閱讀理解高考閱讀考核微技能要求理解主旨要義理解文中具體信息根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義做出判斷和推理理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：體裁：記敘文

主題語境：人與自然

大意：文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。2023新課標(biāo)卷IB篇文章來源：HeroesoftheEnvironment_TrueStoriesofPeopleWhoAreHelping

toProtectOurPlanet[2009]--HarrietRohmer,JulieMcLaughlinStep2：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題step1語篇分析Step2：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)找出記敘文六要素：when,where,who,what,why,howwhathowapplictionandreflectionparad.1-2JohnTodddecidedbuildaneco-machine.parad.3-4HowJohnbuilttheeco-machine.parad.5-6applicationoftheeco-machineandreflectiononthebasisofit.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.快速定位解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段中的explore、observing和wonder以及第二段中的observingnature和askingquestions可知，John從小就喜歡探究和觀察大自然；喜歡動腦筋，善于思考，故選C。Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題探索觀察好奇他有求知欲。弄懂C.Hehadaninquiringmind.inquirevt.詢問，調(diào)查，查究，查問inquiringmind探索之心25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.

B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.

【3】ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.【4】Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.解析：理解具體信息。第三段首句說明了John的目的，即利用自己的裝置去除污泥中的有害物質(zhì)，接下來介紹了他的eco-machine的制作過程，即他首先設(shè)計了相互連接的一系列的玻璃纖維箱，然后從當(dāng)?shù)氐某靥梁托∠獛Щ貋砹艘恍﹦又参?，這些玻璃纖維箱和這些動植物逐漸形成了一個生態(tài)體系，為了測試這個生態(tài)體系是不是有自我凈化功能，John把污泥放進(jìn)了水箱里。選D。Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題過程結(jié)果D.Totesttheeco-machine.起因快速定位干擾項B.tobuildanecosystem易錯題【5】Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.?Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.?Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.解析：理解目的。第五段列舉了兩個實例，第一個例子說明了John開發(fā)了一個類似于溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水，第二個例子說明了他開發(fā)了一個生態(tài)機器來處理福州運河的水，由此可知，作者提及福州是為了展示John想法的一個具體應(yīng)用。選B。Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題Example1Example2主旨句27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【1】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.【6】

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”解析：理解具體信息。結(jié)合首尾段內(nèi)容可知，John的生態(tài)凈化機器是基于“大自然具有自我修復(fù)的功能”這一依據(jù)制成的。選A。Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題A.Naturecanrepairitself.首尾呼應(yīng)首段尾段體裁：說明文

主題語境：人與自然

大意：講述了美國灰熊從瀕危物種恢復(fù)到2000多頭，但也帶來了一些問題。2023全國甲卷D篇Step2：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題step1語篇分析leadingtothetopic---Grizzlybearspresentsituation

historicalsituationreasonsforpresentsituationsolutiontothetroublecausedbygrizzlybearsStep2：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)解析：理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段中“Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche-wereverethemevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.(灰熊可以長到米長，體重超過400公斤，在美國人的心理中占據(jù)著一個矛盾的角落——即使它們給我們帶來可怕的夢，我們也敬畏它們)”可知，美國人對灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他們的情感是混合的。故選A項。

【1Grizzlybears,（whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg定語從句省略）,occupya

conflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche

—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.32.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題conflictv.產(chǎn)生矛盾，沖突conflictedadj.矛盾的，不知所措的psychen.心理，心靈psychologyn.心理學(xué)--psychologicaladj.心理上的psychologistn.心理學(xué)家revere/r??v??(r)/v~sb(assth)(formal)tofeelgreatrespectoradmirationforsb/sth尊敬；崇敬(awevt)floodinto大量涌入floodoutof蜂擁而出快速定位Tips:此處注意破折號、which引導(dǎo)定語從句，解釋說明的信號詞that’stosay,thatis,inotherwords等33.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A.TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B.Theexpansionofbears’range.C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.【3】ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.【4】Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題快速定位解析：理解具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.(1975年，灰熊被列入《瀕危物種法》)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保護(hù)，灰熊的數(shù)量有了增長。故選C項?！?】Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtode-listgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswere

overturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題快速定位解析：理解具體細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第四段中“.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.(由于環(huán)保組織的訴訟，這兩項努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名單上)”可知，是環(huán)保組織的的反對阻止了美國魚類和野生動物管理局將灰熊從瀕危物種名單上除名。故選A項。overturnv.推翻，撤銷（判決等）---turnoverv.翻身，（使）傾覆de-listv.從清單上去除，取消資格de-前綴意思是“向下的，否定的，離開的”如：decrease、decline、devalue(貶低，貶值)、degrade(降級)、decay(衰退，腐敗)、delete（刪除）、deprive（剝奪）、depress、depart(離開)等。lawsuitn.法律訴訟，起訴Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題解析：推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段可推知，灰熊數(shù)量增長，雖然會帶來一些麻煩，但是如果采取一些預(yù)防措施，人和灰熊可以和諧相處。故選B項。35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.(干擾項）D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.attractantnn.（對動物等的）引誘物、引誘劑attract---attractant類似構(gòu)詞法的詞匯

有：assist--assitant、account--accountant、participate--participant、pollute--pollutant(污染物)determine--determinant(決定性因素)（9月調(diào)考）campsitetypically

adv.通常；一般;不出所料；果然快速定位solutiontotheproblemcausedbygrizzlybears-----creatanenvironmentwherehumanandbearsliveinharmony長難句分析Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaces（wheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.定語從句）35.Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplace（wherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits定語從句）體裁：說明文

主題語境：人與自然

大意：介紹的是用一種更加友好的方式建立一種新型的太陽能農(nóng)場，這種新型的農(nóng)場更有利于保護(hù)各種傳粉昆蟲，從而促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展2023浙江1月

D篇Step2：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題step1語篇分析（浙江1月）DStep2：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)problemscausedbysolarfarmsolutionstotheproblem--providinghabitateffectofthesolution32.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題快速定位解析：推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段可推知，太陽能開發(fā)者采用不環(huán)保的方式處理太陽能板安裝后產(chǎn)生的問題，導(dǎo)致人們把太陽能農(nóng)場看作是土壤的破壞者，由此可以推斷，開發(fā)者在安裝太陽能板后忽略了其帶來的負(fù)面影響。故選B項。paneln.面板;專題討論小組;陪審團solarpanels太陽能電池板installv.安裝;設(shè)置takeup占據(jù),吸引(注意力);開始從事putup張貼;建造fillsth.withsth.裝滿；填滿regionn.地區(qū)；區(qū)域see…as…把……看做……Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.3】“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).快速定位解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影響”太陽能開發(fā)的實用方法，其重點是以對土地更友好的方式建立和運營太陽能農(nóng)場。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和運營太陽能農(nóng)場，也就是使得太陽能農(nóng)場更加環(huán)保。故選C項。innovatev.創(chuàng)新-innovationn.–innovativeadj.protectv.保護(hù)-protectionn.contributeto有助于,促進(jìn),對…有貢獻(xiàn)agriculturen.–agriculturaladj.economyn.-economicadj.practicalapproachesfocusononeoftheadj.最高級名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)謂語pollinatev.pollinatorn.34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toconservepollinators. B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.C.Todiversifytheeconomy. D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.【4】Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.快速定位解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(超過28個州通過了與傳粉媒介棲息地保護(hù)和農(nóng)藥使用有關(guān)的法律。)”可知，這些法律都是與保護(hù)傳粉者棲息地和農(nóng)藥使用相關(guān)，所以這些法律的目的是保護(hù)授粉者。故選A項。pesticiden.殺蟲劑;農(nóng)藥dramatic

declinesadj.顯著的;突出的relateto與……相關(guān)conservev.-conservationn.保護(hù);保存;保持putout撲滅；出版guidelines

n.指導(dǎo)方針;準(zhǔn)則diverseadj.---diversityn.---diversifyv.使...多樣化Step3：審題—準(zhǔn)確定位（題文同序）—做題35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB.SolarEnergy:HopefortheFuture（干擾項）C.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopmentpara1-2problemscausedbysolarfarmpara3-4solutionstotheproblem--providinghabitateffectofthesolution解析：主旨大意理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsof