專題七定語(yǔ)從句核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破高考感悟單句填空1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)...ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.3.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注who人主語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),?？梢允÷?但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定語(yǔ)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語(yǔ)一般不省略when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替換where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替換why原因原因狀語(yǔ)Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替換注意1.當(dāng)先行詞為way,意為“方法、方式”,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用關(guān)系代詞which或that;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要用inwhich或that或不填任何關(guān)系詞。Theway(that/inwhich)hefinishedthetasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(作狀語(yǔ))Theway(that/which)heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(作賓語(yǔ))2.當(dāng)先行詞為time時(shí),若表示“一段時(shí)間”,后面定語(yǔ)從句用when引導(dǎo),也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次數(shù)”,后面定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo),that可以省略。TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.考點(diǎn)二that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的情況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人3.先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,ones時(shí)多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.考點(diǎn)三限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別類別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.續(xù)表類別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考點(diǎn)四as與which的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如,像”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,hewasafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.注意as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中:①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那樣②aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣③asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的考點(diǎn)五定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中不作任何成分,而that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等成分Don’tyouforgetthepromise(that)youmade?Hemakesapromisethathewillmakeyouveryrichifyouworkwithhim.what,whether和how不可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Thereissomedoubtwhethershewillbedismissedfromschool.定語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞既可以是具體名詞,也可以是抽象名詞;而同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞一般是抽象名詞,從句說(shuō)明該名詞所指的具體內(nèi)容Thepatientacceptedtheadvicethatsmokingshouldbegivenup.(同位語(yǔ)從句)ThisistheadvicewhichwasgivenbyTom.(定語(yǔ)從句)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.2.ItwasonthefarmweworkedthatIgottoknowher.3.Apersone-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.4.Youshouldreadonlysuchbooksyoucanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.5.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.6.Thereasonhewantstosellhishouseisthatheneedsalotofmoneyforhisoperation.7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,afterhefoundajobinabigcompany.8.Shewaspleasedwiththewayhehadacceptedhercriticism.9.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostofarehealthy.Attheageotherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.10.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空Thebooksonthedesks,1.coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Thebookiswellwrittenandwellprinted.Therearefew,ifany,mistakesinit.Thisisthebook2.Ihavereaddozensoftimes.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark3.youhaveanyquestions.FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridge4.helpsustoseekthetruth.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork5.agoodimpressionisamust.Iamlookingforwardtotheday6.mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.Iborrowedanotherbookfromthelibrarylastweek,7.myclassmaterecommendedtome.Tobehonest,Idon’reallyliketheauthor.Itisnotsuchabook8.canbeconsideredexciting.Besides,Ijustcan’tunderstandtheway