大家網(wǎng)考研論壇大家網(wǎng)考研論壇“://club.topsage/forum.php?gid=27““://club.topsage/forum.php?gid=27“://club.topsage/forum.php?gid=271995年全國(guó)碩士爭(zhēng)論生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題SectionⅠUseofEnglishSleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsand dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at allwell-understood,butREMsleepis 2 toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore 3 .Thenewexperiments,suchasthese 4 forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations 5 ofnon-REMsleep.Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep6 is100percentfataltorats,yet,7_examinationsofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow8 themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats 9 bacterialinfectionsoftheblood, 10theirimmunesystems—theself-protectingmechanisrnagainstdisease—hadcrashed.[A]Either [B]Neither [C]Each [D]Any[A]intended [B]required [C]assumed [D]inferred[A]subtle [B]obvious [C]mysterious [D]doubtful[A]maintained [B]described [C]settled [D]afforded[A]inthelight [B]byvirtue [C]withtheexception [D]forthepurpose[A]reduction [B]destruction [C]deprivation [D]restriction[A]upon [B]by [C]through [D]with[A]paidattentionto [B]caughtsightof[C]laidemphasison [D]castlighton[A]develop [B]produce [C]stimulate [D]induce[A]if [B]asif [C]onlyif [D]ifonly一、文章構(gòu)造總體分析睡眠分為淺睡階段和較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的深睡階段。雖然人們對(duì)兩個(gè)階段的睡眠都不是格外了奪睡眠而死亡的老鼠的尸體檢查覺(jué)察，其免疫系統(tǒng)似乎已崩潰了。二、試題解析1.[答案]B[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：不定代詞的用法。kindofsleep指的就是[Dany指“任何一個(gè)Youcanbuysugaranybigstore.你可以在任何一家大商店里買到糖。余下的選項(xiàng)中，each指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)中的每一個(gè)，例如：Eachofthemthinksdifferentthoughts.either表示兩者之一，表示確定，如：Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.在街道的哪邊停車都可以。neither表否認(rèn)含義，表示“兩者都不NeitherofuscouldunderstandGerman.我atallnot…atal，意為“一點(diǎn)也不，根本不[B類睡眠都沒(méi)有完全了解[答案]C[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。intendintendtodosth.(=meantodosth.主語(yǔ)一般是有生命的事物。如：Iheartheyintendtomarry.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他們要結(jié)婚了。require意berequiredtodosthAllpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirticketsassume意為“假定，設(shè)想beassumedtodosthHeisassumedtobeaBelgian.〔他被認(rèn)為是個(gè)比利時(shí)人〕inferinfersth.todo構(gòu)造中，而用于infersth.fromsth.構(gòu)造中，如：Muchofthemeaningmustbeinferredfromthecontext.〔大局部含意必需從上下文中推斷〕assume符合上的功能的論述只是一種推想，[C]為正確項(xiàng)。[答案]C[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：形容詞詞義辨析。subtle意為“微妙的，難以捉摸的Hecomplainedthatthesepeopleweresubtle.他obviousmysteriousdoubtful意為“可疑的，值得疑心的Heisadoubtfulcharacter.他是個(gè)可疑的人物。前文提到人們對(duì)兩種睡眠階段都不是很了解時(shí)用了well-understood可以推出人們對(duì)non-REMsleep也不很了解，因此，幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中mysterious最適宜。[答案]B[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渥邮且粋€(gè)長(zhǎng)句，主干局部是Thenewexperimentssuggestfascinatingexplanations.suchas引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)是對(duì)experiments的舉例說(shuō)明。these指的是thenewexperimentthesewhichareforthefirsttime…，用來(lái)修飾thesmaintain與句中的forthefirsttimesettleaffordexperimentsdescribe〔會(huì)議上〕描述的一些試驗(yàn)[答案]D[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)意辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可與介詞ofinthelightof(=inlightof/accordingto)Herewrotethebookinthelightoffurtherresearch.〔他依據(jù)進(jìn)一步的爭(zhēng)論重寫(xiě)byvirtueofShegotthejobbyvirtueofhergreaterexperience.〔她由于閱歷較為豐富而得到了那份工作〕withtheexceptionof(=except)意為“除了……AllhisnovelsaresetinItalywiththeexceptionofhislas.

