Unit3Fitforlife

Grammar&Usage詳解課件

新譯林2020版

選必二Presentperfectcontinuous現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去視上下文而定。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.一、用法中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史。動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去這些天來(lái)他一直在給我們的雜志寫(xiě)文章。TomhasbeenphoningAliceeverynightforseveralmonths.幾個(gè)月來(lái)，湯姆每天晚上都給艾麗斯打電話。2.表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在時(shí)的一段時(shí)間被反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.allthesedays表示的是一段時(shí)間反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。強(qiáng)調(diào)Tom最近幾個(gè)月反復(fù)給Alice打電話。Hewastired,hehasbeenworkingallday.他累了，他整天都在工作。表示工作的持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?Myfatherhasbeenwritinglettersallmorning.Ihavebeentryingalldaytocontactyou.Theboyhasbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblemsincelastweek.She’s

beenworkinginabanksincesheleftschool.1.

表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)，常與allthistime，thisweek/month，allmorning/afternoon/day，recently等狀語(yǔ)以及由for和since所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。2.

表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。John’sclothesarecoveredwithpaint.Hehasbeenpaintingtheroom.Thebabyhasbeencryingforalongtime,butthefatherhasgonetosleepnow.Ihavebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybodyisin.IhavefoundthebookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.ShehasbeenburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforGRE.WehavebeengoingtoSeattleforhalfayear.I'vebeenworkingwithherfor20years.例：S（主語(yǔ)）+have/hasbeendoing二、結(jié)構(gòu)①在不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在持續(xù)進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去已結(jié)束。

我們一直在打掃教室。我們把教室打掃過(guò)了。

Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示動(dòng)作已完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)卻不一定如此。Ihavelookedforasuitableschoolallaroundthecity.

（已經(jīng)不找了）Ihavebeenlookingforasuitableschoolallaroundthecity.

（一直在找）2.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般用howmanytimes詢問(wèn)動(dòng)作完成的次數(shù)；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示持續(xù)不間斷的動(dòng)作，一般用howlong詢問(wèn)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間。Howmanytimeshaveyouvisitedthemuseum?（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性）Howlonghaveyoubeenworkinginthecompany?

（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性）③有些表示狀態(tài)、感情、感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如：have,exist,like,hear,know,sound等，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1970.他們自從1970年就相識(shí)了。JohnhaslovedMarysincetenyearsago.約翰愛(ài)了瑪莉整整十年。IhavenotspokenEnglishfortwoyears.Hehasneverseenamanlikehim.④在否定句中一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。IhavenotbeenspeakingEnglishfortwoyears.Hehasneverbeenseeingamanlikehim.3.

許多靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)而不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.already，ever，never，yet等副詞不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。He’salovelydog

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howlonghaveyouhadhim?Theboyhasadmittedhismistake.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1.I_________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2.I________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3.Mymother________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4.Thecompany_______________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5.Scientists______________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmakinghavebeendoing

ApplyingtherulesLet’sreadapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.beequippedwithwithdrawintooneselfleadanormallifeholdontomoreamazinglybecapableofdoingsth.begratefulfor...openupnewpossibilitiesUsefulExpressionsonP34裝備有，配備有離群索居過(guò)正常的生活抓住不放；握住；控制更加令人驚異的是有能力做某事因而感激開(kāi)啟新的可能性AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.兩年前，我在一場(chǎng)車禍中失去了右手，此后我開(kāi)始封閉自我，認(rèn)為自己再也無(wú)法過(guò)正常的生活了。我裝了一只假手，但它感覺(jué)不像是我的一部分。即使是像穿衣服這樣簡(jiǎn)單的事情也難以置信地困難。然而，三個(gè)月前，當(dāng)我有機(jī)會(huì)測(cè)試一只新的機(jī)械手時(shí)，一切都改變了。Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,I

canmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.近年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們?cè)跈C(jī)器人技術(shù)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步，他們?cè)跈C(jī)械肢體方面的工作確實(shí)改變了我的生活。用我的新手，我可以移動(dòng)我的手指，握住像鋼筆和鉛筆這樣的小東西。更神奇的是，我的機(jī)械手能夠感受到不同程度的壓力，就像一只真正的手一樣。此外，它的外表使用了特殊的橡膠，看起來(lái)非常逼真。OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，我一直在測(cè)試我用這只新手所能做的事情的極限，它不斷地給我?guī)?lái)驚喜。我重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了事故前喜歡的愛(ài)好。例如，自從我有了新的手，我又開(kāi)始為我的家人做飯了。我不僅可以做得更多，而且我也變得更加自信和外向。我很感激我的機(jī)械手帶來(lái)的所有新可能性。AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.BeforehavingthenewrobotichandWiththenewrobotichandAfterhavingthenewrobotichand

