西方取經(jīng)第一整合寫作（9題西方取經(jīng)第一整合寫作（9題Roanoke Shouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartprojectsor Gulf ThefirstsettlersofEaster Cave T-Rexcould 獨立寫作（5題Doyouagreethattelephonesareplayingamoreeffectiverolethantelevisioninpeople's .Doyouagreeordisagree?Theenvironmentalissueistoocomplextobehandledbythe Peoplewhodevelopmanydifferentskillsaremoresuccessfulthanpeoplewhofocusononeskillonly… Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:theeffectiveleadertriestomakeothersfeeltheyhavebeenpartofadecision… Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Intwentyyearsfromwillnotuseprintedbooksanymore.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyour 6西方取經(jīng)第二整合寫作（共12題Cloud TheMonolithicStatuesofEaster 已考刪除TheFalloftheMayan T-Rexcouldnot RedColored WhyDoWe Howtoprotect Thepurposeof FunctionsofDeer's Great 獨立寫作（13題Doyouagree獨立寫作（13題Doyouagreeordisagree?Playingsportsgivesimportantlessononlessonsoflife Doyouagreethattheprofessionalathletessuchasthefootballplayerandbasketballplayerdeservehighsalariestobepaid? Agreeordisagree:tosolvetheproblemofpresentandfuture,itisnecessarytounderstandthe Doyouagreeordisagree?Forsuccessfuldevelopmentofacountry,shouldagovernmentfocusitsbudgetmoreonveryyoungchildren(5to10yearsold)educationratherthanonDoyouagreeordisagree?Themostimportantcharacteristicofapoliticalorbusinessleaderistheabilitytoberesponsibleformistakes… Doyouagreeordisagree?Moviesandtelevisionsshouldalwaysshowaudiencesthatthegoodpeoplearebeingrewardedandbadpeoplearebeingpunished Doyouagreeordisagree?Itisbettertoworkwithyourowncomputerandtelephoneathomethanworkinyourcompany's Childrenshouldonlyplaysportsforfun,orplaysportsincompetitionorDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Ajobwithmorevacationtimeisbetterthanajobwithhighsalarybutlessvacationtime. Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Allhigh-schoolstudentsshouldtakebasiceconomiccourses… Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?ItisbettertochooseauniversitywhosegraduateshavegoodjobopportunitiesthanauniversitywhohasfamousDoyouagree/disagreethatthemostimportantproblemsaffectingoursocietytodaycouldbesolvedduringyourlifetime? Universitystudentsshouldnotberequiredtoattendclasses.Instead,theyshouldbeablereceivecreditsthroughafinaltestor 西方取經(jīng)整合寫作（8西方取經(jīng)整合寫作（8題1.Roanoke【網(wǎng)絡(luò)版】閱讀第一個settledown到美國的英國colonyof忘了名字消失了（幫你找出來請看原文一個什么島，名字也忘了（幫你找出來請看原文)，。1colonyleader姓名幫你找出來請看原文)，離開后回來發(fā)現(xiàn)人都走了，在外面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個signthatisthewordof"那個島的名字"，leader走之前和其他人約定好，如過離開，留下記號幫你找出來請看原文)，告訴去哪了。2在島上發(fā)先一artcrafts,其中有一個ringtracebacktocolony。證據(jù)3:島上的人金發(fā)碧眼，說英語，是因為他們和那個colony的人婚聽力：反對。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)走之前和其他人說要搬家就搬到內(nèi)地，糧食多,可是那個島是coast(2)ringownedbyamanhewasnotoneofthesettlersinthecolonyandhereturen(return才對喔backtoEnglishlater,thatringmustbetradedtotheisland。(3)thereareseveralcoloniesfromEnglandinlateUS,島上金發(fā)碧眼，通婚的。colony的人1.綜合寫作【整理版Croatan,alsoCroatoan,formerislandoffthecoastofNorthCarolina,southofRoanokeIsland.TheislandexistedattheofthefirstEnglishattemptatcolonizationabout1585.IthassincebeenobliteratedbytheshiftingofthesandsandisnowprobablyapartofeitherHatterasIslandorOcracokeIsland.字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托福考前點題CroatanIslandwasthoughtbysometohavebeenpartofthemysteryCroatanIslandwasthoughtbysometohavebeenpartofthemysteryofthedisappearanceofsettlersfromRoanokeIsland.TwoattemptsatcolonizationonRoanokeIslandwereundertakenatthedirectionoftheEnglishexplorerSirWalterRaleigh.Thesecondwasin1587undertheleadershipofJohnWhite,whoreturnedtoEnglandforsuppliessoonafterthecolonywasestablished.WarwithSpainintervened,andwhenWhitefinallyreturnedin1590，thecolonistshaddisappeared.TheonlytracesofthecolonywerethelettersCROcarvedintoatreeandthewordCroatoanfoundonapost.TheultimatefateofthesettlersisamysteryandhaskindledinterestsoffurtherImaginereturningtothelocationofwhathadpreviouslybeenaburgeoningcolonyofover100settlersonlytofindvillageabandonedwithnotraceoftheoccupants.ThisiswhathappenedtoJohnWhiteatRoanokeIsland.ThecircumstancessurroundingthedisappearanceoftheRoanokeColonyareoneofthebiggestmysteriesinAmericanhistory.August271587，Whitesetsail.Heleftbehindnotjustagroupofcolonistshehadorganized,butalsohisdaughterandnewlyborngrandchild.(遭到毒手）Heexpectedtoreturnthefollowingspring.Thatwouldproveimpossible.WhenWhitefinallylandedonRoanokeIsland,therewasnobodythere.TheonlyevidenceastowherethegroupmighthavegonewerethelettersnC-R-0"carvedintoonetreeand"Croatoan"inscribedonanothertree.BeforeheleftforEngland,WhiteandthesettlershaddiscussedthepossibilitythatcircumstancesmightforcerelocationnorthtowardtheChesapeakeBayareatheyhadoriginallyintendedtocolonize.Iftheyweregoingtodothis,theplanwastocarvetheirdestinationintoatree.Iftheywereforcedtomovebecausetheywereinsomekindofdanger,acrosswastobecarvedintothesametree.Sincetherewasnocrosstobefoundoneitherofthetreeswithwritingonit,Whitewaslefttoassumethatthemovewas2.CertainartcraftswerediscoveredintheCroatanIsland,suchasaringthatisparticularbelongingtoEngland.Thisisapowerfultracethatthefirstsettlerswenttotheisland.3.AnothertheorysuggeststheytookrefugewithfriendlyNativeAmericansonCroatanIslandandeventuallybecame19thCentury,thisevidencewasspeciallyprovedwhenalargegroupofmixed-bloodNativeAmericansofRobesonCountysoutheasternNorthCarolinaclaimedthattheyweredescendantsofthevanishedcolonistsandtheCroatan字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托福考前點題Theexistingfoodsupplieswerenotenoughtomakethecolonyasuccess.Sotheearliersettlershadtorelocatetofindfoodtosustaintheirlives.Yet,Theexistingfoodsupplieswerenotenoughtomakethecolonyasuccess.Sotheearliersettlershadtorelocatetofindfoodtosustaintheirlives.Yet,beforeWhitehadleft,settlersmadeanagreementthatiftheywereforcedtomove,theyneededtogoinlands,ratherthancrossingtheseatotheisland,whichisacoastterrain.Besides,CroatoanIslandwassouthofRoanokewithextremelystrongwinds,whichmadeittoodangerousforshipstostayanchoredclosetoshore.Theevidenceunveiledintheislandisaring,whichundoubtedlybelongedtoEnglish.However,theowneroftheringwasnotoneofthesettlersinthisgroup.Soitallboileddowntothis—theringmustbetradedtothisisland.People,noworinthepast,weretravellingaroundforsurvivalreasonsorjustabetterlife.TherearemanyotherformEnglandlocatedintheUSaftertheRoanokeColony.SothepeoplewithBritishlook,suchaspaleyelloworgoldenhaircouldbeanyotherdescendantsofthoselatersettlersfromEngland.Shouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartprojectsor【網(wǎng)絡(luò)版】政府該不該出錢支持藝術(shù)項目、組織？閱讀：不應(yīng)公民的娛樂已經(jīng)超出了政府的管轄范圍。而且有很多其他的東西需要政府的支持政府支持會產(chǎn)生 censorship,因為他們可以選擇那些支持政府的作品藝術(shù)已經(jīng)經(jīng)很發(fā)達了，不需要支持。像電影什么的公民娛樂政府當(dāng)然有責(zé)任。因為藝術(shù)與國家公園一樣，都是recreaton并且會給人帶來快樂。既然沒人反對政府支持國家公園，為什么政府就不能支持藝術(shù)？政府支持不一定就會有censorship~S為有些機構(gòu)是political-independent的，他們才不關(guān)心什么作品里的政治因素，他們就關(guān)心作品質(zhì)量，還專門情普通專家來評判。如果大眾所面對的都是那些商業(yè)化后的藝術(shù)就完蛋了。藝術(shù)當(dāng)然需要政府支持，有些項目比如字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托?？记包c題ShouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartShouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartprojectsororganization?Reading:AgainstthisideasGovernmentissetupforthebettermentofitspeopleArtofcourseincludesHowevertherearemorematters(會有細節(jié)）thatneedourgovernment'sattention.Besides,artismorepronetothesideof“recreation”or“amusement,”whichisexceedingtheproperrangethatourgovernmentshouldtakeresponsibilityof.Ifgovernmentsupportsart,censorshipwilloccur.Inotherwords,thenatureofgovernmentfundingmeansthatthesystemwillchoosewhichgoodart1tofund,andthedevelopmentofartwillbelimited.舉的細節(jié)是何種art依老美的邏輯一定會給例子Artistwillbehaveandtoavoidbeingtooradicalforfearoffacingcutsto3.Asiswellknown,arthasbeenwidelysupportedbythecitizens,fansorparticulargroups.Toputitdifferently,itbeenaided”inmanyformsbythepublicsuchasmoviesconcertsetc.(細節(jié)Listening:Fortheideaoffinancialaidfromthe1.Aswhatthereadingsays,thesetupofthegovernmentisforthebettermentofitscitizens.Thisofcourseincludesart,whichisgreatrecreation,justlikeNationalparks.Nationalparkshavebecomeoneoftheindispensablerecreationalactivitiesinourmodernsociety.NoobjectionsforthegovernmentsupportingNationalparksandthisconceptshouldalsoapplytoart-governmentshouldfundart.2.Therearesomeorganizationswhicharepolitical-independent.Onlythequalityofartwillbeviewedandchecked.Thissocalled“censorship”isdonebyprofessionalartistsandexperts.Onlyqualityofartwillbeemphasized,notregardingthe“good”artfavoredonlybythe3.Itisarealitythatartneedsfundtodevelop;ifthegovernmentdoesnotassist,thoseartpeopleororganizationswillthenturntoprivateorganizations.ThoseprivatefirmsorcompanieswillofcoursenotdoitforsimplysupportingThereisnofreelunch.Theymustgetsomethinginreturninordertogivetheirhardearnmoneyout.Whatwillhappenafterthis?Theartwillbecomecommercialized.Itisdoomedforthedevelopmentofart.Inaddition,certainartisofimportance,suchasartforchildren.Ifthisiscontrolledbytheprivatefirms,theresultis3.Gulf【網(wǎng)絡(luò)版】一種叫g(shù)ulfsturgeon的魚經(jīng)常高躍出水面jumpoutofwater閱讀中給了三種原它在跳起來吃昆蟲_feedingtoeatinsectsintheair它是擺脫寄生蟲removeparasites字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托福考前點題toattacktheboatsand聽力中教授對文章中的三個觀點一一反駁夏天這種魚不吃東西(獨家背景知識：這種魚是夏天產(chǎn)卵），即使冬天它們吃東西也是吃河床附近的toattacktheboatsand聽力中教授對文章中的三個觀點一一反駁夏天這種魚不吃東西(獨家背景知識：這種魚是夏天產(chǎn)卵），即使冬天它們吃東西也是吃河床附近的 