現(xiàn)在完成時

一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成助動詞have(has）+動詞過去分詞二、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+……

否定句：主語+haven’t/hasn’t+過去分詞+……

一般疑問句：

Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+……+?

簡略回答：

Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句+一般疑問句+……+？三、動詞的過去分詞形式1.規(guī)則動詞A.直接加ed：finish--finishedB.以e結(jié)尾加d：live--livedC.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i加edcarry--carriedD.重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母再加edstop—stopped2.不規(guī)則動詞變化表

類型原形

過去式過去分詞costcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught

rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA

ABC四、現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。Hehasjustturnedoffthelight.他剛把燈關(guān)了。相當(dāng)于：Heturnedoffthelightjustnow.Thelightisn’tonnow.

即關(guān)燈這一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響：現(xiàn)在燈不亮了。

2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。這時往往與表示一段的時間狀語連用。Shehaslivedheresince

shewasborn.自從她出生時就一直住在這兒。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。把下列句子變成特殊疑問句。1.Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.2.Hehasjusthadhisbreakfast.Whathaveyoujustcleaned?Whathashejustdone?

代動詞：do–--did----done過去分詞過去式have/has+動詞的過去分詞助動詞★1、sinceMr.Smithhasworkedhere

since1984.IhaveknownTomsince7yearsago.He’slearnedabout500words

sincehewenttocollege.五、現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語一個時間點一段時間＋ago時間狀語從句★2、for＋一段時間（twoweeks/sixmonths/fivedays）for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間。

Hehastaughtinthisschool

forfouryears.

我們認識有二十年了。

Ihaven’tseenher

foralongtime.

我好久沒有見到她了。3、just,already,ever，recently，before,never是完成時態(tài)的時間狀語，而justnow/amomentago

是一般過去時的時間狀語。Thetrainhasjustarrived.

（火車剛到。）DidyouseeJoanjustnow?

（你剛才看到瓊了嗎？）Haveyouheardfromyourfamilyrecently?（你最近收到家人的來信了嗎？）六、瞬間動詞動詞與時間段的關(guān)系

瞬間動詞也叫短暫性動詞或終止性動詞。這種動詞是指它們動作的開始也就意味著動作的結(jié)束，所以在肯定句、疑問句中不能與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用（在否定句可以用，表示一種狀態(tài)）但可以用其它方式來表示。Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年?！駷榱吮硎鲞@種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep或短語“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語）”來代替短暫性動詞，”來代替短暫性動詞.Borrow→keep； buy→have;gettoknow→know; become→be;Begin→beon; finish→beover;die→bedead; fallill→beill; fallasleep→beasleep;leave→beaway(from…),Come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in;Join→bein…（beamemberof…

）,

也可以仍用原短暫性動詞，用句型“Itis…since從句（從句中用一般過去時）”或用“一般過去時+…ago”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表述延續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)。1.電影開始五分鐘了。Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.ItisfiveminutessincethefilmbeganThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.2.他入黨五年了。HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty.HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.七、havebeento與havegonetohavebeento…

意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾經(jīng)去過南京嗎？havegoneto…

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。--Whereisshe?--ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已經(jīng)去南京了。七、與一般過去時的用法比較1.一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，而現(xiàn)在完成時是表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。

2.一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

1.一般過去時的時間狀語有:yesterday,lastweek…,一段時間＋ago,in1980（過去時間）,inOctober,justnow,amomentago.

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.2.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for,since,ever,just,yet,already等不確定的時間狀語。Theyhavelivedherefortenyears.ShehasbeenintheReadingClubformanyyears.IhaveknownDanielsincetenyearsago.

HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。

第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”

“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。

第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強調(diào)說明。1.自從上星期我借的這本書Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.2.我成為一個學(xué)生兩年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.3.MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.6.小名參軍半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.7.我們上了8年學(xué)了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.8.下課10分鐘了Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.9.電影開始了一小時了

Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.注：含延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。Shehasworkedfortenyears....

ShebegantoworktenyearsagoShehasworkedsincetenyearsago.ItistenyearssinceshebegantoworkTenyearshaspassed

sinceshebegantoworkIhavejustcleanedmyclothes.Hehasjusthadhisbreakfast.把下列句子變成否定句。notnothave/has+動詞的過去分詞助動詞把下列句子變成一般疑問句1.Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.2.Hehasjusthadhisbreakfast.Haveyoujustcleanedyourclothes?No,Ihaven’t.Yes,Ihave.Hashejusthadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.have/has+動詞的過去分詞助動詞現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題1.－

mydictionary?

－Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.A.Haveyouseen B.DoyouseenC.Hadyouseen D.Wouldyouseen2.－Haveyouevenbeenanywhereforatrip?

－Atrip?I

awayfrommyhometownevenonce.A.went B.havegoneC.haveneverbeen D.havebeen3.Manynewrailways______inthepastfewyears.A.hasbeenbuilt B.havebeenbuiltC.havebeenbuild D.hasbuilding4.－

haveyoubeenhere?－3year.A.Howoften B.HowlongC.Howfar D.How5.Becauseofthebusytraffic,theplane

whenhearrives.A.haslanded B.hastakenoffC.landed D.tookoff6.Marinevisitedhisaunttwodaybeforehe

town.A.left B.hasleftC.willleave D.leaves7.Maryhasbeenaleaguemember

threeyears.A.for B.since C.in D.on8.－Tom,canyoutellmewhereJackis?

－He

tothelibrary.A.hasgone B.hadgone C.hasbeen9.Kate

shanghaiformorethanthreemonths.A.cameto B.hasbeentoC.hasbeenin D.hascometo10.－MayIgotoplaytenniswithyou,Dad?

－

you

yourcompositionyet?A.Are,finishing B.Did,finishC.Will,finish D.Have,finished11.Hermother

fortwoyears.A.hasdied B.diedC.hasbeendied D.hasbeendead12.They

eachotherforatleasttwomonths.A.haven'tseen B.haveseenC.haven'tbeenseen D.didn'tsee13.I

toseemychildhoodfriendsinthesummervacation.A.wentback B.shallgobackC.havegoneback D.havebeenback14.He

agreatdealsincehejoinedthearmy.A.learn B.learnedC.haslearned D.islearning15.Mr.Huang

toKunming.He'llcomebackintwoweeks.A.goes B.went C.hasgone D.Go16.－HowlongmayI

thebook?－Fortowweeks.A.borrow B.lendC.keep D.buy17.It

tenyearssincewelast

inBeijing.A.was,met B.hadbeen,meetC.was,meet D.is,met18.You'llanswerforwhatyou

.A.willdo B.havedoneC.haddone D.do19.He

Tokyofortwoweeks.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayfromC.hasbeenaway20.She

Robertoneyearago.A.married B.marriedwithC.hasgotmarriedto D.hasbeenmarriedto21.I

thebadcoldforaweekandstillcan'tgetridofit.A.caught B.havecaughtC.hadcaught D.havehad22.－

haveyoubeenhere?－Foramonth.A.Howoften B.HowfarC.Howlong D.Howsoon23.－IsthatJackspeaking?－Sorry,heisn'tinrightnow.He

thecinemawithhisaunt.A.hasbeento B.hasgonetoC.havebeento D.havegoneto24.Themeeting_____whenMr.Wang_____toschool.

Ahasbegun;get Bhasbeenon;getChadbegun;got Dhadbeenon;got25.WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismother____already____tohospital.

Ahas;beensent Bhad;sentChas;sent Dhad;beensent

26.We____fiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.

Ahadlearned BlearnedChavelearned Dwillhavelearned

27.HanMeitoldmeshe_____lunch,soshewasveryhungry.

Ahashad Bhasn'thaveChavehad Dhadn'thad

28.Bytheendof1976,manybuildings_____builtinthecity.

Ahavebeen BhaveChadbeen Dwill

29.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.

Ahasleft;comes Bhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;came Dleft;hadcome30.HesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_____agooddrink.

Ahadenjoyed BwasenjoyingChaveenjoyed Dhavebeenenjoying

用already，yet或still填空。1.Theoldmanis_____living.2.Hewearsthatoldcoat____.3.Ihavenot___heardfromhim.4.Haveyourparentscomeback___?5.Ifhehasn’tseenthefilm____,Imaygivehimaticket.6.Ihavenotheardthestory____.7.Hehas______turnedonthelight.8.Theyare____here.stillstillyetyetyetyetalreadystill選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead____severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince7.HehaslivedinNanjing______twoyearsago.8.I’veknownhim_____wewerechildren.9.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese____threeyears.10.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity____abouttenyears.11.It’sabouttenyears______sheleftthecity.sincesincesinceforfor1.whereisJim?He

Wuhan.2.Myparents______________theGreatWalltwice