他的小說(shuō)除最終一部外全是以意大利為背景〕forthepurposeof可以看Thethreegroupshavebeencombinedforthepurposeofthis

但本文中卻不是把它作為一explanations常與forthepurposeofnon-REMsleep在上文中消滅過(guò)，表示“深睡眠的作用[D。[答案]C[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析。forexample一詞提示空格所在局部是連接上文，解釋深睡眠的作用的舉例。reductiondeprivationrestrictiondestructionThefirecausedthedestructionofmybooks.[C符合題意。[答案]A[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：介詞的用法。upon=whenupon相當(dāng)于when/directlyafteUponenteringtheroo〔=WhenIenteredtheroo,Ifoundhimlyingonthefloor.用在文中表示“當(dāng)檢查死亡老鼠的尸體時(shí)[A為正確答案。through意為“憑借，用……的方法by意為“憑借，靠，通過(guò)手段；withexamination前加上定冠詞the；其次其規(guī)律主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)theanimals，這樣含義就成了“動(dòng)物通[答案]D[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)意辨析。payattentionto意為“留意payattentiontostateaffairscatchsightof(=see意義“看到，覺(jué)察Shecaughtsightofacarinthedistance.她一眼瞥見(jiàn)了遠(yuǎn)處的汽車；layemphasison(=emphasize)Helaidastrongemphasisonthestudyofforeignlanguages.他把重點(diǎn)放在學(xué)習(xí)外訓(xùn)上；cast/throw/shedlighton意為“使〔問(wèn)題等〕較Recentresearchhasshednewlightonthecausesofthedisease.最近的爭(zhēng)論結(jié)果可以使人進(jìn)一步了解導(dǎo)致這種疾病的緣由。依據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選[D]，表示“一位爭(zhēng)論人員使人們進(jìn)一步了解動(dòng)物死亡的奇特[答案]A[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。develop〔漸漸〕〔開(kāi)頭〕患〔病Shedevelopedmeasles.她得了produce意為“制造，產(chǎn)生Hardworkoftenproducesgoodresults努力工作常常stimulate意為“促進(jìn)，刺激Exercisestimulatestheflowofblood體操促進(jìn)血液流淌。induce意為“引誘，誘使Toomuchfoodinducessleepiness.吃得過(guò)飽會(huì)產(chǎn)生睡意。此題的關(guān)鍵詞bacterialinfectionsofblood(血液細(xì)菌感染)是一種病，依據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配，應(yīng)當(dāng)用develop。[答案]B[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：規(guī)律關(guān)系。本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，依據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)全都的原則，從句也應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。但在此題中，從句用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)。很明顯，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)不全都。時(shí)態(tài)不全都一般是由兩個(gè)緣由引起的：一，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：I’mdoingmyhomework,whileIwaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.時(shí)態(tài)不全都的緣由是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。IfTheconferencewouldn’tbeensosuccessful,ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations.假設(shè)我們不做充分的預(yù)備，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開(kāi)得這么成功的。asifHebehavedasifnothinghadhappened〔他表〕onlyifOnlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanydangertoemployees.只有紅燈閃亮?xí)r才有危及職工的險(xiǎn)情。ifonlyIfonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.由于文中只有從句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此應(yīng)選[B]，意為“似乎它們的免疫系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)崩三、全文翻譯睡眠分為淺睡階段〔REM〕和較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的深睡階段(non-REM)。淺睡階段伴有快速的眼組織的近期會(huì)議上首次描述了一些試驗(yàn)闡釋。例如，人們?cè)缬兴?，完全剝奪睡眠會(huì)100％使老鼠致命，然而，在檢查死亡鼠類的尸已崩潰。