高考英語短文改錯解題技巧命題特點⑴用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學生的學習生活非常貼近，好像就是學生的習作。⑵長度均在100詞左右。⑶這些材料都是記敘文。⑷新課標卷的設(shè)題通常是：1處多1個詞，1處少1個詞，8處錯1個詞。1）短文長度 依據(jù)高考近兩年全國卷I和II進行分析，特別是年，詞數(shù)都是106，故此題的短文長度應在105-110個詞之間。行數(shù)：7命題原則細看題目規(guī)范短文改錯（共10小題，每小題一分，滿分10分）文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞⑵上下文的單復數(shù)不一致。IthinkIwouldbehappythere.mountainsaregreen.Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.(but→and，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them⑴用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學生的學習生活非常貼近，好像就是學生的習作。Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeavery(which→what)形容詞在句中作定語,表語，補語Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.［課標II］Missingword刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。I,you,he,she,it,we,you,theyThankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.1.Icangotohomenow.2.Ilikeplayingpiano.3.IamfondatEnglish.theWrongword∧MissingwordofUnnecessary

word高考短文改錯的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范）設(shè)疑方式 錯詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1）短文改錯應注意的問題

四不改:

①標點符號不改。

②大小寫不改。③詞序錯誤不改。

④在綱外生詞不改。

Don'tforget!Stepsofcorrectingacomposition:1.Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.(瀏覽全文，掌握大意）2.Readthepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.（分句閱讀，逐行找錯）3.Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.（檢查核對，攻克難點）動詞形，名詞數(shù)還要注意形和副非謂語，細辨別代詞格，細領(lǐng)悟

ALimerick介詞、短語要記住冠詞連詞常光顧邏輯錯誤理清楚一、動詞形

主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.［全國課標卷］find缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺be動詞）

Sheafraidofstayingathomealone.∧is：Anyonecanborrowbooksifheorshewish.

：Youcansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandtheotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittotakethemout.

wishespermittedNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.likes二、名詞數(shù)

指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.

lessons

錯誤類型：名詞單復數(shù)錯誤；名詞所有格錯誤。

改正方法：

①分析修飾語的單復數(shù)意義、主謂一致的特點和語境意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復數(shù)錯誤。②分析前后兩個名詞之間有無所屬關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞所有格錯誤。?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有fun,progress,advice,information,equipment,furniture,news等。二、名詞數(shù)⑴在several,few,many,oneof,acoupleof,three,oneandahalf,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等詞語后，或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們，本應接復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如：Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourand…［課標II］—hours⑵像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用了復數(shù)。如：Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.［課標］.(luggages→luggage)⑶本應用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。如：WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.［課標］(myfriend→myfriend’s)[例1]…givemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.[例2]Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.[例3]WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.[例4]Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.名詞當堂練advicefriendsfriend’scousin’s三、還要注意形和副

注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級也是考察的重點。形容詞在句中作定語,表語，補語副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動詞，形容詞，整句]IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.lessWearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!［課標I］Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicy（多汁的）andtaste.［課標I］Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.［課標I］Iamawfullytiring.［浙江］DadandIwereterribleworried.［課標II］wonderfultastyserioustiredterribly四、非謂語，細辨別

這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，和不定式錯誤。

todo表目的或?qū)韉oing表主動進行done表被動完成一般說來，句中已有謂語動詞，再出現(xiàn)動詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞時，該動詞應為非謂語動詞。我們應根據(jù)該非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.［全國卷］…maketheirfriendshiptolastlong.［大綱］Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.［課標卷］Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.［大綱］lookingseeingtold五、代詞格，細領(lǐng)悟1人稱代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代詞形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some5疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代詞one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either⑴上下文的人稱不一致。如：Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.(them→us)［大綱］⑵上下文的單復數(shù)不一致。如：…bothofthemhavesimilarideas…Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhimtohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(him→them)［大綱］WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveintheseriouslyproblem.inSundayafternoon高考短文改錯的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范）設(shè)疑方式 錯詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1）⑶上下文的性別不一致?！璪othofthemhavesimilarideas…Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhim⑴用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學生的學習生活非常貼近，好像就是學生的習作。Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.這是考得最多的微考點。LotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryItwasverycrowded.②連詞的多用、少用和誤用；：Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.⑶上下文的性別不一致。如：Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid…(him→her)［大綱］⑷人稱代詞格的誤用。如：LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththem…(I→me)［2007課標］⑸人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯用。如：Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers…

(從句主語which是指thevoice,這種聲音使“他”與別人分離,故改himself為him)［課標I］：Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.［課標］

Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.［全國卷］

ourhis

主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。inSundayafternooncatchasightoflosemyheartinhurryaon∨六、介詞短語要記?、懦Ｓ媒樵~的錯用。如：Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.［課標II］for⑵固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：…andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes…［課標I］of⑶固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.［課標II］to冠詞⑴基本用法：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個/段/座/本….”等時要用a或an；表示特指時用the。⑵固定短語中多用，少用或錯用冠詞。如：Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.［課標］Asaresult七、冠詞、連詞常光顧[例1]Besides,afriendisalwaysgoodlistenerwhenyouneedone.[例2]JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.[例3]Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.∧∧athean冠詞當堂練?？嫉腻e誤形式有：連詞but,however,and,or,because,so,when,before,after,which,that,what的用法錯誤

連詞（1）and與but用混。這是考得最多的微考點。如：Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfromoneanother,butthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.［大綱］(but→and，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)（2）although/though/while不與but連用；since/as/because不與so連用。如：Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydisease…［課標I］(去掉but或改為yet)⑶and與or。What’smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek…［大綱］

(and→or)⑷which與what。Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.［遼寧］(which→what)⑷so與or。Wewerewarnednottocheatagainsoshewouldneedtoseeourparents.［四川］(so因此→or否則)⑸after與before。Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.［陜西］(Before→After邏輯)⑺多用或少用連詞。如：Withlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.［遼寧］Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.［大綱］what⑻錯用that引導非限制性定語從句。如：Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.［課標II］which

八.邏輯關(guān)系理清楚錯誤類型：①否定詞特別是not、never等的漏用；②連詞的多用、少用和誤用；③定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用，特別是which與that的誤用；④名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是what和that的誤用。改正方法：在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，特別注意and、or、but、after、before、however、therefore、besides、unless、if等詞的使用是否正確。另外，考生在理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷定語從句和名詞性從句引導詞的使用是否正確。邏輯關(guān)系當堂練[例1]AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.[例2]Itturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshe’dleftontheshelfbymistake.[例3]Intheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.andwhichuntil/till【解題步驟】1瀏覽全文，掌握大意2分句閱讀，逐行找錯3檢查核對，攻克難點4規(guī)范答題不超十個practice1.課標卷IWhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappyt