UNIT4ScientistswhochangedtheworldVerb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsTounderstandthemeaningofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;Tosummarizethegrammaticalrulesofverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplements;Touseverb-edforms,verb-ingformsandto-infinitivestoorganizeaparagraphbasedonthenotesgiven.Henryisreadingasciencemagazinearticleaboutaworld-changingdiscoverymadebyaccident.Readandfillinthefollowingtable.TuYouyouAlexanderFlemingNationalityDiscoveryTimeofdiscoveryUseofdiscoveryEffectofdiscoveryPrizeChineseScottishQinghaosuPenicillin19721928TreatmalariaTreatwounds/killbacteriaBenefitedmillionsofpatientsSavedmillionsoflifeNobelPrize,2015NobelPrize,1945Findtheverb-edformsinthearticleandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Weshouldknowthedifferencebetweenverb-edandthepastforminthepasttense.Verb-edformasanattributivesomethingproducedbythemouldVerb-edformasanadverbialVerb-edformasanobjectcomplementSurprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.getitsmassproductionstartedthepreparedmind謂語非謂語謂語非謂語謂語非謂語Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.Whatcanyoufindoutfromtheexamplesentences?謂語非謂語作定語修飾something,something與produced之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系Surprisedbythis,Flemingperformedsometests.謂語非謂語過去分詞做狀語，描述主語狀態(tài)...hishardworkanddeterminationhelpedgetitsmassproductionstarted.謂語非謂語help(to)do...賓語與賓補(bǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系作定語修飾mind,mind與prepared之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.謂語非謂語Averb-edformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga(n)_____________(active/passive)meaning.Averb-edformcanappearbeforeorafteranounorpronoun.Itmodifiesthenounorpronounlikea(n)_____________(relativeclause/adverbialclause).Averb-edformcanbeusedasanadverbialoranobjectcomplement.passiverelativeclause1.作定語（1）單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed

形式作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面除外，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.注意：①

有些過去分詞表示特定含義時(shí)，單獨(dú)作定語也放在所修飾的名詞之后。

②如果被修飾詞是由some/any/no+thing/body/one構(gòu)成的不定代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí)，也放在被修飾詞之后。Thereisnofoodleftonthetable.Isthereanythingunsolved?補(bǔ)充：有時(shí)修飾與人有關(guān)的表情、眼神、聲音等Shehadascaredlookonherface.thecolorTVset

producedlastyear

=thecolorTVset

thatwasproducedlastyear

aletter

writtentomebymydaughter

=aletter

thatwaswrittentomebymydaughter一封我女兒寫給我的信去年生產(chǎn)的彩色電視機(jī)

（2）動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作定語通常放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasacceptedbythemanager.Thehouses,builtlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.=Thehouses,whichwerebuiltlastyear,weredestroyedbytheearthquakeyesterday.去年建的這些房子，昨天被地震摧毀了。

Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.

他們當(dāng)中有一些人，生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。（3）動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作定語也可以作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasagreatsuccess.1.Therewasan________(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.2.It’swrongforthe___________(develop)countriestocontroltheworld.3.Ihavecollectedallthemoney_________(need).4.Thisistheproblem___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.5.The___________(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.6.Mostofthepeople__________(invite)tothepartyarefamousscientists.7.TheEMS__________(post)yesterdaywillreachmybrotherinthreedays.8.Therehasbeennothing___________(change)heresinceIleftthiscity.9.Sheisa___________(respect)teacher.

excited

developed

needed

discussed

surprisedinvitedposted

changed

respectedPractice2.作狀語（1）動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。（2）動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語時(shí)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、伴隨情況等。e.g.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.（時(shí)間）Thechildren,exhausted(疲憊的)bythejourney,fellasleepatonce.（原因）Theteacupfelldowntotheground,broken.（結(jié)果）Consideredfromthispointofview,thequestionunderdiscussionisofgreatimportance.（條件）Bornofthesameparents,hebearsnosimilaritytohisbrother.（讓步）Theyoungmancameintotheroom,followedbyhisfriends.（伴隨）c.動(dòng)詞-ed形式（短語）作狀語時(shí)，前面可以加一個(gè)連

詞，使動(dòng)詞-ed形式（短語）所表示的時(shí)間、讓步、條件

等關(guān)系更清楚。這類連詞包括although,if,once,though,when,while,whenever,unless,asif,eventhough等。e.g.Whencombinedwithpractice,theorybecomeseasiertolearn.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.

