2022中考專題（一）名詞I.名詞的分類(lèi)：(1)名詞的定義：名詞是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名稱的詞。如：book（書(shū));bread（面包）;news（新聞）;boy（男孩）; Tom（湯姆）;London（倫敦）;China（中國(guó)）【2022廣東佛山】－Whose_________(貓)isthat?－It’shers.【2022廣東佛山】－What’syour__________?－Ilikeplayingtheviolinverymuch.（2）名詞的分類(lèi)：名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞=1\*GB3①專有名詞：表示人、地方、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名稱，專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母通常大寫(xiě)如：Tom/Beijing/ProjectHope/WTO=2\*GB3②普通名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(1)：可數(shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞（teacher/desk/box/city)和集體名詞(police/family)【注】：集體名詞前不可使用不定冠詞；集體名詞不與one連用。(2)：不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(milk/water/rain/wood)和抽象名詞（work/friendship/peace/love)II.名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)：【可數(shù)名詞】：可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的名詞，叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。(1)單數(shù)：指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式,在名詞直接加a或an，表示一個(gè)：abananaabookapenanorangeanappleaneraser【2022陜西】Johnwantstobea_____,soheoftenhelpssickpeopleinthehospital.A.reporterB.doctorC.scientistD.Cook【2022山東德州3】A/An_________canusehisdrawingstotellaboutbeautifulmountains,theblueseaandmanyotherthings.A.actorB.scientistC.artistD.doctor(2)復(fù)數(shù)：指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式:名詞復(fù)數(shù)是在單數(shù)名詞后加-s/-es構(gòu)成(特殊情況除外)twobananas____________threewatches______________名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：?jiǎn)螖?shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：=1\*GB3①一般的名詞變復(fù)數(shù),直接在詞尾加-sbook→__________pen→__________banana→__________【2022河北】Cicienjoysdancing.It'soneofher______.A.prizeB.prizesC.hobbyD.hobbies【2022福建泉州2】—Mum,canIblowoutallthe_______onthebirthdaycakenow?—No,dear.Youshouldmakeawishfirst.A.flowersB.candlesC.fruits【2022山東德州2】Thepeoplewhoaremoreconfidenthavemore____tomakethemselvessuccessful.A.educationB.chancesC.prideD.excuses【2022浙江溫州4】—Ilikereading.—Metoo.Iespeciallylikethe____writtenbyJ.K.Rowling.A.homework B.numbers C.movies D.books

=2\*GB3②.以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞,加-esbus→___________class→__________box→_____________fox→__________watch→_________brush→__________dish→__________【2022四川南充3】Therearesome________onthefloor. A.milk B.child C.boxes

=3\*GB3③.以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有生命的物質(zhì)的名詞,加-es;【記】黑人（Negro→____________）英雄（hero→____________）愛(ài)吃土豆（Potato→____________）和西紅柿（tomato→____________）【2022廣西玉林】Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforourhealth.Iofteneatlettuce,broccoliand______.A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoesD.potato【2022貴陽(yáng)"Lily，let'smakevegetablesalad.Howmany___doweneed?"“Oneisenough.”A.orangesB.potatoC.tomatoes無(wú)生命的物質(zhì)的名詞,加-s?！居洝课衣?tīng)廣播(radio→____________)，也看到電視錄像(video→____________)，說(shuō)動(dòng)物園(zoo→____________)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→____________)彈著鋼琴(piano→____________)，吃著竹子（bamboo→____________）吸引游客來(lái)拍照片（photo→

____________）

=4\*GB3④.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù),把f或fe改為-ves初中階段掌握以下名詞：【記】小偷的妻子用樹(shù)葉和小刀在書(shū)架上殺死了半個(gè)狼的生命thief→___________wife→____________leaf→__________

knife→___________shelf→____________half→____________wolf→________life→____________=5\*GB3⑤以y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù),分兩種情況：（1）輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，改y為i再加-es。city→____________family→____________dictionary→____________library→____________【2022江蘇鹽城】—Doyouhaveany___?—Yes,Ilikechessanddramabest.A.jobs B.duties C.hobbies D.problems【2022廣東】—Ihearyourunforhalfanhoureveryday. —Right,wehaveisoneofthe________inourschool(2)元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接在詞尾加-sboy→____________key→____________monkey→____________單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形初中階段掌握以下名詞：【記】中國(guó)人和日本人愛(ài)護(hù)綿羊、鹿和魚(yú)Chinese→____________Japanese→____________sheep→____________deer→____________fish→____________【2022廣東】ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmany________there. 