取得英語語法成功的基石句子成分和句子的基本類型句子成分主謂賓

主語謂語賓語定語

狀語

補(bǔ)語同位語主語謂語賓語觀察下面一個例句，你能找到句中的“主語”

、“謂語”、“賓語”嗎?因此這是個典型的“主謂賓”句型。Ibeatyou.主語謂語賓語SVO思考一下：

什么是主語(Subject)呢?主語是動作的主體部分在主動句中：主語是動作的發(fā)出者IteachyouEnglish.

在被動句中：主語是動作的承受者Youarebeaten.主語一般由名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞充當(dāng)。Wearegoodfriends.主語還可以由從句或非謂語動詞充當(dāng)。WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.TolearnEnglishisdifficult.（代詞）我們再想一想什么是謂語(Predicate)謂語表示一個動作、行為，是由動詞充當(dāng)?shù)?。IteachyouEnglish.一個句子能不能沒有謂語？謂語不能一般現(xiàn)在時 1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的動作。

Iusuallyhavemyhaircutonceamonth.Thestudentsoftendotheirexperimentsinthelab.2.表客觀真理、格言及不受時間限制的客觀存在。Theteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroudthesun.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.3.表示按時間表、計劃、規(guī)定發(fā)生的事情。

Thetrainleavesat2:35thisafternoon.4.在主句是一般將來時的時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中代替將來時。

Youwillsucceedifyoutryyourbest.Evenifitrainstomorrow,thefootballmatchwilltakeplace.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.表示說話人正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

Myfriendsarewaitingforusoutsidenow.2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事情。

SheislearningEnglishatcollege.3.某些短暫性動詞，如come.gostartopenclosearrivereturnbeginleave等用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)表達(dá)將來時的含義。

MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.SheisleavingforBeijingnextweek.4.某些動詞的進(jìn)行時表示慢慢地、漸漸地發(fā)生變化。

Sheislosingsight.

現(xiàn)在完成時1.表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，常與recentlylatelyeverneveroncebeforeyet連用。

HaveyoubeentoLondon?Hehasn'theardanynewsfromhissonlately.2.表示開始于過去某一時刻，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動作。常與sofar,uptonow,inthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays連用

Hehaslearned5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作從過去到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)、反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作。今天早上我一直給他打電話，但是無人接聽。Ihavebeencallinghimthismorning,butthereisnoanswer.我非常累，整個下午我都在刷墻。

Iamverytired.Ihavebeenpaintingthehousealltheafternoon.我一直在寫信。Ihavebeenwritingaletter.

翻譯以下句子：1.他不在這家工廠工作。

Hedoesn’tworkinthisfactory.2.Tom正在客廳里看電視嗎？

IsTomwatchingTVinthesitting-roomnow?3.他們已經(jīng)學(xué)了三首英文歌曲.

TheyhavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsalready. 4.我們刷了兩個小時的墻。

Wehavebeenpaintingthehousefor2hours.AMidsummerNight’sdream______(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.2.It_________(rain)asthemedicalteammadeitswaytothefront.3.Inthelastfewyears,China__________(make)greatachievementsintheenvironmentalprotection.4.-----WhereisPeter?

-----Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand____________(write)hisessaythereeversince.openswasraininghasmadehasbeenwriting過去時一般過去時過去進(jìn)行時 過去完成時 過去將來時一般過去時：表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時：表示過去某一時刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時：表示過去的某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去’.過去將來時：以過去時間為基點(diǎn)，將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。翻譯我昨天沒有去那里拿食物。

Ididn’tgothereforsomefoodyesterday.2.當(dāng)我進(jìn)入教室時，他們正在寫作業(yè)。

TheyweredoingtheirhomeworkwhenI enteredtheirclassroom.3.在他進(jìn)入劇院之前，電影已經(jīng)放映4分鐘了。

Beforehearrivedatthecinema,thefilm hadbeenonforfourminutes.4.他說他會來幫助我們。

Hesaidhewouldcomeheretohelpus.填空：1.ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI________(leave)mybookinthecafé.Theymadeuptheirmindsthatthey________(buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.4.She____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.hadleftarrived

wouldbuywasphoning將來時 一般將來時將來進(jìn)行時將來完成時 一般將來時：表示將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。將來進(jìn)行時：將來某個時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。將來完成時：表示將來的某個時間已經(jīng)完成的動作。翻譯1.他們下周會來參觀劇院嗎？