Unlessheated,abodywillhavenotendencytoexpand.3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其邏輯主語是句子的賓語，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，常見的動(dòng)詞-ed形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有兩類：（1）使役動(dòng)詞

make,get,have,keep,leave

等.

I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Don’tleavethosethingsundone.注意：①動(dòng)詞-ed形式所表示的動(dòng)作由他人實(shí)施。

②動(dòng)詞-ed形式所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語實(shí)施。Hehadhismoneystolenwhengoingshopping.Helikestohavehisarmscrossedwhentalkingwithothers.表示感觀、感覺和發(fā)覺的動(dòng)詞。如：watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。①Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.②

Hefoundhishousebrokenintowhenhegotbackhome.當(dāng)我們到學(xué)校時(shí)，我們看見門鎖著?；氐郊宜l(fā)現(xiàn)家被盜。在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中也可用動(dòng)詞-ed作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。①

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.②

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.③

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.

兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件)事情得到解決，我們都回家了。(表原因)1.Watchingthe__________(finishing/finished)painting,Alicecouldn'thelpsmiling.2.Mostoftheartists__________(inviting/invited)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3.DoyoustillremembertheOlympicGames________(held/holding)

inBeijingin2008?4.The__________(surprising/surprised)lookonherfacesuggestedthatshehadn'tknownthenewsbefore.5.Therearemany________(fallen/falling)leavesonthestreet.finishedinvitedheldsurprisedfallen6.____________(frighten)bythenoiseoutside,Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.7.___________(compare)withoursmallflat,Bill'shouseseemedlikeapalace.8.______(face)withsuchadifficulttask,wemustredoubleourefforts.9.__________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.10.Theladyreturnedhome,_________(follow)bythefamousdetectiveHolmes.FrightenedComparedFacedfollowedOrdered11.Mycomputerbrokedownthismorning,andIwillgetit_________(repair)assoonaspossible.12.Wesawthehouse________(burn)tothegroundwhenwegotthere.13.Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundthewindow_________(break).14.Shewon'thaveherlongandbeautifulhair_____(cut)short.15.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself_______(hear).repairedburnedbrokencutheard【拓展】4.表語動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語時(shí)通常用來表示主語的感受或所處的狀態(tài)。e.g.Hewasveryexcitedwhenheheardthenews.AfteratimeIgrewdissatisfiedwiththework.Usetheverb-edformsinthefollowingsentencestofillinthetablebelow.Verb-edformsasattributivesVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplementsTuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.Verb-edformsasattributivesVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplements1,234.Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.5.Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem.Verb-edformsasattributivesVerb-edformsasadverbialsVerb-edformsasobjectcomplements45Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-edformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.1Thescientistwhohasbeenhighlypraisedwonanaward.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2Theexperimentthatismentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.4Thescientistfoundthattheequipmentinthelaboratoryhadbeendestroyed.5Oncethisreportisfinished,itwillbeveryusefulforfuture

research.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.3Thepatientssoonrecoveredbecausetheyweretreatedwiththenewmedicine.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.1Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.4Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.5Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.Afterbeingrewritten,insentences_______,theverb-edformsareusedasattributives;insentences_______,theverb-edformsareusedasadverbials;insentences_______,theverb-ed