西野生的魚體表沒有寄生蟲，危險的體內(nèi)internal的寄生蟲，這些不能靠物理方法去除’魚塘里養(yǎng)的魚體表寄生蟲，但是它們卻不會躍出水游船受到?jīng)_撞只是偶然現(xiàn)象，沒有船魚也會跳出GulfsturgeonslivefromtheSuwaneeRiveronthewesterncoastofFloridatotheMississippiRiver,andmarinewatersofthecentralandeasternportionsoftheGulfofMexico.AllspeciesofsturgeonwilljumpintheriversduringJulyAugustandearlyintheoffshorefeedingperiod.ItisconjecturedthattheyjumpoutofwaterforthreeTheydosuchjumpingforfeedingreasons;forexample,theytrytoeatinsectsintheair.Theyjumptoremoveparasitesinthemwiththeforcesuchjumpingmovecreates.Theyjumpwhentheyarescaredbytheboatssailingfastontheriver.Whentheyarefrightened,theywouldtheboatsandtouristsbysuchDuringthesummertime,JulyandAugust,GulfSturgeonsdonotfeedonfood.Why?Inearlysummertheymigratefromtheseaintoriversortowardtheshoresoffreshwaterlakesforbreedingpurposes,duringwhichtheydonoteatanything.Inthewintertime,theyonlyeatfoodaroundtheriverbottom;sothereisnowayforthemtojumpoutofwaterforForwildfish,theyarelivingintheopenwateroutside.Theythereforedonothaveparasitesintheirbodysurface.AllthecreatureshaveparasitestosomeextentandGulfSturgeonsdohaveparasites,buttheycannotbegottenridofwithsuchmethods-jumpingoutofwater,fortheparasitesareinternalinthebody.Somedomesticatedgulfsturgeonkept,byhumans,inthepondhaveparasitesinthebodysurface,theydonotjumpoutofwaterforgettingridofparasites.So,thismeansevenifgulfsturgeonhadparasitesonthebodysurface,theydonotjumpoutofwaterforsuchneed.Sinceatleast2002,boatersontheSuwanneeRiverhaveaccidentallyrunintojumpingsturgeoneveryleadingtoseriousinjuries.However,thisisonlyaccidentaloccasions.Theydojumpoutofwatereventhoughtherearenoboatsortouristsaround.SampleBoththereadingandthelectureholddifferentpositions,respectively,ontheissueofjumpingfishinFloridathatisabletojumpoutofthesurfaceforfood.字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托?？记包c題First,thespeakerpointsoutFirst,thespeakerpointsoutthatthefishdonoteatinsectsthatarelocatedintheair.Thespeakeralsonotesthatthefishdonoteatduringtheirbreedingpurposeinthesummer.Eveninthewintertime,thefishonlyeatunderwaterfoodorfoodneartheriverbottom.Thisassertioninthelecturecontradictsinthereadingthatthefishjumptocatchpreysbyflyingabovethewater'sSecond,thelecturerclaimsthatfishdonotjumptogetridofparasites.Accordingtothelecturer,evenfarmingsturgeondoesnotjumpinthepond.So,thereisnoreasonforgulfsturgeonlivinginthewildtojumpintheirarea.Inaddition,thewild-livingsturgeonfishhasnoparasitesonthebodysurface,sotheydonotjumpforsuchreason.Theydohaveparasitesexistinginthebody,butitisinsidethebodyandjumpingwillnothelpatalltogetridofthem.Thelecturer'sargumentchallengesinthereadingthatthereasonwhyfishjumpistodislodgeFinally,theprofessorfromthelisteningcontentconcludesthatthehappeningoflargefishcollidewithboatsisjustanaccident.Theprofessoralsoclaimsthatthefishjumpanywaywithvisitorsorwithboats.Theprofessor'sclaimcontrastsinthereadingwhicharguesthatjumpingisaresponsetoinvadersthatcomestothefish'sterritory.4.ThefirstsettlersofEaster【網(wǎng)絡(luò)版】復(fù)活節(jié)島EasterIsland閱讀觀點是復(fù)活節(jié)島的原始居民是從南美洲來的理由1南美人民可能不遠萬里乘風(fēng)破浪駕駛堅不可摧的rafts而來理由2復(fù)活節(jié)島上的一個stonewall用的高科技手段跟南美一wall很神似理 3復(fù)活節(jié)島上的一些植物在南美有很多實際作用說明他們可能是南美人民帶到島上[聽力觀點是傳說中的復(fù)活節(jié)島的首批居民是南美人根本就是瞎扯蛋理由1沒任何證據(jù)證明南美人民曾駕著小船到達島上因島上啥rt比如鋼碗瓢盆之類的東西都找不著理由2島上那wall跟南美那wall根本就是兩碼事因為島上那wall瞅著挺玄乎實際里面是本來是空用其他比較輕的石頭填進去的所以根本不需要南美wall那么高端的技術(shù)理由3島上的貌似南美plant們很有可能是自己漂洋過海來到這片新土地的而不是靠人弄過來FaroutintheSouthPacificOcean,about2,350miles(3,780kilometers)westofChile,liesEasterIsland,oneoftheloneliestislandsintheworld.It?snearestinhabitedneighborisPitcairnIsland,1,300miles(2,100kilometers)away.TheinhabitantsofEasterIsland,ofmostlyPolynesiandescent,aresurvivorsofapeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersinstoneandwoodandhadaformofwritingdifferentfromanyother字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托?？