WaltWhitmanOneofthegreatestinnovators/poetsinAmericanliterature〔19thcentury〕HegaveAmericaitsfirstgenuineepicpoem:LeavesofGrassDeadPoemSocietyJohnKeating:OCaptain,myCaptain.ThemeofHisPoemsoptimisticexpectationandenthusiasmaboutnewthingsandnewepochconcernforthewholehard-workingpeopleandtheburgeoninglifeofcitiestherealizationoftheindividualvaluePursuitofloveandhappinessLeavesofGrassAsymbolofWhitman’spoemsAmanifestationofWhitman’sdemocraticideasAsymbolofnewAmericanswiththeirAmericanspiritSongofMyself1345linesthelongestpoeminLeavesofGrasstwoprincipalbeliefs:first,atheoryofuniversality;second,allthingsareequalinvalue.

Style:“FreeVerse〞

nofixedrhymeorschemeparallelism,arhythmofthoughtphoneticrecurrencethehabitofusingsnapshots(快照)theuseofacertainpronoun“I〞alooserandmoreopen-endedsyntacticstructureuseofconventionalimagestrongtendencytouseoralEnglishvocabulary–powerful,colourful,rarely-usedwordsofforeignorigins,someevenwrong2.sentences–cataloguetechnique:longlistofnames,longpoemlinesSongofMyselfPart1

ICELEBRATEmyself,andsingmyself,

AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,

Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.

我贊美我自己，歌唱我自己，我所承擔(dān)的你也將承擔(dān)，因為屬于我的每一個原子也同樣屬于你。assume:undertakeadutyIloafeandinvitemysoul,

Ileanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.

我閑游，還邀請了我的靈魂〔一起〕，

我俯身悠閑地觀察著一片夏日的草葉。SongofMyselfPart1

Loafe:=loafspear:apointedstemofaplantMytongue,everyatomofmyblood,form'dfromthissoil,thisair,

Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,

I,nowthirty-sevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,

Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.我的舌，我血液中的每個原子，是在這片土壤、這個空氣里形成的，

我生在這里，我的父母生在這里，他們的父母也生在這里，

我如今三十七歲，一生下身體就十分健康，

希望永遠(yuǎn)如此，直到死去。SongofMyselfPart1

Creedsandschoolsinabeyance,

Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare,butneverforgotten,

Iharborforgoodorbad,Ipermittospeakateveryhazard,

Naturewithoutcheckwithoriginalenergy.教條和學(xué)派暫且不管，它們從目前的地位暫時后退，但也絕不會被遺忘；好也罷，壞也罷，我無所畏懼地讓自然盡情地以原始的活力說話。SongofMyselfPart1

abeyance：astateofdisuseorsuspensionhazard:dangerorrisk;chancecheck:arestraintonactionAlonefarinthewildsandmountainsIhunt,Wanderingamazedatmyownlightnessandglee,Inthelateafternoonchoosingasafespottopassthenight,Kindlingafireandbroilingthefresh-kill'dgame,Fallingasleeponthegather'dleaveswithmydogandgunbymyside.我單獨在遙遠(yuǎn)的荒山野外等待獵物的出現(xiàn)，深深地驚喜于我的輕快和昂揚，在天晚時尋覓了一個平安的地方過夜，燃起火，烤熟了剛獵到的野味，我全身酥軟地躺在集攏來的葉子上，我的狗和槍躺在我的身旁。SongofMyselfPart10

TheYankeeclipperisunderhersky-sails,shecutsthesparkleandscud,Myeyessettletheland,Ibendatherproworshoutjoyouslyfromthedeck.Theboatmenandclam-diggersaroseearlyandstoptforme,Ituck'dmytrowser-endsinmybootsandwentandhadagoodtime;Youshouldhavebeenwithusthatdayroundthechowder-kettle.高揚風(fēng)帆的美國人的快艦，沖過了閃電和雷雨。我的目光投向遙遠(yuǎn)的陸地，我在船蓋上彎著腰，或者在艙面上歡快地說笑。水手們和拾蚌人早早地起來等待著我，我將褲腳塞在靴筒里，上岸去撒開性子玩了個痛快。那一天，你真應(yīng)該和我們一起，圍坐在野餐小鍋的四周。SongofMyselfPart10

Isawthemarriageofthetrapperintheopenairinthefarwest,the

bridewasaredgirl,Herfatherandhisfriendssatnearcross-leggedanddumblysmoking,

theyhadmoccasinstotheirfeetandlargethickblankets

hanging

fromtheirshoulders,Onabankloungedthetrapper,hewasdrestmostlyinskins,his

luxuriantbeardandcurlsprotectedhisneck,heheldhisbride

bythehand,Shehadlongeyelashes,herheadwasbare,hercoarsestraightlocks

descendeduponhervoluptuouslimbsandreach'dtoherfeet.SongofMyselfPart10

在遠(yuǎn)處的地方，我目睹過獵人在露天舉行的婚禮，新娘是一個紅種女人，她的父親和他的朋友們在旁邊盤腿坐下，不做聲息地吸著煙，他們都穿著鹿皮鞋，肩披厚大的氈條。這個獵人慢悠悠地信步河上，幾乎全身都穿著皮衣，他的蓬松的胡子和卷發(fā)掩蓋了他的脖領(lǐng)，他和新娘手挽著手，她的睫毛很長，沒戴帽子，她的粗而直的頭發(fā)披散在她飽滿的四肢上，一直到了她的腳踝。SongofMyselfPart10

Therunawayslavecametomyhouseandstoptoutside,Iheardhismotionscracklingthetwigsofthewoodpile,Throughtheswunghalf-doorofthekitchenIsawhimlimpsyandweak,Andwentwherehesatonalogandledhiminandassuredhim,Andbroughtwaterandfill'datubforhissweatedbodyandbruis'dfeet,Andgavehimaroomthatenter'dfrommyown,andgavehimsomecoarsecleanclothes,Andrememberperfectlywellhisrevolvingeyesandhisawkwardness,Andrememberputtingplastersonthegallsofhisneckandankles;Hestaidwithmeaweekbeforehewasrecuperatedandpass'dnorth,Ihadhimsitnextmeattable,myfire-locklean'dinthecorner.

SongofMyselfPart10

逃亡的黑奴來到我的屋子，躲在屋外。我聽見他碰響木樁