WilltheyvisitthemuseumnextSunday?2.明天晚上五點(diǎn)鐘，我會在學(xué)校門口等你。

Iwillbewaitingforyouattheschoolgateat5o’clocktomorrowevening.3.下個月底前她將完成了這份報告。

Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytheendofnextmonth.填空：----Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.----Allright.I_________(call)himlater.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe______________(teach)aclassatthattime.Bytheendofthisterm,we______________(learn)1000words.willcallwillbeteachingwillhavelearned找出下列句子中的謂語：IregretwhatIhavedone.Pleaseturnoffthelight.Youshouldtrythebarber’swhereIgo.Shehasservedthefamilyfaithfullyforthirtyyears.Everyoneshouldobeythelaw.Welikeswimminginhotweather.Mymotheraskedmetoputmylittlebrotherintotheschoolbag.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmorethanwe______________.(expect)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody__________(see)themsince.3.-----Hi,Let’sgoskating.-----Sorry,Iambusynow.I__________(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.4.Inoticedamansittingatthefront.He_________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitvoice.hadexpectedhasseenamfillingwaspretending5.Theearth_______(move)aroundthesun.6.TheexhibitionopensonJanuary1stand______(close)onJanuary31st.7.I______(go)tothecinemaonceaweekwhenIwasatschool.8.Theysaidthey__________(let)meknowassoonastheygotthere.9.Wewillputofftillnextweekendifit_____(rain)tomorrow.movescloseswentwouldletrains賓語名詞、代詞、動詞-ing、動詞不定式、wh+動詞不定式、從句都可以作賓語。賓語包括及物動詞賓語和介詞賓語。1)Idon’tknowthemanoverthere.2)Hewantstobeanengineer.3)Alicethinksitinterestingtoswimwithhersister.4)Didyouenjoyplayinggameswiththemattheparty?5)Doyouknowwheretoholdthesports meet?6)Idon’tknowwherethesportsmeetwillbeheld.7)WeareinterestedinEnglishandMaths.8)Wemustpreventtheriversfrom

being polluted.找出下列句中的賓語：Heinvitedustothepartyyesterday.JackchosetotakeajobinParis.Ilikeswimminginhotweather.Youshouldalsothinkabouthowfaryourchildhastotraveltoschool.Whenheisfinished,hejumpshighintotheair.定語前置定語和后置定語。形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、物主代詞的所有格、(單個)動詞ing形式、(單個)過去分詞常作前置定語。不定式、介詞短語和過去分詞短語常做后置定語1)ThetallboyisTom’s

elderbrother.2)Thedancinghallisbeingrepairednow.3)Thebrokencupisn’tmine.4)Thesleepinggirlis

my

youngersister.ThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.aninterestingbookameetingtoattendThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf找出下列句子中的定語：1.Thisisadifficultproblem.2.Yourcomputerisonthesofa.3.Weallknowthattheelephanthasfourlegs.4.Iprefertoseeawomandoctor.5.Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.6.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.7.Ihavenowaytosolvethisproblem.8.Toavoidtheproblemabove,youshouldbecarfulnexttime.狀語(Adverbial)狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。Theboyreallyneedsapen.Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen.Theboy,now,needsapen.Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.Hesitsthere,askingforapen.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.補(bǔ)語(Complement)Hemadehissistercry.Hissisterwasmadetocry.補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。補(bǔ)語一般由名詞或形容詞充當(dāng)。Don’tleavemealone.(OC)主語補(bǔ)語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語名詞、形容詞、表示方向地點(diǎn)的副詞、動詞-ing、動詞的過去分詞、動詞不定式、wh+動詞不定式、介詞短語、從句都可以作表語。1)Heisn’tateacher.2)Johnisquitetall.3)Aretheyin?4)Hisfull-timejobissellingnewspapers.(對比)Heissellingnewspapersnow.5)Thecupisbroken.(對比)Thecupwasbrokenbythecatlast night.6)Hewastoleavewhenthephonerang.7)Thequestioniswhenandwheretogoforpicnic.8)Thequestioniswhenandwherewewillgoforapicnic.9)Thechildrenareinthereading-room now.同位語(Appositive)同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面，重復(fù)指代同一事物。同位語一般由名詞或名詞詞組充當(dāng)TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.名詞性從句也可以充當(dāng)同位語（修飾抽象名詞為多）Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.句子的類型簡單句的分類英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為三類:簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。一、簡單句定義：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡單句。例如：