Fillinthefollowingtableaccordingtothepersonalaccount.Beforehavingthenew

robotichandThegirlbeganto_____________________afterlosingherrighthandina

caraccidenttwoyearsago.Theoldartificialhandcouldnothelpherbecause_____________________________________________________.WiththenewrobotichandThegirlcan__________________________andholdontosmallthings.Thenewrobotichandiscapableof

_________________________________.Thenewrobotichandlooksverylifelikewith_________________________________.Afterhavingthenew

robotichandThegirlhasrediscoveredoldhobbies.Thegirlhasbecomemore_____________________.withdrawintoherselfshecouldn’tdosimplethingslikegettingdresssedmoveherindividualfingersfeelingvaryingdegreesofpressurespecialrubberusedontheoutsideconfidentandoutgoingFindthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.1.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,

...2.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,...3....,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.A Exploringtherules?Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandisstillcontinuingnow,oranactionthathasjustfinishedbutisstillconnectedwith(1)_______________(thepast/thepresent/thefuture)insomeway.?Theverbformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseis

“(2)______________________

”.thepresenthas/havebeendoingWorkingouttherulesFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,_________________(desire)tohavea20-yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.2.Thenumberofvisitors_______________(rise)steadilysincethereopening,despiteasharpdeclinecomparedtonormalyears.3.Arecentstudyhasfoundthatthenumberofsmokers__________________(increase)sharplyoverthepastfiveyears.4.We________________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautifulsincethetimehumankindstartedgardening.hasbeendesiringhasbeenrisinghasbeenincreasinghavebeentryingPractice5.TodayI_________________________(photograph)acrocodileswimmingclosetoourboat,theKimberleyQuest,allday.6.Mr.Smith________________________(overwork)thesedays.Ithinkheshouldtakeaholidaybeforeheburnsout.7.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescope___________________(circle)theEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap(一圈).8.Excuseme,Madam.Ellen,ajournalistfromtheDailyMail_______________(phone)allday.Couldyouspeaktohimnow?havebeenphotographinghasbeenoverworkinghasbeencirclinghasbeenphoningFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.ApplyingtherulesB1Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.Applyingtherules1.I__________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2.I_________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3.Mymother________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4.Thecompany________________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5.Scientists________________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmakinghavebeendoingApplyingtherulesB2Belowisanarticleaboutroboticlimbs.Circlethecorrectexpressionstocompleteit.

ApplyingtherulesIt(1)

isbeingestimated/hasbeenestimatedthatover30millionpeopleworldwidehavelostarmsorlegs,andmanyofthemfailtogetthehelpthattheyneed.Forsometime,they(2)arehopingfor/havebeenhopingforbetter-qualityartificial

limbs.Fortunately,oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain:roboticlimbs.Overthelastfewyears,scientists(3)havebeendeveloping/willbedevelopingnewkindsofartificiallimbstohelppeopleovercometheirdisabilities.Boboticlimbscandomuchmorethanconventionalartificiallimbs.Someoftheearliestartificiallimbsweremadeofwoodandleather,anduntilrecently,artificiallimbs(4)haveonlyserved/haveonlybeenservingbasicfunctions.Withtheadvancementinrobotictechnology,articficiallimbscannowperformmuchmorecomplextasksandcomeclosertorealhumanlimbs.Notonlycantheymakeamuchwiderrangeofmovements,buttheycanalsobecontrolleddirectlybythebrainandfeedsensoryinformationbackintoit.ApplyingtherulesDavidJonesisoneofateamofscientistsdevotedtomakingevenbetterroboticlimbs.“We(5)havedone/havebeendoingeverythingwecantoadvancethistechnologyandwewillnottakeoutapatentonit,”saidDavid.“Hopefully,moreandmorepeopleinneedofroboticlimbswillbeequippedwiththemandenjoyahigherqualityoflife.”P(pán)age70Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.havebeenreading2.havebeenthinking/amthinking3.islearning4.havewritten5.hasbeentaking6.havebeenworking7.hasbeenraining8.Have;beenwaitingCHomeworkChecking選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面短文。SincetheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19,almosteveryone1.

_____________________(hadexperienced,hasbeenexperiencing)uncertaintyandunforeseenchallenges,includingthosewhowrite,publishandsellliteratureacrossth