记包c題8Hundredsofyearsago,aHundredsofyearsago,asmallgroupofPolynesiansrowedtheirwoodenoutriggercanoesacrossvaststretchesofopensea,navigatingbytheeveningstarsandtheday'soceanswells.Whenandwhythesepeoplelefttheirnativelandremainsamystery.Butwhatisclearisthattheymadeasmall,uninhabitedislandwithrollinghillsandalushcarpetofpalmtreestheirnewhome,eventuallynamingtheir63squaremilesofparadiseRapaNui—nowpopularlyknownasEasterThereareculturalsimilaritiesexistbetweenEasterIslandandSouthAmericanIndianculturesandinfactthefirstsettlinginEasterislandisfromSouthNearly2,300mileswestofSouthAmericaand1,100milesfromthenearestisland,thenewcomers,possiblyfromAmericadriftedtothisislandbyraft,orbalsaraft,theKon-Tiki.EvidenceshowsthatthisissolidenoughtosailsuchvoyagefromsouthAmericatothosepacificislands，EasterIslandincludedThenewcomerstothisislandchiseledawayatvolcanicstone,carvingmoai,monolithicstatuesbuilttohonortheirancestors.SomeofthestonewallsarealsobuiltforthispurposeandthetechniquesusedaresimilartothoseusedintheSouthAmerica.SotheremustbeavitallinkbetweenthesetwoSomeoftheplants(同學(xué)可以在閱讀段上讀到）intheEasterislandsharethesamegeneticrootswiththosediscoveredintheSouthAmericainwhichlocalpeoplefarmedandcultivated.MostoffieldsinEasterIslandwerethicklypackedwithbothlargeandsmalllumpsofcellularandtuffaceouslavathatwaseitherblackorrustyincolor.isnotsuitabletosuchplanttogrowtobeendemicplanttothis字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托?？记包c題9Variousinterpretationsofthisstory—howthefirstsettlers-cameVariousinterpretationsofthisstory—howthefirstsettlers-cametoEasterIslandhavebeenmade.BynowayscanthefirstcomertothisislandfromtheSouthAmerica.Thereisnoevidencethatraftsorcanonscouldcomelandinginthisislandafarbyfloatingacrosstheocean.Evenifitdid,therewerenoartifactsleft,suchascookingutensils,toolsbroughtwiththemfordailylifeinsuchharshlivingThetechniquesusedinbothplaces—aredifferent.ThestonewallsinEasterIslandareloosethatislandersfilledtheslitoropeningwithlighterstone-likematerials.AsforthewallinSouthAmerica,theyareirregularlyshaped,fittogetherwiththeutmostprecision,andsmallholesorchinksarefilledwithperfectlyfittedstones.NothinglikethemhasbeenfoundoninthisAsfortheplantsharingthesamegeneticrootsoftheSouthAmerica,itcanbefloateditselftothisisland.Thiskindofplantsisalsofoundinotherislandnearby.5.【網(wǎng)絡(luò)版】關(guān)于長頸恐龍(Sauropods)的脖子一般是豎直的還是橫的閱讀：恐龍的脖子一般是橫著horizontal的，因為骨骼化石連接起來是橫著的必須高血壓才能把血液供到大腦和循環(huán)抬著脖子夠樹葉太高了，消耗能量聽lecturer說不夠convincing因為脖子除了骨骼，還有肌肉和另一個什么東西（給了單詞）有一個另外一個動物同樣情況，但發(fā)展了一個強勁的心臟下面樹葉還有其他的類型的恐龍競爭，他們吃不到，只好努力抬頭吃，吃了還能補充能量字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托?？记包c題字神點題班版本TheSauropod字神點題班版本TheSauropodwasoneofthetallestandlargestdinosaursyetfound.Ithadalongneck,smallhead,andrelativelyshort,thicktail.Severalanatomicalfeaturesenabledthisbigcreaturetosurviveandthrive-theextremeelongatedneckespecially.Inordertomovefreelywithsuchlarge_sizedbody,itsneckbonesarearrangedhorizontally,orbeam-like,forthreeAccordingtotheexcavationofthefossils,thecervicalvertebrae，orneckbonesarestructuredhorizontallyforsupportingtheheavyweighttomovefreely.TheSauropodneededtohavelarge,powerfulheartsandveryhighbloodpressureinordertopumpbloodupthelongnecktotheheadandbrain,whichisapproximately15timesthesizeoftheheartsofwhalesofsimilarsize.TheheadsandbrainsoftheSauropodwereheldhighaboveitsheart.Thispresentsaprobleminblood-flowengineering,soahorizontalpositionedneckboneswereamust.Withthelong-neckanatomicalstructure,itwouldtakeuptoomanycaloriestoconsumeleavesorconesfortheuppersectionofconifers.Thisbehaviorwouldtakeuproughlyhalfofitsenergyintake.Inaddition,theneckoftheSauropodwasreallyimmobile.Soithastobehorizontalforthemtomovetothelowerpositionofthetreeforfood,beingnotalwayshastoreachfoodintheuppersectionofthetree.TheprofessordisagreeswithsuchclaimthattheneckisheldverticallyoruprightforseveralAsidefromneckbonesinthestructure,theneckintheanatomyalsohasmusclestosustaintheheavyweight,soamembranousstructurecalled,valves,aholloworganorpassageinanarterythathelppreventtheback-flowofblood.Inaddition,pneumaticity，cavitiesfilledwithairinthebone,wasdevelopedforthelongneckandthisfacilitatedtheuseofairtopumpuptheblood.Italsomeanstheneckwouldnotbeasheavyasmostpeoplethinkbecauseithasmuchairinit,soitcanbeverticallypositionedintheAnothercasecanshowthattheneckbonestructureisaverticaldevice.Ostrich,alarge,swift-runningflightlessbird,canbecitedasanexample.Ithasalongbareneckandasmallheadaswell.Inordertousetheneckinitsfullestforsurvive.Thefunctionofhearthassomuchimprovedandevolvedthatithelpsupbloodtransmittedtotheneck,aswellastheheadtosustaintheheavyweight.Ittookmuchenergytousetheheavyneckforfoodintheuppersectionofthetreebycalculation.However,theywerenaturallybuiltforreachingforleavesgrowingintheuppersectioninthefoodchain.Thelowersectionofthetree,thebushandvegetationforexample,weretoocompetitive.Not,afterall,allthecreatureswereaslargeastheSauropod,whichwasconsumingtheotherpartsofthefoodinevolution.Besides,theycouldconsumegreatenergyby字神帝國英語學(xué)院一新托?？记包c題abundanceoffoodsourceabundanceoffoodsourcethatnomanyothercreaturescoulddepriveSampleThelisteningcontentsaystheSauropodneckbonestructureispositionedinaverticalarrangement,whichiscontrarythereadingthatsaysitishorizontallyarrangedforbeingabletosupportitwithoutFirstly,thespeakermentionsthevalvesandthepneumaticstructureintheneck,whichmeansvalvescanbesuretobloodslidingbacktotheheartandthereareairsacsthatmaketheneckbonesnotasheavyaswethink,sothosearereasonstosupporttheheavyneck;however,thereadingsaysthefossilbeingre-constructedisarrangedhorizontally.Secondly,accordingtothelecturer,thefunctionofheartisevolvedforelongatedneck.Thatistoosay,withstrongheartfunction,itwasabletopumpupthebloodwithhigherenergytotheneckaswellasthehead,justlikeostrichmentionedinthelistening.Thelongneckstructurewillnotcauseproblems.ThislikewiserefutestheauthorinthatthebloodtransmissiontheheadandtheneckisThirdly,thelisteningcontentindicatesthatthestructureofthelongneckisnaturallydesigned,anditmeansthatinthefoodchain,variouscreaturesareresponsiblefordifferentpartofthe,say,tree.Inaddition,thelowersectionofthetreeisthefoodsourceofavarietyofcreatureswhichistoocompetitive.Nevertheless,thereadingsaysittakestoomuchenergytoreachfoodinthehigherpositionofthetree.Insummary,thespeakerthinksthattheanatomyintheSauropod?sneckshouldbebuiltverticallyanditholdsadifferentstandfromwhatthereadingThesauropodsincludethelargestdinosaursofall.ThroughouttheJurassicandCretaceousperiodsthesauropodsinhabitedallcontinentsandevolvedintodozensofdifferentspecies.IntheJurassic,theywerethedominantherbivoresonEarth,butbythelateCretaceoustheyhadbeenreplacedforthemostpartbyarmored,horned,andduck-billeddinosaurs.Scientistshaveidentifiedmanydifferentsubgroupsofthesauropods,buttheclassificationoftheseanimalscontinuestochange.Allmemberswerequadrupedsandhadelephant-likebodies,longnecks,longtails,andsmallheads.Some,suchasDiplodocus,werelongandslender.Others,suchasBrachiosaurus,wereheavilybuilt,withlongfrontlegsandaneckthatcraneduplikeagiraffe's.Some,likeTitanosaurus,possessedarmorplatesintheirskin,andtheChinesesauropodShunosaurushadabonyclubontheendofitstail.ThelargestanimalsthateverroamedtheEarthweretheherbivorous,orplant-eating,Sauropod,asubcategoryoftheorderSaurischia(lizard-hippeddinosaurs).Asagroup,theSauropodwasremarkablylong-lived.TheirremainshavebeenfoundinfossilbedsdatingfromthelateTriassicthroughtheearlyCretaceousperiods—atimespanofmorethan100millionyears.AllspeciesofSauropodsharedsimilarphysicalcharacteristics,includingasmallskullandanextremelylong,flexibleneck.Unlikemostmodernanimals,thenostrilsofSauropodwerelocatedhighupontheheadneartheeyesratherthantowardtheendofthesnout.AllSauropodhadaverylong,musculartail,amassivebody,andfoursturdy,columnarlegsthatendedinelephant-likefeet.TheSauropodwerequadrupeds,meaningthattheytraveledonallfourlegs.Theirspinewashollowedatthesides,providingstructuralstrengthwhileremainingrelativelylightweight.Sauropodshadahugehipgirdlethatwasfusedtothespinebyfourorfivesacralvertebrae.Thisprovidedsupporttoboththebodyandtail.Paleontologistsoncebelievedthattheatthesides,providingstructuralstrengthwhileremainingrelativelylightweight.Sauropodshadahugehipgirdlethatwasfusedtothespinebyfourorfivesacralvertebrae.Thisprovidedsupporttoboththebodyandtail.Paleontologistsoncebelievedthatthelargestsauropods,suchasBrachiosaurusandApatosaurus,livedinswampsorotherlargebodiesofwaterinordertosupporttheirimmenseweight.Laterstudiesconcluded,however,thatsauropodswerestrictlylandanimals.Itbecameapparenttoscientiststhatthegreatpressureatdepthsneededtocompletelysubmergethedinosaurs,massivebodieswouldhavecrushedtheirlungs,leadingtosuffocation.Fossilfindingsalsoconfirmthatthemassive,pillar-likelegsandskeletalconstructionwereabletosupportthegiantsauropodsonland.Becauseoftheirsize,mostsauropodsmostlikelyhadadistinctfeedingadvantageoverotherland-dwellingdinosaurs—theirextremelylongnecksenabledthemtobrowseamongthetopsofthetallesttrees.Unlikemostherbivores,whichgenerallyhaveextremelystrongteeththathelptogrindthetoughcelluloseandlignininplants,theteethofmostsauropodswererelativelyweak.Fossilevidencehasrevealed,however,thatthesauropodshadastrategythatenabledthemtoovercomethisdeficiency—theyswallowedsmallstones,whichhelpedthemgrinduptheplantmatterintheir6.National閱讀：反對nationalpark將墊收門票。