阜寧中學(xué)2023秋學(xué)期高二年級(jí)期中考試英語試題時(shí)間：120分鐘分值：150分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthemansound?A.Surprised.B.Confused.C.Annoyed.2.Whichpicturedoesthemanlikemost?A.Theoneofboats.B.Theoneofanimals.C.Theoneofthevillagehouses.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodofirst?A.Seeamovie.B.Havedinner.C.Goforawalk.4.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Toaskforhelp.B.Togiveadvice.C.Tomakeanappointment.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Fatheranddaughter.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Byariver.B.Onafarm.C.Athome.7.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthepaththroughthewoods?A.Itwasold.B.Itwaswet.C.Itwaslong.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthemandoingnowprobably?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Givingaclass.C.Conductingajobinterview.9.WhydidthewomanlikeMr.Evans?A.Hetaughtheractingskills.B.Hehadasenseofhumor.C.Hehadapassionforhistory.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abirthdayparty.B.Apromotionparty.C.Agraduationparty.11.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelabouttheparty?A.Bored.B.Excited.C.Satisfied.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Talktohismum.B.SurftheInternet.C.Gototheshops.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whendidthemanreceiveprofessionaltrainingindiving?A.Atage13.B.Atage18.C.Atage28.14.Whydidthemanlearntodive?A.Torelaxhimself.B.Tolearnaboutanewfield.C.Toachievehischildhooddream.15.Whatdoesthemanenjoymostaboutdivingnow?A.Protectingfish.B.Sharingtheadventure.C.Watchingseacreatures.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestotherdiversdo?A.Practicehard.B.Buythebestequipment.C.Learnfromexperiencedinstructors.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakerprobably?A.Areporter.B.Ateacher.C.Awriter.18.Whatdopeopledoatthefestival?A.Theyrecycleplastic.B.Theyweartheirnewclothes.C.Theythrowtomatoesateachother.19.Howlongdoesthefestivallast?A.Aboutonehour.B.Abouttwohours.C.Aboutthreehours.20.WhatdoesAntoniousuallydoontheeveningofthefestival?A.Hecookslocalfood.B.Heenjoysfireworks.C.Hedanceswithothers.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑AThesummervacationisapproaching!Isthereacampyouhaveastrongdesiretotakeyourchildrentoduringtheholiday?Ifnot,Istronglyremendthefollowingsummercamps.MultiArtsDayProgramTheprogramchallengeschildrentousetheirimaginationstotranslatetheirideasintomusic,movement,andcreativedrama.Studentsworkinlargeandsmallgroupsthroughouttheday.ParentsareweletostaythefirstmorninguntilMorningSingisover.Ages:58Dates:July48Daystudenttuition(學(xué)費(fèi)):$410FashionDesignandTextileArtIfyoulovecoloranddesign,thenthisisthesummercampforyou!Youwilllearnsomehandsewingaswellashowtouseasewingmachineasyoucreateyourdesigns.Youwillalsolearnhowtochoosethetypesofcloththatbestsuityourdesigns.Pleasebring2pairsofoldjeansand510shirtstobeusedinyourprojects.Ages:1113Dates:July316Daystudenttuition:$1,280Drawing&PaintingforJuniorArtistsExplorethewondersofartinthisfunandexcitingsummercamp!Discoverwaystocreateandthinkaboutart.Useyourowncreativitytodevelopyourownstyle.Youwilllearnmanystylesofpaintinganddrawing.Youshouldbeopenandwillingtotrynewtechniques.Plantobringpaintbrushes,apadofpaper,asetofpencils,andapencilsharpenerAges:1113Dates:July1730Daystudenttuition:$1,980Shakespeare’sWorldEnjoythisfun,handsonwayintotheworksofWilliamShakespeare.YouwilllearnaboutthelifeandtimesofShakespeareandrehearse(排練)oneofhisplays.Youwillstudytheplayindepthandtakeafieldtriptoseealive,professionalproductionofit.Youwillaudition(試演)forpartsandlearnamazinganddirectactingtechniquesforbringingShakespeare’swordstolife.Ages:913Dates:June1730Daystudenttuition:$1,6801.Whenwillthecampfor6yearoldsopen?A.OnJune17. B.OnJuly3. C.OnJuly4. D.OnJuly17.2.HowmuchshouldTompayifhis12yearoldsonwantstoattendacamptolearnpainting?A.$410. B.$1,280. C.$1,680. D.$1,980.3.Whichcampoffersstudentsachancetogoonafieldtrip?A.Shakespeare’sWorld. B.MultiArtsDayProgram.C.FashionDesignandTextileArt. D.Drawing&PaintingforJuniorArtists.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了幾個(gè)適合孩子參加的夏令營(yíng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MultiArtsDayProgram部分中的“Ages:58(年齡：58)”和“Dates:July48(日期：7月48日)”可知，6歲兒童夏令營(yíng)7月4日開始。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Drawing&PaintingforJuniorArtists部分中的“Daystudenttuition:$1,980(全日制學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi)：1980美元)”可知，如果湯姆12歲的兒子想?yún)⒓永L畫夏令營(yíng)，他應(yīng)該付1980美元。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shakespeare’sWorld部分第三句“Youwillstudytheplayindepthandtakeafieldtriptoseealive,professionalproductionofit.(你將深入研究這出戲，并進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察，觀看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的專業(yè)演出。)”可知，“莎士比亞的世界”夏令營(yíng)為學(xué)生提供了實(shí)地考察的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A。BIsittruethatourbrainaloneisresponsibleforhumancognition(認(rèn)知)?Whataboutourbody?Isitpossibleforthoughtandbehaviourtooriginatefromsomewhereotherthanourbrain?PsychologistswhostudyEmbodiedCognition(EC)asksimilarquestions.TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblemsolving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.Ifyouthinkaboutitforamoment,itmakestotalsense.Whenyousmellsomethinggoodorhearamusingsounds,certainemotionsareawakened.Thinkabouthownewbornsusetheirsensestounderstandtheworldaroundthem.Theydon’thaveemotionssomuchasneeds—theydon’tfeelsad,they’rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeeltheirmothers’heartbeatsandthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld,theycrywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoassociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.Understandably,theoristshavebeenarguingforyearsandstilldisagreeonwhetherthebrainisthenervecentrethatoperatestherestofthebody.OlderWesternphilosophersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersbelievethisisfact,whileECtheorisesthatthebrainandbodyareworkingtogetherasanorganicsuperputer,processingeverythingandformingyourreactions.Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemindbodyinteraction.Inoneexperiment,testsubjectswereaskedtojudgepeopleafterbeinghandedahotoracolddrink.Theyallmadewarmevaluationswhentheirfingertipsperceivedwarmthratherthancoolness.Anditworkstheotherwaytoo.Inanotherstudy,subjects’fingertiptemperaturesweremeasuredafterbeing“included”inor“rejected”fromagrouptask.Thosewhowereincludedfeltphysicallywarmer.Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻)thatweusewithouteventhinking.Akindandsympatheticpersonisfrequentlyreferredtoasonewithasoftheartandsomeonewhoisverystrongandcalmindifficultsituationsisoftendescribedassolidasarock.Andthiskindofmetaphoricaluseismonacrosslanguages.Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmindbodyinteraction,whynotuseit?Ifyou’rehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.Ifyouknowyou’rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyinterpersonaldecisions.4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthesignificanceofEC?A.Itbringsusclosertothetruthinhumancognition.B.Itoffersaclearerpictureoftheshapeofhumanbrain.C.Itrevealsthemajorroleofthemindinhumancognition.D.Itfacilitatesourunderstandingoftheoriginofpsychology.5.Wheredoesthenewborns’understandingoftheirsurroundingsstartfrom?A.Theirpersonallooks. B.Theirmentalneeds.C.Theirinneremotions. D.Theirphysicalfeelings.6WhatdoestheauthorintendtoprovebycitingthemetaphorsinParagraph5?A.Humanspeechisalivewithmetaphors.B.Humansenseshaveeffectsonthinking.C.Humanlanguageisshapedbyvisualimages.D.Humanemotionsareoftenparedtonaturalmaterials.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Todeepenthereaders’understandingofEC.B.ToencouragethereadertoputECintopractice.C.Toguidethereaderontothepathtocareersuccess.D.Tosharewiththereaderwaystoreleasetheiremotions.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了心理學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)EC理論表明，我們不是只有大腦負(fù)責(zé)人類的認(rèn)知，我們的身體也負(fù)責(zé)思考或者解決問題。更準(zhǔn)確的說思想塑造身體，身體同等程度地塑造思想?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第五句話“TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblemsolving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.(EC理論表明，我們的身體也負(fù)責(zé)思考或解決問題。更準(zhǔn)確地說，思維塑造身體，身體同等程度地塑造思維。)”可推知，EC理論讓我們更接近人類認(rèn)知的真相。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句話“Theydon’thaveemotionssomuchasneed—theydon’tfeelsad,they’rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeeltheirmothers’heartbeatsandthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld，theycrywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoassociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.(他們沒有如同需要那么多的情感——他們不會(huì)感到悲傷，他們只是餓，需要食物。即使是未出生的嬰兒也能感覺到母親的心跳，這具有鎮(zhèn)靜作用。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，他們冷了就哭，然后被擁抱。這樣，他們開始將溫暖與被愛聯(lián)系起來)”可推知，新生兒對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的理解依靠的是身體感覺。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句話“Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻)thatweusewithouteventhinking.(為了進(jìn)一步證明，我們可以看看我們不假思索就使用的比喻)”和第四段第一句話“Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemindbodyinteraction.(更多的研究支持了身心互動(dòng))”可知，兩個(gè)自然段都是為了證明上文第三段EC的觀點(diǎn)“OlderWesternphilosophersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersbelievethisisfact,whileECtheorisesthatthebrainandbodyareworkingtogetherasanorganicsuperputer,processingeverythingandformingyourreactions.(年長(zhǎng)的西方哲學(xué)家和主流語言研究人員認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)，而EC理論認(rèn)為大腦和身體作為一臺(tái)有機(jī)的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)同工作，處理一切并形成反應(yīng))”。