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPassagelMoneyspentonadvertisingis moneyspentaswellas anyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabor,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceof yourtelevisionlicencewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenActsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.If youseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat .heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertisingeverybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsumingadvertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelseitisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertisingInthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?[A]Securinggreaterfame. [B]Providingmorejobs.[C]Enhancinglivingstandards. [D]Reducingnewspapercost.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis_.verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertisinginterestedinnothingbutthebuyers”attentioncorrectintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformationobviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertisingIntheauthor”sopinion, .advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformationadvertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemoverthereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyerthebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement一、文章構(gòu)造總體分析本文論述了廣告對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)做出了很大奉獻(xiàn)。文章一開(kāi)頭作者就全面確定廣告的作用，說(shuō)而非供給信息的觀點(diǎn)，指出廣告具有勸誘性是無(wú)可厚非的。給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的物質(zhì)利益比其他的形式都大。不行避開(kāi)地要?jiǎng)窀嫒罕?。二、試題分析11.ByBythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat .he is fairly familiar with the cost ofadvertisingeverybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsumingadvertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelseit is worthwhile to spend money on文章首句的意思是 。他對(duì)廣告價(jià)格了如指掌人人都知道廣告很費(fèi)錢像做其他事一樣，做廣告要花錢把錢用在廣告上很值得advertisingadvertising[答案D[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：句意題。首先看句子語(yǔ)法，第一句的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)aswellas的理解。aswellas有兩種意思：1〕相當(dāng)于inaddition(to)意為“除……外，同，和，也Hegavememoneyaswellasadvice.2)2〕種含義放在本文中才講得通，這aswellasanyaswellasany〔moneyspent〕,Iknowof是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾any。其……”可以推出作者對(duì)廣告的作用持確定態(tài)度。因此第一句應(yīng)當(dāng)被理解為“花在廣告上的錢和任何別處花的錢一樣值得[D]項(xiàng)正是這個(gè)含義的概括，因此為正確項(xiàng)。[B]、[C]選項(xiàng)僅停留在“廣告花費(fèi)錢”的含義上，表達(dá)不了對(duì)廣告確實(shí)定態(tài)度；選項(xiàng)[A]是對(duì)從句“Iknowof”的錯(cuò)誤理解。命題意圖要求考生正確理解句中為避開(kāi)重復(fù)而省略的局部。12.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOT 哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是文中提到的廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)？includedintheadvantagesofadvertising?Securinggreaterfame.Providingmorejobs.Enhancinglivingstandards.Reducingnewspapercost.[答案A