理由有三點：Nationalparksareownedbythewholepeople,itisunfairtochargethefeetotheAfeemaydiscouragethepeopletogotheBychargingthefee,theemployeeintheparksmayhavetodoimmenseworkandneglecttheirrealworks(tellthevisitorsabouttheparks 聽力中作者支持收費，同時反對上面Althoughtheparksareownedbyeveryone,itisnotusedbyeveryone.Somepeoplemaynevergotosuchparks.Itisunfairforthemtoalsopayforthatintheformoftax.peoplemaychargelowerfeetolessfamousparkswhileahigherfeeforthefamousones.Inthisway,itcanencouragethepeopletovisitlessfamousparks.Bychargingfees,thestaffsintheparkcanhaveaclosercontacttothevisitorsandthiscanhelpimprovetheservicequality.Asstaffscanknowhowmanypeopleareinthepark,itisfavorabletothesafetylevel.字神獨家回原版字神獨家回原版Anationalparkreferstonaturalorsemi-naturallandthatissetasidefortherecreationaluseandenjoymentofpeopleandforenvironmentalprotectionbythegovernment.Notall,butmostnationalparkscollectadmissionfees.ThisdisturbssomepeoplewhobelievethatchargingvisitorsisFirst,theymaythinkthatitisunfairthatcertainnationalparkschargeadmissionfees.Thiscomesfromthefactthatthenationalparksareownedbythegovernmentwhichcollectstaxesfromcitizens.Suchtaxesincludemaintenancefeeforthepublicownedparksandnationalparksareofcourseincluded.Withthesupportofthegovernment,nationalparksshouldoperateatnocost.Therefore,chargingentrancefeeswhilereceivingfinancialsupportfromthegovernmentseemslikedouble-Second,nationalparksarecreatednotonlyforenvironmentalprotectionbutmainlyforpeople'senjoyment.Thus,theparks?operationslargelydependonthenumberofpeoplevisitingtheparks.Demandingtheadmissionfeesdiscouragesvisitorsfromgoingsincetheyhavetheoptiontovisitotherparksthatdon?tchargethem.Inorderforthenationalparkstoattractmorepeopletovisit,theyshouldeliminatetheThird,chargingadmissionfeeswilllowerthequalityoftheservice.Thismayseemcontradictorysincemoremoneyprovidesbetterservices.Withchargingthefee,parkpeoplewillhavetodealmorewiththesalesofadmissionlestsomeonesneaksintheparkswithoutpaymentortotakecareofbusinessaboutthetickets.Thishoweverisnotwhatthemajorresponsibilityoftheparkpeople.Instead,theyshouldtellvisitorsmoreabouttheparkregardingtheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment,thesafetyofthevisitorswhenparticipatinginthisnaturalplace.ThosethingsshouldthemajorjobsofthepeopleservingintheNationalparksandshouldfocuson.Thus,chargingfeesfromvisitorswilldistractthemfromfulfillingThereadingpassagemakesitlooklikenationalparksaretakingadvantageofpeoplebydemandingentrancefees,right?Buteachofthestatementsmadeinthereadingpassagecanberefuted.Admissionfeesareonlytheretobenefitthevisitors,nottheparksFirstoff,let，stalkabouttheunfairnessofcollectingentrancefees.Thenationalparksreceivefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.However,bycollectingadmissionfees,parksneedlessgovernmentalfundingwhichmeansthetaxesthatpeoplenationalparksseemmoreunfair?So,ifpeoplehavetopayforthemaintenanceofthenationalparkseitherway,chargingpeoplewhoactuallyvisittheparksismorelogicalandInaddition,chargingthevisitorsdoesnotdiscouragethemfromvisiting.Infact,lessfamousnationalparkswillbenefitfromthedifferencesinthechargesamongthenationalparks.ChargingadmissionfeeswillhelpNationalparkstoattractmorevisitors.Peoplemaychargelowerfeetolessfamousparkswhileahigherfeeforthefamousones,suchasYellowstoneParkorThegreatcanyon.Inthisway,itcanencouragethepeopletovisitlessfamousparkssincevisitorsprefertopaylessfortouringtherecentlyincreasedasmanynationalparkshavetriedtoenhancetheirquality.Visitorscanenjoytheuniqueopportunitiestheparks,suchastheparks,suchaswildlifesightings,iftheparkshavemoremoneytouseforimprovingtheirservice.