufferedmuchmorethaneverC．thescaleofdisabilitieshasbeenbroadenedD．olderveteransaren’tafraidtoadmittheirdisability5、InCade’sopinion,theveteranswhoreceivewelfarefromthegovernmenttendto_______.A．savemoretroubleforthegovernmentB．leadamiserableandunhappylifeC．increasinglydependonthegovernmentD．sufferthehumiliationoftheircombatinjuriesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?Whichfamoussitesdidyouvisit?Or,ifitisthefirsttimethatyou1．(be)there,whichonewillyoucheckout?Someworldfamous2．(culture)sitesmayalreadybeonyourlist:BuckinghamPalace,BigBenandtheLondonTowerHowever,atourofLondonwouldbeincomplete3．checkingouttheLondonartsceneAsaguidebookLondon’sSecrets:Museums&Galleriesputit,London’sartisalotlike4．cityitself—“diverse,vast,andinaconstantstateofchangesFromoldmasterstostreetartandeverythinginbetween,Londonhasitall”Infact,accordingtoTheTelegraph,museumsandgallerieswerethemost5．(visit)attractionsinBritainlastyearTheBritishMuseum,6．celebratedits225thanniversarythisyear,hadthemostvisitors,at6,701,7．AccordingtoTheArtNewspaper,theBritishMuseum’sincreased8．(popular)isdowntoitsexhibitions,particularlyitsLifeandDeathinPompeiiandHerculaneumshow(March-September2017)Therearemorethan7millionartifacts(文物)intheBritishMuseumNotallofthemareondisplay,butmuchofthecollection9．(constant)rotates(輪換),soyou’llseesomethingnewwitheachvisitSo,10．you’reanartloverorjustlookingforafuntime,you’resure11．(find)inspirationinLondonMyhusbandandIwerepayingavisit1．myparentsinTucsonWewenttoafast﹣foodrestaurantfordinnertogetherMyhusbandwenttothecounter2．(order)dishesandIstoodwithmyparentsMydadis90yearsoldHecanhardlyseeverywellandwalkswithastickIwasscanningtherestaurant,3．(wait)tositatthefirsttablethatwas4．(convenient)thanothersAwomanwhowassittingwithhersonmadeeyecontactwithmeandaskedmetocometoherWitha5．(puzzle)lookonmyface,Ipointedtomyselfandsaid,"Me?"She6．(nod)andsaid,"Yes,you"Iwalkedtothetableandshesaid,"BringyourfamilyhereIcanfinisheatingatthecounterMysonisin7．hurrytoleaveanyway"Myeyes8．(fill)withtearsasshewipeddownthetableandguidedmydadtotheseatIalwaysbelievethatthereare9．(nature)kindpeopleinthisworldThiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson,10．isareallyluckyguySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)You'veprobablyheardthephrase"gooutsideandgetsomefreshair"before．Breathingfreshaircanmakeusfeelmoreenergetic．1、．AccordingtoanewstudyfromtheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO），nineoutofevery10peopleontheplanetbreathepollutedaireveryday．Pollutedaircangetdeepinsideyourlungswhenyoubreathe，causingdiseaseslikelungcancerandheartdisease．Around7millionpeopledieeveryyearfrombreathingpollutedair．2、，mainlyinAsiaandAfrica．Amongtheworld's20mostpollutedcities，14areinIndia．Someofthebiggestsourcesofairpollutionincludefactoriesandvehicles．Insomeregions，sandanddesertdust，aswellastheburningofwaste，alsocauseairpollution．3、．Morethan40percentoftheworld'spopulationisstillusingwoodstoves（木柴爐）oropenfirestomakemealsandheattheirhomes．Thiscreatesharmfulparticles（顆粒）andgasesindoors．4、．Indiahasprovided37millionpoorpeoplewithfreeliquifiedPetroleumgas（液化石油氣），whileMexicoCityhascreatedcleanervehiclestandards．MariaNeira，theWHO'sheadofpublichealth，saidChinahassetagoodexampletotheworldinimprovingairquality．"5、，"shesaid．A．Morethan90percentofthesedeathshappeninlow-incomeandmiddle-incomecountriesB．Althoughthisproblemisserious，thegoodnewsisthatcountriesaretakingactiontofightitC．Anotherlargesourceofairpollutioncanbefoundinsomepeople'shomesD．However，noteveryoneintheworldhasthechancetoenjoyitE．AirpollutionisaseriousproblemaroundtheworldF．ThereisabigstepatthegovernmentlevelinChinadeclaringwaronairpollutionG．Peoplew