保障更高的知名度供給更多的工作提高生活水平降低報(bào)紙本錢[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段作者對(duì)廣告賜予確定并且列舉廣告帶來(lái)的諸多好處〔1它直接有助于商品以合理價(jià)格快速銷出23〕它給人以的消費(fèi)觀，從而大大提高人們的生活水準(zhǔn)〔4〕它有助于增加市場(chǎng)需求，擴(kuò)大勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，有效地?cái)U(kuò)大就業(yè)5〕[B]、[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)都在文中直接涉及，可以排解。其次段首句雖然談到廣告為人們購(gòu)置的產(chǎn)品和效勞的合理價(jià)格供給了保障，但是未提及[A]選項(xiàng)“保障更高的知名度”的內(nèi)容，因而為正確答案。留意：這種“whichisnotincluded”題型相當(dāng)于except題型，一般要在大范圍內(nèi)搜尋，排解原文中已經(jīng)提到的選項(xiàng)或直接找出與原文不符的選項(xiàng)。潛在命題點(diǎn)：依據(jù)此內(nèi)容可另出一題：Whatisthebiggestadvantageofadvertising?A．Providingmorejobs.B．Enhancinglivingstandards.C．Reducingthecostsofmanyservices.D．Ensuringthequalityoftheproductsandservices.答案為[D]。關(guān)鍵是其次段首句“mostimportantofall”說(shuō)明下面所述為最重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此在列舉題中，要留意關(guān)聯(lián)詞的作用。此外，也可用排解法，[A]、[B]、[C]在文中并列，作用相仿，成為答案幾率均等，故都應(yīng)當(dāng)排解。13.TheTheauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis_.[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertising作者認(rèn)為文中提到的知名人士 。[A]準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了他對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)[B] interested in nothing but the buyers” [B]只關(guān)心消費(fèi)者的留意力attentionattentioncorrectintellingthedifferencebetween [C]區(qū)分勸告和供給信息是有道理的persuasionandinformationobviously partial in his views on [D]對(duì)廣告的評(píng)價(jià)明顯存有偏見(jiàn)advertising[答案D[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。題干要求考生答復(fù)作者對(duì)文中提到的知名人士的看法的觀點(diǎn)。作者認(rèn)為“他把兩者區(qū)分得過(guò)于微小。由于廣告不行避開(kāi)地要?jiǎng)窀嫦M(fèi)者，假設(shè)廣告的內(nèi)容僅僅限于供給信息，那將會(huì)乏味之極態(tài)度。因此[D]選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)和[C]選項(xiàng)都持確定態(tài)度，可以排解。而[B]選項(xiàng)也不對(duì)，由于在文中并未爭(zhēng)論知名人士的興趣和關(guān)心對(duì)象問(wèn)題。nothingbut意為：只有，除了……之外都不。命題意圖要求考生正確理解文章局部細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)的作者態(tài)度。14.InIntheauthor”sopinion, .advertising can seldom bring materialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformationadvertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemoverthereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyerthe buyer is not interested in gettinginformationfromanadvertisement在作者看來(lái) 。廣告很少能夠通過(guò)供給信息給人們帶來(lái)物質(zhì)利益廣告給人以的觀念，而不在于說(shuō)服人廣告向購(gòu)置者促銷是無(wú)可非議的消費(fèi)者對(duì)從廣告獲得信息不感興趣[答案C[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。它的論據(jù)。[C]選項(xiàng)恰恰符合這一觀點(diǎn)，為正確答案。[A]選項(xiàng)與第三段的內(nèi)容相悖。[B]選項(xiàng)與第四段作者提出的“廣告不行避開(kāi)地要?jiǎng)窀嫦M(fèi)者，內(nèi)容不僅僅限于供給信息”的看法不全都。[D]選項(xiàng)不正確，作者在末段提到，只提供信息的廣告不會(huì)引起觀眾的興趣，不能由此推出，消費(fèi)者對(duì)廣告信息毫無(wú)興趣。winsb.over(tosth.)=winsb.todosth.意思是“說(shuō)服某人做某事再定位，比照進(jìn)展排解。三、長(zhǎng)難句解析和佳句賞析長(zhǎng)難句①Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhome marketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.本句的主干是Itservestoassist…,therebyestablishing…andsomaking…,thereby后是兩Servedirectlytodosth.Theservesdirectlytosupportwhatthedefendantsaid.這些證據(jù)直接支持被告的陳述。makeit+形容詞+todosth.意思是：使……成為可能。可能以有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格供給出口商品。②Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.句子中的主干是noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductapartfrom引導(dǎo)介詞構(gòu)造fact后是thatproduct后是由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)。譯文：除了國(guó)會(huì)制定的27項(xiàng)法案對(duì)廣告詞加以約束之外，也沒(méi)有哪個(gè)正規(guī)的廣告商膽敢推銷與廣告承諾不符的產(chǎn)品。③Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itis thesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.該句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，ifitisthesurestproof…，Iknow做proof的后置定語(yǔ)，兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的并列從句都是proof的同位語(yǔ)從句。其宣傳名副其實(shí)，肯定表達(dá)良好的價(jià)值。④Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.該句主干是Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation…advertisingwouldbesoboringthat…，其中if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句，表示與事實(shí)相反，主句是so…that…句型表示因果關(guān)系。破折號(hào)中間為插入成分，由一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句組成，主句為thatwouldbedifficult，這that指代If虛擬條件句ifitsmessage…；緊接著的是條件從句if(thatis)notimpossibletoachieve，后面是for引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：假設(shè)廣告僅僅限于供給信息——這一點(diǎn)本身也難以做到，假設(shè)不是不行能的話，由于即使選擇一件補(bǔ)襯衫顏色這樣的細(xì)節(jié)也多少隱含勸告之意——它就會(huì)變得枯燥乏味人關(guān)注了。佳句值得我們搜集背誦，在寫(xiě)作中使用。①Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabor,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.廣告可以提高生活品質(zhì)，增加就業(yè)率。②Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.廣告騙人只能一時(shí)，謊話遲早是要敗露的。四、詞匯注釋distribution(n.)銷售，安排，分發(fā)；配給物；分布狀態(tài)，分區(qū)，分類；發(fā)送，發(fā)行tube(n.)[英口]地鐵；顯像管，電子管liveupto(v.)Hedidtliveuptohisreputation他的生活與他的live1〕liveonHelivesonhisfriends.2)livethrough度過(guò)，經(jīng)受過(guò)。如：Helivedthroughthreewarsandtworevolutions.此外，應(yīng)當(dāng)留意live,living,alive的區(qū)分。1)live:“活著的”直接加以名詞之前，主要用于物。如alivemouse 2)livin“活著的”可用作表語(yǔ)，亦可做定語(yǔ)；可用于人，也用于物。如：Isthewifestillliving? 3)alive:“活著的”只做表語(yǔ)，或用在和他有關(guān)的名詞的后面。living可用作比方意味，如：livingimage，而alive只能用作原有的意義，不能用作比方意義。如：Noonealivewillbelieveit.沒(méi)一個(gè)活人會(huì)信任。mercifully(adv.)幸運(yùn)地是；寬厚地，慈祥地；merciful(a.)havethegoodsense 很明智。如：Hehadthegoodsensetorealizethattheplanwouldneverwork.他很明智，知道這項(xiàng)打算確定行不通。touchon涉及，關(guān)系到，簡(jiǎn)單地論述distinction(n.)差異，區(qū)分，draw~betweenAandBconfine(v.)與to,within搭配局限，限制〔于；管制，禁閉subtly(adv.)細(xì)致地，精巧地；subtle(a.)微小的，微妙的；精巧的，奇異的五、全文翻譯花在廣告上的錢和我所知花在任何別的方面的錢一樣是值得的它直接有利于商品以合理的價(jià)格快速地銷售，從而建立穩(wěn)固的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，并且有可能以有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的價(jià)格供給出口〔長(zhǎng)難①〕通過(guò)向公眾推出思想，它極大地促進(jìn)生活水準(zhǔn)的提高。通過(guò)幫助增加商品需求，它確保對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的更大需求，因此成為對(duì)抗失業(yè)的一項(xiàng)有效措施〔佳句①〕它降汽車或地鐵出行也將貴出百分之二十?；蛟S最重要的是，廣告對(duì)你所購(gòu)置的產(chǎn)品和效勞的合理價(jià)值供給了一種保障。除了國(guó)27項(xiàng)法案對(duì)廣告加以約束之外，也沒(méi)有哪個(gè)正規(guī)的廣告商膽敢推銷與廣告承諾不〔長(zhǎng)難②〕他或許會(huì)通過(guò)誤導(dǎo)人的廣告臨時(shí)愚弄一些人。但他這樣做長(zhǎng)不了，因?yàn)樗业氖牵姾苊髦?，不?huì)再次購(gòu)置劣質(zhì)商品〔佳句②〕假設(shè)你觀察一種商品不斷地?！查L(zhǎng)難句③〕廣告對(duì)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)利益所作的奉獻(xiàn)比我能想到的任何其他力氣都要大。圖勸服。假設(shè)廣告僅僅限于供給信息——這一點(diǎn)本身假設(shè)不是不行能的話，至少也難以做到，由于即使選擇一件襯衫的顏色這樣的細(xì)節(jié)也多少隱含勸告之意——那么廣告將變得味同嚼〔長(zhǎng)難句④〕但或許這就是那位電視名人所期望的結(jié)果。Passage2Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage—alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe”reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe’reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe’renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.15.