所以，作者想要印證的是人類的感官對(duì)思維有影響。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話“Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmindbodyinteraction,whynotuseit?(既然您已經(jīng)掌握了身心互動(dòng)的知識(shí)，為什么不使用它呢?)”以及下文中列舉的兩種現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的情況“Ifyou’rehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.Ifyouknowyou’rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyinterpersonaldecisions.(如果你今天過得很糟糕，一杯溫暖的茶會(huì)給你帶來一瞬間的快樂。如果你知道自己身體很冷，在做出任何人際關(guān)系決定之前先熱身。)”可推知，最后一段作者鼓勵(lì)讀者把EC理論運(yùn)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中。故選B。CMarsmayseemlikeadry,desolateplace,buttheredplanettransformsintoanotherworldlywonderlandinwinter,accordingtoanewvideosharedbyNASA.It’slatewinterinMars’NorthernHemisphere,wherethePerseveranceroverandIngenuityhelicopterareexploringanancientriverdelta(三角洲)thatoncefedintoJezeroCraterbillionsofyearsago.Astheplanet’smainfeature,dustdrivesMartianweather,buttheplanetisnostrangertosnow,iceandfrost.TherearetwotypesofsnowonMars.OneisthekindweexperienceonEarthmadeoffrozenwater.ThethinMartianairandsubzerotemperaturesmeansthattraditionalsnowchangesfromasoliddirectlytoagas,beforetouchingthegroundonMars.TheothertypeofMartiansnowiscarbondioxidebased,ordryice,anditcanlandonthesurface.AfewfeetofsnowtendstofallonMarsinitsflatregionsnearthepoles.“Enoughfallsthatyoucouldsnowshoe(穿雪鞋走路)acrossit.”saidSylvainPiqueux,aMarsscientistatNASA’SJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,California,inastatement.Sofar,noorbiters(軌道飛行器)orrovershavebeenabletoseesnowfallontheredplanetbecausetheweatherphenomenononlyoccursatthepolesbeneathcloudcoveratnight.Thecamerasontheorbiterscan’tpeerthroughtheclouds,andnoroboticexplorershavebeendevelopedthatcouldsurvivethefreezingtemperaturesatthepoles,whichcanbeaslowasminus120degreesCelsius.However,theMarsClimateSounderinstrumentontheMarsReconnaissanceOrbitercandetectlightthat’sinvisibletothehumaneye.IthasmadedetectionsofcarbondioxidesnowfallingattheMartianpoles.ThePhoenixlander,whicharrivedonMarsin2008,alsousedoneofitslaserinstrumentstodetectwatericesnowfromitsspotabout1,600kilometersawayfromtheMartiannorthpole.Thankstophotographers,weknowsnowflakesonEarthareuniqueandsixsided.Beneathamicroscope,Martiansnowflakeswouldlikelylookalittledifferent.“Becausecarbondioxideicehasasymmetry(對(duì)稱)offour,weknowdryicesnowflakeswouldbecubeshaped(立方體的),”Piqueuxsaid.“ThankstotheMarsClimateSounder,wecantellthesesnowflakeswouldbesmallerthanthewidthofahumanhair.”IceandcarbondioxidebasedfrostsalsoformonMars,andtheycanoccurfartherawayfromthepoles.TheOdysseyorbiter(whichenteredMarsorbitin2001)haswatchedfrostformingandturningtoagasinthesunlight,whiletheVikinglandersspottedicyfrostonMarswhentheyarrivedinthe1970s.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesnowmadeoffrozenwateronMars?A.Itcontainslotsofdust. B.ItmakestheMartianairthick.C.Itkeepsitsformstablewhilefalling. D.ItcanhardlybeseenontheMartianground.9.WhatmakesitdifficultforroboticexplorerstoseesnowfallonMars?A.Thefreezingtemperature. B.Thethicknessofclouds.C.Thechangingweatherpattern. D.Thedistancefromthepoles.10.WhatcantheMarsClimateSoundertellusaboutdryicesnowflakes?A.Theirsmell. B.Theirsize. C.Theirspeed. D.Theirdirection.