【2022山東東營(yíng)1】Mr.Jacksonkeepslotsof_______onhisfarm.A.sheep B.chicken C.goose D.pandas（2）單復(fù)數(shù)不同形初中階段掌握以下名詞：【記】男人和女人的孩子用腳踢了耗子的牙齒man→____________woman→____________child→____________foot→____________mouse→____________tooth→____________【另記為】：1.child→children2.man→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemen(規(guī)律：man→men)3.foot→feettooth→teeth(3)某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)：1)中、日不變ChineseJapanese2).英、法變EnglishmanFrenchman3).其余s加后面AmericanGerman-AustralianCanadian【2022黑龍江綏化】Isawsome___and____dancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.A.Germen;EnglishmenB.Germans;EnglishmansC.Germans;Englishmen3.修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾詞有：these,those,few,afew,many,howmany,toomany,agood(great)many,anumberof等?！?022黑龍江齊齊哈爾】2.Howmany_______arethereinthebasket?A.potatoB.breadC.tomatoes【2022四川廣安2】—Arethereany______inyourschool?—Yes,thereare.A.GermenB.GermansC.German不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)【可數(shù)名詞】不能按個(gè)數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算的名詞，叫不可數(shù)名詞?！?022貴州畢節(jié)3】—Ihave__inlearningEnglishandI’msoworried.Couldyouhelpmewithit?—Sure,I’dloveto. B.interestC.trouble D.Fun【2022廣東1】—Mum,I’veheardthatwecan’teat______thesedays.Isittrue?—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.A.chickenB.chickensC.achickenD.thechicken1.不可數(shù)名詞的用法：1.不可數(shù)名詞不能和a/an連用；2.不能直接用數(shù)字表數(shù)量3.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以后面不能加-s/-es4.不可數(shù)名詞作句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Knowledge________(be)power．知識(shí)就是力量【2022廣東梅州】—I’mverythirstynow.—Wouldyoulikesome______?A.tea B.fish C.noodles D.potatoes【2022山東濟(jì)南】Tomisingoodhealth,becauseheoftenexercisesandeatsalotofhealthy______.A.foodB.waterC.pearD.Carrot【2022湖北隨州1】—Mum,Iamhungry.MayIhavesome______?—Ofcourse.Butdon'teattoomuch.A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.Hamburger【2022龍東地區(qū)】Mum,it’ssohot.CouldIhavesome________? A.hamburgers B.bread C.ice-cream2.不可數(shù)名詞表示量的概念，有兩種方式：(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof.some,any等表示多少I(mǎi)don’twantanyadvice,Iwantsomeinformation(2)不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，在表達(dá)它的量時(shí)，常用容器或質(zhì)量的計(jì)算單位來(lái)表示，即：“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”。若數(shù)詞大于1時(shí)，只需要把不可數(shù)名詞前面的量詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。acupof…一杯twocupsof…兩杯…ateaspoonof…一茶匙threeteaspoonsof…三茶匙…asliceof…一片…fourslicesof…四片…akiloof…一公斤…fivekilosof…五公斤…apieceof...一片....sixpiecesof...六片/張...abottleof...一瓶...sevenbottlesof...七瓶...aglassof...一玻璃...eightglassesof...八玻璃杯...【2022清遠(yuǎn)】I'msohungry.Pleasegiveme______toeatA.threebreadBthreepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsDthreepieceofbread【2022湖北黃岡3】—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?—_____please.A.Twoglassofwater B.TwoglassofwatersC.Twocupsoftea D.Twocupsofteas【2022四川遂寧】22.I’msohungry.Pleasegiveme_____toeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreads修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾詞有：this,that,little,alittle,abitof,some,any,much,howmuch,toomuch,agreatdealof,【2022黔西南州3】Couldyoupleasegetmesome_______?I’mhungry.A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg的用法：pair主要用來(lái)指由兩者組成的“一雙”或“一對(duì)”，或由兩半合成的“一條”、“一副”“一把”apairofshoes____________apairofglasses____________apairoftrousers____________apairofgloves____________apairofshorts____________apairofsocks____________“apairof+名詞”構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與pair的數(shù)保持一致。Thispairofglasses________(be)verycheap.Thesepairsofshorts___________(be)veryexpensive.【2022湖北黃石】_____thatpairof_____alittlecheaper?A.Is;glassB.Are;glassC.Is;glassesD.Are;glassesIII.