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen .hehasgivenuphissmokinghabithehasmadegreateffortsinhisworkheiskeenonlearninganythingnewhehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourneyIntheauthor’seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould .succeedinclimbingupthesocialladderjudgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievementsfacedifficultiesandtakeupchallengesaimhighandreachhisgoaleachtimeWhentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing“(line3,Para.3)heisreferringto .anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworldanewwayoftakingrisksanewmethodofperceivingourselvesanewsystemofadaptationtochangeForpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept .curiosityaboutmorechancespromptnessinself-adaptationopen-mindednesstonewexperiencesavoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts一、文章構(gòu)造總體分析成長(zhǎng)有兩種根本看法：有人將之視為結(jié)果，有人將之視為過(guò)程。接著分別述之，點(diǎn)出兩種不同看法各自的內(nèi)容，而作者著重強(qiáng)調(diào)視成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)過(guò)程的優(yōu)勢(shì)及其對(duì)一個(gè)人的影響。第一段：首句列出兩種對(duì)待成長(zhǎng)的不同觀點(diǎn)，接著簡(jiǎn)述第一種觀點(diǎn)。其次段，具體描述其次種觀點(diǎn)，將“成長(zhǎng)”類比成“旅行標(biāo)志物。并進(jìn)一步指出成長(zhǎng)就是人們患病經(jīng)受和面對(duì)意想不到的坎坷時(shí)持有的態(tài)度和情感。不行避開(kāi)的。為了成長(zhǎng)，我們需要去面對(duì)并且抑制它們。二、試題分析15.A person is generally believed to achieveA person is generally believed to achievepersonalgrowthwhen .[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabithehasmadegreateffortsinhisworkheiskeenonlearninganythingnewhehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney一個(gè)人通常被認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)了個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)他 。戒掉煙工作上付出了巨大的努力熱衷于學(xué)習(xí)東西試圖確定自己在前進(jìn)的道路上走到哪里了[答案A[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題。量?？梢詮脑摱巫罱K作者給出的一系列例子去理解什么是外在結(jié)果。此外，最終一句中的“havemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts”說(shuō)明這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)也是通過(guò)努力[A]選項(xiàng)既是經(jīng)過(guò)努力又是可以衡量的外在結(jié)果，故為正確答案。[B]、[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)都屬于過(guò)程中付出的努力，結(jié)果卻不行測(cè)量，故都不對(duì)。來(lái)例子的實(shí)質(zhì)。16.InIntheauthor’seyes,onewhoviewspersonal 作者認(rèn)為視成長(zhǎng)為過(guò)程的人將growthasaprocesswould . 。succeedsucceedinclimbingupthesocialladderjudgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievementsfacedifficultiesandtakeupchallengesaimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime成功地爬上了社會(huì)階梯依據(jù)自己的成就推斷自己的力量面對(duì)困難，承受挑戰(zhàn)確立高目標(biāo)，并每次都實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)[答案C[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題。具體的標(biāo)記。人們應(yīng)當(dāng)看重的是成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的態(tài)度和情感而非點(diǎn)滴的成功標(biāo)記。[C]選項(xiàng)就是一種患病困難時(shí)的態(tài)度，也與其次段末句“newchallengestoaccept”觀點(diǎn)全都，為正確答案。[A]選項(xiàng)是結(jié)果，而非過(guò)程。[B]選項(xiàng)明顯是從結(jié)果的角度去對(duì)待人的進(jìn)展。[D]選項(xiàng)仍舊是追求有“標(biāo)志”的成功結(jié)果。因此都可以排解。17.Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line3,Para.3)heisreferringto .anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworldanewwayoftakingrisksanewmethodofperceivingourselvesanewsystemofadaptationtochange