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ItSeldomSnowsonMars B.ItIsMuchColderonMarsC.TheBeautifulWinteronMars D.TheSeasonalChangesonMars【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了火星上雪的兩種類型以及探測(cè)器觀測(cè)雪所存在的挑戰(zhàn)以及目前對(duì)于火星上雪花的一些了解情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“OneisthekindweexperienceonEarthmadeoffrozenwater.ThethinMartianairandsubzerotemperaturesmeansthattraditionalsnowchangesfromasoliddirectlytoagas,beforetouchingthegroundonMars.(一種是我們?cè)诘厍蛏象w驗(yàn)到的由冰凍水構(gòu)成的水?；鹦窍”〉目諝夂土阆碌臏囟纫馕吨鴤鹘y(tǒng)的雪在接觸火星地面之前就會(huì)從固體直接變成氣體)”可知，火星上由冰凍的水構(gòu)成的雪在火星上幾乎看不到。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thecamerasontheorbiterscan’tpeerthroughtheclouds,andnoroboticexplorershavebeendevelopedthatcouldsurvivethefreezingtemperaturesatthepoles,whichcanbeaslowasminus120degreesCelsius.(軌道飛行器上的攝像頭無法透過云層進(jìn)行觀察，而且目前還沒有開發(fā)出能夠在極地低溫環(huán)境下生存的機(jī)器人探測(cè)器，那里的低溫可低至零下120攝氏度)”可知，冰點(diǎn)溫度讓機(jī)器人探測(cè)器難以看到火星上的降雪。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThankstotheMarsClimateSounder,wecantellthesesnowflakeswouldbesmallerthanthewidthofahumanhair.(多虧了火星氣候探測(cè)器，我們可以判斷出這些雪花比人類頭發(fā)的寬度還小)”可知，火星氣候探測(cè)器能告訴我們關(guān)于干冰雪花的尺寸大小。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Marsmayseemlikeadry,desolateplace,buttheredplanettransformsintoanotherworldlywonderlandinwinter,accordingtoanewvideosharedbyNASA.(火星可能看起來是一個(gè)干燥、荒涼的地方，但根據(jù)美國(guó)宇航局分享的一段新視頻，這顆紅色星球在冬天會(huì)變成一個(gè)超凡脫俗的仙境)”以及第三段“Astheplanet’smainfeature,dustdrivesMartianweather,buttheplanetisnostrangertosnow,iceandfrost.(作為火星的主要特征，塵埃驅(qū)動(dòng)著火星的天氣，但這個(gè)星球?qū)ρ?、冰和霜并不陌?”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了火星上雪的兩種類型以及探測(cè)器觀測(cè)雪所存在的挑戰(zhàn)以及目前對(duì)于火星上雪花的一些了解情況?？芍?，C選項(xiàng)“火星上美麗的冬天”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DClimatechangeandincreasesindroughtandrainstormsposeseriouschallengestoourwatermanagement.Aninternationalgroupofscientistshavebroughttogetheralargebodyofresearchonwaterqualityinriversworldwide.Thestudyshowsthatriverwaterqualitytendstoworsenduringextremeweatherevents.Astheseeventsbeemoreoftenandsevereduetoclimatechange,ecosystemhealthandhumanaccesstosafewatermaybeincreasinglyunderthreat.TheresearchledbyDr.MichellevanVlietofUtrechtUniversityanalyzed965casesofriverwaterqualitychangesduringextremeweathersuchasdrought,heatwaves,rainstorms,andflooding.Theanalysisshowsthatinmostcaseswaterqualitytendstobeeworseduringdroughtsandheatwaves(68%),rainstormsandfloods(51%),andunderlongtermchangesinclimate(56%).Duringdroughts,lesswaterisavailabletodilutecontaminants(稀釋污染物),whilerainstormsandfloodsgenerallyresultinmorecontaminantsthatrunofffromlandtoriversandstreams.Improvementsormixedresponsesinwaterqualityarealsoreportedforsomecases,forexamplewhenincreasedtransportofpollutantsisoffset(抵消)bymoredilutionduringfloodevents.Waterqualitychangesarestronglydrivenbychangesinwatertemperature.Landuseandotherhumanfactorssuchaswastewatertreatmentalsoshapehowthisplaysout.“Understandingtheplexinterplaybetweenclimate,landuse,andhumandrivers,whichtogetherinfluencethesourcesandtransportofpollutantsiscrucial,”saysvanVliet.TheresearchalsocallsformoredatacollectionandstudiesofwaterqualityinnonWesterncountries.