名詞所有格名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，分為-’s所有格和of所有格兩種形式?！痵所有格的構(gòu)成和用法：表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格,一般在名詞后加’s【單數(shù)名詞所有格】：①一般的名詞所有格，直接在后面加-’sTom’sbike_______myfather’scar_______【2022貴州安順3】“____bookcaseisthis?”“Itmustbe_____.”A.Who’s;TomB.Who’s;Tom’C.Whose;Tom’sD.Whose;Tom②.用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“’s.”【2022黑龍江綏化】Heis________father.A.Jim’sandLucy’sB.JimandLucy’s C.Jim’sandLucy【2022四川廣安2】—Whoseroomisthis?—It's_____．A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLily’s【2022廣西賀州4】Lookatthemanoverthere.Heis_____uncle.A.Jim’sandTim’sB.Jim’sandTimC.JimandTimD.JimandTim’s③用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示各有關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)分別在每個(gè)名詞后加“’s.”【2022山東威海2】____fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.A.JackandMike’sB.Jack’sandMike’sC.JackandMikeD.Jack’sandMike④表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱的所有格時(shí)，常在名詞后加’s代表全稱。atthedoctor’s________________attheBob’s_______________⑤不定代詞something、anything等和else連用時(shí)，所有格應(yīng)加在else的后面。Thisis_________________(somebodyelse)pencil.⑥.表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的名詞，也可在詞尾加’s來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。anhour’sridetwoweeks’timeChina’scapital【2022山東濰坊2】—Howfarisyourhomefromschool?—It’sabouttwo__________walk.A.hours B.hours’ C.hour’s D.hour【2022甘肅白銀4】—How______isitfromXi’antoDunhuang?—It’slessthan3_______flight.A.long;hour’sB.far;hour’sC.long;hours’D.far;hours’【2022湖北隨州3】—Howfarisyourcousin'shomefromhere?—It'sabouttwo_______ride.'sB.hoursC.hours'D.Hour【2022鄂州4】—It’sconvenienttotravelfromEzhoutoWuhanbytakingthenewly-builtgreenrailway.—Yes.It’ssaidthat_______isenough. A.fifteenminutesdrive B.fifteen-minutesdrive C.fifteenminute’sdrive D.fifteenminutes’drive【復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格】：1.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，變所有格時(shí)在s后加“’”Teachers’Day_______________thestudents’classroom_______________【2022長(zhǎng)沙】—Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?—No,it’smy______.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brother B.brother’s C.brothers’2.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍加“’s”Children’sDay_______________Women’sDay_______________【2022廣東湛江】—What'sthedatetoday?—It'sMarch8th,________Day.A.Woman's's【2022鹽城4】Theonlineshopsells_______clothingataverygoodprice.A.childandman’s B.childrenandmen’sC.Children’sandmen D.Children’sandmen’s所有格：表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞所有格，用“of+名詞”來(lái)表示themapofChina_______________thedooroftheroom_______________3.雙重所有格：=1\*GB3①of+名詞所有格aphotoofMary’s瑪麗的一張照片（指照片屬于瑪麗）=2\*GB3②of+名詞性的物住代詞aphotosofMary一張瑪麗的照片（指照片上的人是瑪麗）Heisafriendofmy_________(brother).Issheadaughterof__________(you)?【2022龍東地區(qū)1】MissBlackisafriendof________,shealwayslooksaftermysister. A.Mary’smother’s B.Mary’smother’ C.Marymother’sIV.名詞的語(yǔ)法作用1.名詞作主語(yǔ)=1\*GB3①.表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、距離作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Twohours________(be)enoughforustogetthere.=2\*GB3②量詞短語(yǔ)“數(shù)字+量詞+of+…”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞保持一致。Apairofshoes_______(be)underthebed.Twopiecesofpaper_______(be)onthedesk.=3\*GB3③名詞+介詞（with、except、alongwith…）+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的名詞保持一致。Theteacherwiththestudents_________(be)plantingtreesonthehill.=4\*GB3④短語(yǔ)“neither…nor…/either…or…/notonly…butalso…”連接兩個(gè)詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。【2022福州】—Tim,howdoyourparentslikepopularpopmusic?—____mydad______mymomlikesit.Theybothpreferclassicalmusic.A.Either…orB.Neither…orC.Notonly…butalso【2022恩施3】___Lily___Lucylikessinging,buttheyaregoodatdancing.A.Both;andB.Notonly;butalsoC.Neither;nor=5\*GB3⑤學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Maths________(be)myfavoritesubject.2.名詞作定語(yǔ)：=1\*GB3①.