作者提到anewwayofbein〔第三段第行〕的意思是 。體驗(yàn)世界的方法的冒險(xiǎn)方式對(duì)待自己的方法適應(yīng)變化的系統(tǒng)[答案A[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：詞義題。題干中的短語(yǔ)出自第三段其次句中的howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeing。對(duì)自身看法的不同而產(chǎn)生的不同處世方法：howweseeourselves是對(duì)三個(gè)問(wèn)題的概括，而anewwayofbeing這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞則應(yīng)當(dāng)涵蓋三個(gè)答復(fù)的內(nèi)容。[A]選項(xiàng)是簡(jiǎn)練、全面的概括，為正確答案。being相當(dāng)于existing，意為：處世生存方式。首先排解[C]，它涉及的是問(wèn)句的內(nèi)容，[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)雖然都在該段被提及，但是不具有概括性，應(yīng)當(dāng)排解。18.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallof 以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是作者對(duì)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的建議？thefollowingexcept .curiosityaboutmorechancespromptnessinself-adaptationopen-mindednesstonewexperiencesavoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

對(duì)更多的時(shí)機(jī)持古怪心自我調(diào)整快對(duì)的體驗(yàn)持開(kāi)放性態(tài)度避開(kāi)內(nèi)心的恐驚和疑心[答案D[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。。接下來(lái)的一系列設(shè)問(wèn)句說(shuō)明白“快捷、有古怪心、抓住更多的時(shí)機(jī)、體驗(yàn)不生疏的事情、應(yīng)付挑戰(zhàn)”等的重要性，因此[A]、[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)都在文中提到。而第四段首句“這些擔(dān)憂可知，[D]選項(xiàng)與作者觀點(diǎn)不全都，而且從第四段其次句作者用的兩個(gè)假設(shè)也可看出他對(duì)躲避態(tài)度的否認(rèn)，綜上所述可以推出[D]選項(xiàng)為正確答案。三、文章長(zhǎng)難句解析和佳句賞析長(zhǎng)難句①Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage—alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.該句破折號(hào)前是三個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞短語(yǔ)Theworker…thestudent…theforeignertheseareexamplesthese復(fù)指前面的三個(gè)核心名詞，people后跟有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。人們付出努力之后，取得了可測(cè)定的成績(jī)。②Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.此句主干是Theprocessisnot…butrather…，并列連詞not……butrather…意思是“不Theoldmanisnotacoward,butratheramanofhighspirit.本句中butrather連接的表語(yǔ)成分是theattitudesandfeelingspeoplehavetheircautionorcourage。as引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。情感，是慎重行事還是勇往直前。佳句①Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.句型構(gòu)造“Therearetwo…:one…,theother…”表達(dá)在某件事情上存在的兩種方式或態(tài)Therearetwowaystoseetechnology:oneasabenefittohumanbeings,theotherasaharmtothem.②Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.通過(guò)該句作者將人的成長(zhǎng)比為永無(wú)止境的旅途。不定式構(gòu)造的排列newwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept格外耐人尋味。③Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.續(xù)使用也可以看出作者的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格就是通過(guò)排比構(gòu)造使論述更加有力。④Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.在這里用shell(貝殼)比方自我封閉。又如：Inordertogrowup,we’dbettergooutofourhousetoconfrontnewthings,toexperiencetheworld,notjuststayinashellofourownmaking.去面對(duì)事物，去體驗(yàn)世界，而不是呆在自己營(yíng)造的殼里面。四、詞匯注釋measurable(a.measure(n.)常用pl.測(cè)量，衡量contrast(n.byin~with/to與……成反比〔v〕使與……比照，和……形成比照signpost(n.)路標(biāo)landmark(n.)標(biāo)志perceive(v.)意識(shí)到，覺(jué)察，感知，理解，領(lǐng)悟，~sth.assth.把……看作indecisive(a.)優(yōu)柔寡斷的；decisive(a.)打算性的，決斷的〔7〕ashellofourownmaking我們自己建筑的牢籠五、全文翻譯對(duì)待成長(zhǎng)有兩種根本態(tài)度：一種視其為結(jié)果，一種視其為過(guò)程〔佳句①〕人們通常視個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)為簡(jiǎn)潔被識(shí)別和衡量的一種外在結(jié)果或成果。工人得到升遷、學(xué)生成績(jī)提高和外國(guó)人學(xué)會(huì)了一門的語(yǔ)言——這些都可以說(shuō)明人們付出努力之后，取得了可測(cè)定的成績(jī)?！查L(zhǎng)難句①〕是沿途特定的路標(biāo)或標(biāo)志物。