Alicestudiedhard.LiMingandZhangHuaworkinthesamefactory.BothTonyandJimgotoschoolatseveninthemorning,havelunchthereandcomebackatfiveintheafternoon.簡單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)1.主語+謂語（vi）HerfatherworksinNanjing.Sheiswalkingalongthelake.Springhascome.Thecandlehadgoneout.Thesportsmeetwilltakeplacenextweek.Manyproblemhasarisen.

簡單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)2.主語+系表結(jié)構(gòu)

Heisateacher.Treesaregreen.Shebecameangryathiswords.Themanseemskind.３．主語+謂語+賓語(vt)

Hefoundabirdinthetree.Mysisterenjoysthesong.Heforgottoposttheletter.Marydeniedtakingthepen.簡單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)４．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語可以同時跟兩個賓語的動詞叫雙賓動詞,雙賓語的一個賓語是人，為間接賓語；另一個賓語指物，為直接賓語。

Hegavehissisterapiano.Shewrotehimalongletter.Theworkertoldusalotabouthislifeinthepast.Wouldyoutellmewheretogettheticket.Handmethatbook.Pleaseshowmeyourticket,please?簡單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

Ifoundhimbusy.Thenewsmadeherexcited.TheyconsiderJimagoodstudent.Ioftenhearhersingthesong.Weelectedhimmonitor.Shekeptuswaitingforhalfanhour.二、并列句定義：并列句是由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成的句子。并列連詞有and,but,or,so,either…or…,neither…nor…notonly…butalso…結(jié)構(gòu):

簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句

Thisismineandthatishers.Theseshoesarenotcheapbuttheyareverygood.定義:復(fù)合句(主從復(fù)合句)是有一個主句和一個或者一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子.復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，可以獨(dú)立存在。從句需要有一個連詞引導(dǎo)，是修飾說明主語的，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句可以分為三大類：名詞性從句（主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句）定語從句和狀語從句。三、復(fù)合句

鞏固性練習(xí)請判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型1.Heisrunning.2.Theloudvoicefromtheupstairsmadehimangry.3.Thelittleboyisaskingtheteacherallkindsofquestions.4.Sheseemedangry.5.Myfatherboughtmeabeautifulpresent.6.Whydoyoukeepyoureyesclosed？7.Willyoutellusanexcitingstory？8.Wemustkeepourclassroomtidyandclean.9.Iheardthebabycryinginthesittingroom.10.Canyoupushthewindowopen？主語從句主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語。可以引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：that,whether,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoeverThathewillsucceediscertain.Whethershewillgothereisnotknown.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.表語從句是用作表語的句子.一般放在主語的謂語動詞（連系動詞）之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有that,whether,asif…,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,howThequestionisthatheisalso

shortofmoney.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.表語從句表語從句Theproblemiswhetherhewillagreetothesuggestionornot.Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool.Itlookedasifitisgoingtorain.

賓語從句Ireallyfeelthatheneedsmore

practice.Theoldladylikessayingthatshe

hasagoodson.Iwanttoknowifshestilllives

here.Thisdependsonwhetherheis

interestedinEnglish.

賓語從句Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Idon’tknowwhyhedidn’tcome.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebest.同位語從句同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo),同news,fact,hope,idea,promise,suggestion,構(gòu)成“Thefactthat…+句子的”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Thefactthathewonthefirstprizecan’tbetrue.HaveyouheardthenewsthatMarywillgetmarriedsoon?Thesuggestionthattheplanshouldbedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.

定語從句定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。定語從句在句中起定語的作用，被定語修飾的詞為先行詞。ThemanwhowrotethebookisanEnglishprofessor.Ilikereadingthebookthatyoureadlastmonth.Sheisthenotonthetrainthatarrivedafewminutesago.狀語從句狀語從句由連詞引導(dǎo)，在句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，只起到連接的作用．根據(jù)意義上的不同，狀語從句可分為下列幾種：時間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從