名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式。appletreebookshop【2022四川涼山3】—Ifeelverythirstyandhungryafteralongwalk.—Wouldyoulikesome and_____? A.applejuice;sandwiches B.applesjuice;sandwiches C.applejuice;sandwiches【2022浙江溫州4】—Wheredoesyourunclework,Jack?—Ina_____inParis.Heisapoliceman.A.TVstationB.bookstoreC.postofficeD.policestation【2022山西2】—Mum,there’ssomethingwrongwithmy_____.Couldyouwakemeuptomorrowmorning?—Noproblem,dear. A.pencilcase B.alarmclock C.tennisracket【2022廣東深圳3】—Whatarethe________doingthere? —Theyarebusy________theirscienceexperiment.A．boysstudents;todoB．boystudents;todoC．boysstudents;doingD．boystudents;doing【2022達(dá)州3】—After.,Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—Whynotbuysome_______todrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas=2\*GB3②.名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，sport用復(fù)數(shù)形式sportsmeeting_______________sportsshoes_______________.=3\*GB3③.man/woman作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，man、woman的單復(fù)數(shù)與后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。onemanteacher_______________twowomenteachers_______________【2022安順】Therearefifty_____inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.A.womanteachersB.womenteacherC.womanteacherD.womenteachers【2022龍東地區(qū)1】WangYapingandLiuYangareour___inChina.We’reproud____them.A.womenastronauts;ofB.womanastronauts;of C.womenastronauts;in【2022黔西南州3】__theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare___teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;womanC.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;woman=4\*GB3④.“數(shù)詞+名詞（+形容詞）”做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞用單數(shù)aneight-year-oldboy【2022黑龍江綏化】Sheisa________girlwithtwobigeyes.A.six-years-oldB.six-year-old C.sixyearsold【2022甘肅蘭州】32.Inthisexam,you’reaskedtowriteacompositionofabout______. A.90-words B.90-word C.90words D.90word’s【2022貴州安順2】Kateis_____girl.She’sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen-years-oldV.3組名詞近義詞辨析：/voice/noise(1)sound指耳朵能聽(tīng)到的各種聲音。(2)voice主要指人的嗓音和說(shuō)話聲音。(3)noise指噪音【2022湖北黃岡3】—Someonecalledyoujustnow.—Iknow.ButIwasbusyatthatmoment.WhenIcalledback,therewasno____.A.voice B.sound C.answer D.result【2022白銀2】Theboydidn’tsleepwelllastnightbecauseofthe___fromthefactory.A.voiceB.noiseC.musicD.song2.family/home/house/room(1)home指家，包括住處和家人。帶有感情色彩(2)house指房子、住宅。強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑物(3)family指家庭或家庭成員.強(qiáng)調(diào)“家庭(4)room指“房間”【2022浙江杭州1】Hangzhouis___tohundredsofforeignfriendswhoareworkingandstudyinghere.A.home B.house C.family D.Room【2022河南4】HewasborninItaly,buthehasmadeChinahis______A.familyB.addressC.houseD.home【2022浙江寧波3】—Oh,dear!Thereisn't,enough___________forusinthelift.—Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.A.floorB.scatC.roomD.ground/news/message辨析(1)information“消息，信息”(不可數(shù)名詞)一般指信息；消息；情報(bào)；資訊apieceofinformation一條信息【2022甘肅白銀2】Justsearchtheinternet,youcangetalmostallthe______youneed.A.informationsB.informationC.pictureD.story【2022上海3】Thestudentsdidn’tfindmuch________aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.A.reportB.article C.information D.story【2022四川內(nèi)江】Youcanfindmany___aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.A.newsB.picturesC.ticketsD.information（2）news不可數(shù)名詞，一般指新聞、消息apieceofnews一則新聞【2022江蘇揚(yáng)州】8.-Whatagood________you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.-Mypleasure.A.information B.news C.suggestion D.advice(3)message可數(shù)名詞，一般指（書(shū)面或口頭的）信息、消息、音信。leaveamessage留下消息takeamessage（打電話時(shí)用）傳個(gè)話，留口信

givesb.amessage給某人捎口信=takeamessageforsb【2022云南中考】Myfriendssentmemanyshort____withbestwishesformybirthday.A.news B.information C.messages D.suggestions【2022·湖北武漢】IfbyanychancePetercomestous,pleaseaskhimtoleavea_____.A.letter B.sentence C.message D.notice【2022江蘇揚(yáng)州1】IfIamwantedinthetelephone,askhimtoleavea_______．A.message B.letter C.diary D.sentence【2022呼和浩特】13．WhenPetercomes,pleaseask