成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程不是道路本身，而是當(dāng)患病的狀況或未預(yù)料到的坎坷時(shí)所持的態(tài)度和情感，是慎重行事還是勇往直前〔長(zhǎng)難句②〕在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，旅行永久不會(huì)真正完畢；總是有的方法來(lái)感受世界，總會(huì)嘗試思想，承受挑戰(zhàn)〔佳句②〕為了成長(zhǎng)，為了探究路，人們需要情愿去冒險(xiǎn)，去勇敢面對(duì)未知事物，去承受他們或許會(huì)一開(kāi)頭就“失敗”的可能性〔佳句③〕當(dāng)我們嘗試一種的生存方式時(shí)，我們?nèi)绾巫兓苈覒?yīng)付挑戰(zhàn)也不夠機(jī)敏嗎？那么我們極可能會(huì)處事較被動(dòng)或者根本放棄嘗試。停頓成長(zhǎng)。我們會(huì)陷進(jìn)自己營(yíng)造的殼里面〔佳句④〕Passage3Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWar Ⅱ.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsof theirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveand succeed.“Knowledgeispowraywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.Theword“it“(line3,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto .thelackofstablecommunitiesthebreakdownofinformalinformationchannelstheincreasedmobilityoffamiliesthegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplaceThemainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesformthefactthat .theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciouslytheylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformationtheyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadilytheycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily.21.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat .electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessagesitwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationerapeoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferenceseventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellitesWecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat .itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchpeopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationweshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation.itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently一、文章構(gòu)造總體分析本文是一篇介紹現(xiàn)代社會(huì)信息獵取的科普性文章調(diào)在這個(gè)瞬息萬(wàn)變的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)里獵取信息的重要性。大。第四段：信息技術(shù)的進(jìn)展幫助人們獲得更多信息。第五段：在當(dāng)今社會(huì)獵取信息格外重要。二、試題分析19.TheTheword“it“(line3,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto .thelackofstablecommunitiesthe breakdown of informalinformationchannelstheincreasedmobilityoffamiliesthegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplaceit 。缺乏穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)非正規(guī)信息渠道的中斷家庭流淌性的增加越來(lái)越多的人流淌不定[答案B[解析]此題考核的學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)是：句意題。此題考察其次段其次句中it的指代對(duì)象。依據(jù)代詞關(guān)系中的接近全都原則和上下文的含義，it應(yīng)當(dāng)指代它前面的“非正式〔日?！车男畔⒘魍ū磺袛唷边@句話，而[B]選項(xiàng)正是informalinformationchannel”對(duì)應(yīng)“theinformalflowofinformation”;breakdowcutof[A]、[C]和[D]三個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容近似，而且假設(shè)它們中的一個(gè)正確，那么原句中的“withittheconfidence…”意思就成了人口的流淌使人們更有信念。這與其次段表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不符。命題意圖是要求考生把握句子之間的規(guī)律關(guān)系，特別是代詞it的復(fù)指作用。它不僅可以指代詞語(yǔ)，也可以指代一個(gè)句子或句群。20.TheThemainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesformthefactthat .[A]theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciously[B] they lack the confidence of securing人們今天遇到的主要問(wèn)題是 。他們不得不有意識(shí)地去了解事物他們?nèi)狈Λ@得牢靠信息的信念reliableandtrustworthyinformationtheyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneeded [C]他們對(duì)所