“WeneedbettermonitoringofwaterqualityinAfricaandAsia.MostwaterqualitystudiesnowfocusonriversandstreamsinNorthAmericaandEurope.”Theresultsofthestudyunderlinetheurgentneedforabetterunderstandingofwaterqualitychangesduringextremeweatherevents.Itsoundsanalarmtous.Onlythenwillwebeabletodevelopeffectivewatermanagementstrategiesthatcansafeguardouraccesstocleanwaterandensureecosystemhealthunderclimatechangeandincreasingweatherextremes.12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.Humanbeingsshouldbeblamedforclimatechange.B.Worsenedwaterqualityisthreateningtheclimate.C.Waterqualityinriversworldwideisunderrisk.D.Watermanagementhasbeenimprovedrecently.13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thethreatscausedbyextremeweather. B.Thefactorsinfluencingwatersafety.C.ThefindingsofvanVliet’sresearch. D.ThedesignofvanVliet’sexperiment.14.Accordingtoparagraph3whichwillvanVlietprobablyagreewith?A.WaterqualityinnonWesterncountriesismoreterrible.B.Humanactivitieshaveabiginfluenceonwaterquality.C.RelateddatacollectionandstudiesofEuropeisadequate.D.Waterqualitychangesaredominatedbywatertemperature.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardvanVliet’sresearch?A.Unclear. B.Contradictory. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究表明氣候變化、極端天氣和人類活動(dòng)對(duì)水資源質(zhì)量構(gòu)成嚴(yán)峻威脅。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Climatechangeandincreasesindroughtandrainstormsposeseriouschallengestoourwatermanagement.(氣候變化以及干旱和暴雨的增加給我們的水資源管理帶來了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn))”和“Thestudyshowsthatriverwaterqualitytendstoworsenduringextremeweatherevents.Astheseeventsbeemoreoftenandsevereduetoclimatechange,ecosystemhealthandhumanaccesstosafewatermaybeincreasinglyunderthreat.(研究表明，在極端天氣事件中，河流水質(zhì)趨于惡化。由于氣候變化，這些事件變得更加頻繁和嚴(yán)重，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康和人類獲得安全用水的機(jī)會(huì)可能日益受到威脅)”可知，水資源質(zhì)量因氣候變化、極端天氣等因素受到嚴(yán)峻威脅，世界各地河流的水質(zhì)都處于危險(xiǎn)之中。故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，由第一句“TheresearchledbyDr.MichellevanVlietofUtrechtUniversityanalyzed965casesofriverwaterqualitychangesduringextremeweathersuchasdrought,heatwaves,rainstorms,andflooding.(烏得勒支大學(xué)的MichellevanVliet博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究分析了965起極端天氣期間河流水質(zhì)變化的案例，如干旱、熱浪、暴雨和洪水)”可知整個(gè)段落都在講述MichellevanVliet博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究，根據(jù)下句關(guān)鍵詞“Theanalysisshows”可知后文具體介紹該研究結(jié)果，所以C選項(xiàng)“ThefindingsofvanVliet’sresearch.(vanVliet的研究發(fā)現(xiàn))”符合本段主旨。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Waterqualitychangesarestronglydrivenbychangesinwatertemperature.Landuseandotherhumanfactorssuchaswastewatertreatmentalsoshapehowthisplaysout.(水質(zhì)變化主要受水溫變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)。土地使用和廢水處理等其他人為因素也影響了這種情況的發(fā)展)”和vanVliet所說的“Understandingtheplexinterplaybetweenclimate,landuse,andhumandrivers,whichtogetherinfluencethesourcesandtransportofpollutantsiscrucial.(了解氣候、土地利用和人類驅(qū)動(dòng)因素之間的復(fù)雜相互作用至關(guān)重要，這些因素共同影響污染物的來源和運(yùn)輸)”可知，土地使用和廢水處理等其他人為因素也影響水質(zhì)變化，vanVliet認(rèn)為了解氣候、土地利用和人類驅(qū)動(dòng)因素之間的復(fù)雜相互作用至關(guān)重要，可得出他認(rèn)為人類活動(dòng)對(duì)水質(zhì)有很大影響。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theresultsofthestudyunderlinetheurgentneedforabetterunderstandingofwaterqualitychangesduringextremeweatherevents.Itsoundsanalarmtous.(研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)，迫切需要更好地了解極端天氣事件期間的水質(zhì)變化。這給我們敲響了警鐘)”可知，作者認(rèn)為該研究給我們敲響了警鐘，所以是對(duì)研究持“支持”態(tài)度。A.Unclear.不清晰的；B.Contradictory.矛盾的；C.Doubtful.懷疑的；D.Approving.支持的。故選D。第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Readingisessentialbuthowcanonechoosetherightbookstoreadandwherecanonefindthem?Afewfamouspeoplemaygiveyousomehelpfultips.●Readbooksfrompasteras.___16___Otherwiseyou’dbe“pletelydependentontheprejudicesandfashionsofyourtimes,”justasAlbertEinsteinputit.“Somebodywhoreadsonlynewspapersandbooksofcontemporaryauthorslookstomelikeanextremelynearsightedpersonwhodislikeseyeglasses,”hesaid.●___17___Readingtoowideavarietyintooshortatimewouldkeeptheteachingsfromleavingalastingimpressiononyou.SenecatheYounger,afirstcenturyRomanphilosopher,suggestedthat“youmustlinger(流連)amongalimitednumberofmasterthinkers,anddigesttheirworks,ifyouwouldobtainideaswhichshallwinfirmholdinyourmind.”●Shopatsecondhandbookstores.VirginiaWoolfbelievedtheworksinsecondhandbookstoreshaveanattractionwhichtheusualvolumesofthelibrarylack.Browsingthroughthesebooksgivesyouthechancetorunintosomethingthatwouldn’thaverisentotheattentionoflibrariansandbooksellers.___18___●Checkoutauthors’readinglists.Inhis1940guideHowtoReadaBook,AmericanphilosopherMortimerJ.Adlertalkedabouthowtochoosebooks.Heattachedimportancetothosethatotherauthorsconsiderworthreading.___19___Mortimerwrotethat“onewaytounderstandthemistoreadthebookstheyread.”●Makethefinaldecisionbyyourself.___20___It’syouyourselfwhoshouldchoosewhat,howandwhentoread.TheodoreRooseveltremendedchoosingbooksonsubjectsthatinterestyouandlettingyourmoodguideyoutoyournextgreatread.A.Interestisthebestteacher.B.Greatauthorsaregreatreaders.C.Leavesomeroomforolderworks.D.Learnmoreaboutthosegreatauthors.E.Don’tjumptooquicklyfrombooktobook.F.There’sno“bestbooks”listthateveryoneshouldfollow.G.Usuallytheyaremuchmoreselectiveinorganizingtheircollections.【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了閱讀應(yīng)該選什么樣的書合適以及該去哪兒找到它們?！?6題詳解】上文“Readbooksfrompasteras.(閱讀過去時(shí)代的書籍。)”是本段的主旨句。下文“Otherwise,you’dbe“pletelydependentontheprejudicesandfashionsofyourtimes,”justasAlbertEinsteinputit.(否則，正如阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦所說，你將“完全依賴于你所處時(shí)代的偏見和時(shí)尚”。)”可知，作者建議讀者閱讀過去的書籍。C項(xiàng)“Leavesomeroomforolderworks.(為舊作品留出一些空間。)”也是建議大家閱讀舊時(shí)代的書籍，符合本段主旨，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)橫線所在位置，可知此處應(yīng)是小標(biāo)題，概括下文。根據(jù)下文“Readingtoowideavarietyintooshortatimewouldkeeptheteachingsfromleavingalastingimpressiononyou.(在太短的時(shí)間內(nèi)閱讀太多種類的內(nèi)容會(huì)使文章無法給您留下持久的印象。)”可知，在太短的時(shí)間內(nèi)讀太多的書就會(huì)消化不了其中的知識(shí)，不能留下深刻印象。E項(xiàng)“Don’tjumptooquicklyfrombooktobook.(讀完一本書后不要太快地去讀另一本)”，與下文表述一致，能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Shopatsecondhandbookstores.(在二手書店購(gòu)物。)”以及空前“VirginiaWoolfbelievedtheworksinsecondhandbookstoreshaveanattractionwhichtheusualvolumesofthelibrarylack.Browsingthroughthesebooksgivesyouthechancetorunintosomethingthatwouldn’thaverisentotheattentionoflibrariansandbooksellers.(弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫認(rèn)為，二手書店的作品具有圖書館通常所缺乏的吸引力。瀏覽這些書讓你有機(jī)會(huì)看到一些不會(huì)引起圖書管理員和書商注意的東西。)”可推知，作者建議讀者去二手書店買書。G項(xiàng)“Usuallytheyaremuchmoreselectiveinorganizingtheircollections.(通常，他們?cè)诮M織藏品時(shí)更具選擇性。)”承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明了作者建議讀者去二手書店買書的原因，符合語境，故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Checkoutauthors’readinglists.(查看作者的閱讀清單)”和空前“Heattachedimportancetothosethatofherauthorsconsiderworthreading.(他重視其他作者認(rèn)為值得讀的那些作品。)”可推知，作者建議讀者在選擇書籍時(shí)可以借鑒書籍作者的閱讀清單，閱讀他們讀過的書，說明作家讀過的書好。B項(xiàng)“Greatauthorsaregreatreaders.(好的作家也是好的讀者)”，承接上文，符合語境，故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)木段小標(biāo)題“Makethefinaldecisionbyyourself.(自己做最后的決定)”以及空后“It’syouyourselfwhoshouldchoosewhat,howandwhentoread.(閱讀內(nèi)容，閱讀方式和閱讀時(shí)間應(yīng)由你自己選擇)”可推知，想要讀什么書，要讀多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該由自己決定。F項(xiàng)“There’sno“bestbooks”listthateveryoneshouldfollow.(沒有人人都應(yīng)該遵循的“最佳書籍”清單)”也是在表達(dá)“讀者自由決定自己讀什么書”的內(nèi)容，符合語境，故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IgrewuponauniversitycampusineasternNigeria.Iwasa(n)____21____reader,andwhatIreadwereBritishandAmericanchildren’sbooks.IbegantowritewhenIwasseven.IwroteexactlythekindsofstoriesIwasreading:Allmy____22____werewhiteandblueeyed.Theyplayedinthesnow.Theyateapples,andtheytalkedalotaboutthe____23____，howlovelyitwasthatthesunhad____24____.Whatthisdemonstratesishow____25____wecanbeinfluencedbywhatweread,particularlyaschildren.BecauseallIhadreadwereforeignbooks,Ihadbee____26____thatbookshadtohave____27____inthemandhadtobeaboutthingswithwhichIcouldnotpersonallyidentify.Things____28____whenIdiscoveredAfricanbooks.Thereweren’tmanyofthemavailable,andtheyweren’tquiteaseasyto____29____astheforeignbooks.But_____30_____writerslikeChinuaAchebeandCamaraLayeIwentthroughamental_____31_____inmyviewofliterature.I_____32_____thatpeoplelikeme,girlswithskinthecolorofchocolate,couldalso_____33_____inliterature.IstartedtowriteaboutthingsIrecognized.Whatthe_____34_____ofAfricanwritersdidformewasthis:Itsavedmefromhavinga_____35_____storyofwhatbooksare.21.A.early B.aimless C.careful D.poor22A.instructors B.neighbors C.friends D.characters23.A.snow B.fruits C.cuisine D.weather24.A.disappeared B.set C.eout D.gonedown25.A.briefly B.regularly C.scarcely D.easily26.A.convinced B.puzzled C.concerned D.satisfied27.A.heroes B.foreigners C.Africans D.children28.A.remained B.changed C.worsened D.worked29.A.read B.understand C.find D.keep30.A.inspiteof B.onbehalfof C.becauseof D.insteadof31.A.confusion B.shift C.block D.activity32.A.realized B.suspected C.claimed D.forgot33.A.take B.exist C.believe D.major34.A.discovery B.popularity C.imagination D.analysis35.A.classic B.remarkable C.whole D.single【答案】21.A22.D23.D24.C25.D26.A27.B28.B29.C30.C31.B32.A33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了閱讀對(duì)作者寫作產(chǎn)生的影響。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很早（小）的時(shí)候就開始閱讀了，我讀的是英國(guó)和美國(guó)的兒童書籍。A.early早的；B.aimless沒有目標(biāo)的；C.careful小心的，仔細(xì)的；D.poor貧窮的。根據(jù)“IbegantowritewhenIwasseven.”可知，作者很早就開始閱讀書籍了。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我寫的正是我正在讀的那種故事：我所有的角色都是白人和藍(lán)眼睛。A.instructors指導(dǎo)員；B.neighbors鄰居；C.friends朋友；D.charact