從Para.3中找出Havingdone作狀語(yǔ)的句子Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.1.Ihadworkedhardallday,soIwenttobedearly.2.IhadexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,soIdidn’ttakemuchnotice.原因狀語(yǔ)Havingdone___________主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行_______被動(dòng),完成_____________將來(lái)；目的_______________強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生beingdonetobedonehavingbeendone

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞todo/doing/done/havingdonehavingdonetododonedoing1.看主語(yǔ)，辨主被動(dòng)2.看時(shí)態(tài)，辨動(dòng)作先后順序1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold

3.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.4.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.

A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

5.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.6.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.7.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

CA/DABCBD-ing分詞的構(gòu)成

-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成，表示與主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)關(guān)系。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式（以do為例）主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone，完成所表示的時(shí)間在主句的動(dòng)作之前表示被動(dòng)可直接用過(guò)去分詞V+ed-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：

-ing分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式的動(dòng)作是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如：

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對(duì)書本很感興趣。

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.

因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。

-ing分詞的否定形式是由not/never加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：

Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.

不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。

-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示與后面句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(beingdone)和完成被動(dòng)式(havingbeendone)。如：

（Havingbeencriticized）

bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.

被老師批評(píng)以后，他把煙戒了。

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，常常用來(lái)表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的的狀語(yǔ)（通常用不定式表目的的狀語(yǔ)）。-ing分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意：1現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)可由連詞when,while引出。2現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞一般位于句首。如：

Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.

他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。

Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.

看到那些畫，她想起了她的童年。

WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1）表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2)表原因狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句）Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.1.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.）2.既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生，你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。3.由于想到他或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ)：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)地分詞表示的動(dòng)作，必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。He_______________________thewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalkingstoodleaningagainst4)表結(jié)果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,__________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表?xiàng)l件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走，你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking(6)與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhair.

我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.

如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。

有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.

他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。獨(dú)立成分：有些分詞短語(yǔ)可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來(lái)解釋整個(gè)句子，不受句子主語(yǔ)的限制。常見的分詞短語(yǔ)有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假設(shè)),judgingfrom(從…判斷),talkingof（談到),speakingof（談到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposing

youlose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?1、分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人。2、分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。

使用-ing形式需注意的4個(gè)問題.3、用V+ing一般式還是Having+done完成式，要看前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有沒明顯的先后順序，在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4、分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語(yǔ)前面加上not,never等否定詞構(gòu)成。Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.=Havingheard

astrangesound,hewentoutof….Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento….be-beingAsshedidn’tknowanyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.ConsolidationThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing

2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake3.”Can’tyouread?”Marysaid______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing4.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotNothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5．Themissingsingerwaslastseen____thevoiceclosetothebridge．

A．exercisingB．tobeexercising

C．exerciseD．toexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear．

A．carryoutB．carryingout

C．carriedoutD．tocarryout

7.__________

theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.

A.Toclean

B.Havingcleaned

C.Cleaned

D.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“

A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10.________fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.

A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame11.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12.________hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.

A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.WhensheheardPractise:Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingCD1.Thestrangersaidsomethingina_______voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch________A.frightening,frightenedB.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frighteningD.frightened,frightenedChoosethebestanswer.2.________thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.Examining3.Mothercaughttheboy______inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.beingsmokedD.smoking4.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks..A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted5.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”,saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked6.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin7.Thebell_______theendoftheperiodrang,______ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted8._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.Tosuffer