formisusedasanobjectcomplement.1,23,54HenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin'skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.Weshouldanalyzetherelationshipbetweenthelogicsubjectandtheverbtodecidewhetheritispassiveoractive.Sometimes,verb-edcanbeusedasanadjectivemeaning“……的”;verb-ingcanbeusedasanadjectivemeaning“令人……的”.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning___________(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.interestinganobjectcomplement________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon________(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.Thenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.___________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.KnowingtiedConductedanadverbialanattributiveanadverbialFranklinhadhistheory_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,__________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.arguingacceptedWhywasFranklin’sexperimentquestioned?Becausemanypeoplebelievedthatifhehadreallydonetheexperiment,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.anobjectcomplementanadverbial1.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.decorated2.Technologicalinnovations,______goodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.A.combinedwith B.combiningwithC.havingcombinedwithD.tobecombinedwithA1.Heobservedthatthebacteriasurroundingthemouldweredead.surroundv.tobeallaroundsth./sb.

(使)包圍,環(huán)繞;圍繞surround...with…用……包圍……besurroundedby/withsth./sb.被某物/某人所包圍e.g.Talltreessurroundthelake.

Thelakeissurroundedwith/bytrees.【拓展】surroundingadj.(作定語)周圍的;附近的

surroundingsn.(pl.)環(huán)境(同environment)【語境應(yīng)用】用surround的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Lucywassittingonthefloor____________bytoys.2)Wedecidedtoexplorethe_____________countryside.3)Whenhecamebacktolife,hefoundhimself_____________byhischildren.4)It’simportanttoworkinfriendly______________.surroundedsurroundingsurroundedsurroundings5)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.surrounding2.Theresultsindicatedthatsomethingproducedbythemould

hadkilledthebacteria.indicatev.

toshowthatsthistrueorexists表明indicatesth.tosb.向某人指示……indicatethat...指示……；表明……e.g.Researchindicatesthateatinghabitsarechangingfast.【拓展】indicationn.象征;顯示;標(biāo)示

Thereisnoindicationthat...

無跡象表明……

Therearesomeindicationsthat...有跡象表明……

e.g.Thereareclearindicationsthat

theeconomyisimproving.3.Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.(翻譯)

幸運(yùn)眷顧有準(zhǔn)備的人。favourv.totreatsbbetterthanyoutreatotherpeople,especiallyinanunfairway偏袒topreferonesystem,plan,wayofdoingsth,etc.toanother支持，贊同toprovidesuitableconditionsforaparticularperson,group,etc.有利于，有助于e.g.Thecurrenteconomydoesnotfavourthedevelopmentofsmallbusinesses.

Itremainstobeseeniftheshowwillstillfind

favour

witha1990saudience...【拓展】favourn.恩惠;照顧;好意;關(guān)心;支持dosb.afavour

幫某人忙asksb.afavour=askafavourofsb.

請某人幫忙winsb.’sfavour

得到某人的歡心/好感infavourof

贊成;支持inone’sfavour對某人有利beinfavour(withsb.)受(某人的)歡迎【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Couldyou

_______________

andtellKellyIcan’tmakeit?

你幫個(gè)忙告訴Kelly說我來不了好嗎？2)Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrother______________(贊成)it.3)Duncanhadhisheightandweight___________(對他有利)duringthefight.do

me

afavourwasinfavourofinhisfavour4.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwould

charge

thekey.chargev.toaskanamountofmoneyforgoodsoraservice收費(fèi)toaccusesbformallyofacrimesothattherecanbeatrialincourt控訴topasselectricitythroughsthsothatitisstoredthere充電e.g.Therestaurantcharged￡20fordinner.

Severalpeoplewerearrested(逮捕)

butnobodywascharged.Beforeuse,thebatterymustbecharged.【拓展】

chargesb.

for

為……向某人收取費(fèi)用

chargesb.

with(doing)

sth.=accusesb.of

控告某人(做)某事n.

費(fèi)用;主管

takechargeof

掌管；負(fù)責(zé)……

inchargeof

主管，負(fù)責(zé)……

in/underthechargeof

由……負(fù)責(zé)

freeofcharge

免費(fèi)【語境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Yourorderwillbedelivered_____________(免費(fèi))withinaten--milelimit.2)Theychargedmefivedollars______acupofcoffee.3)Theprojectis________________(在……掌管之下)anexperiencedengineer.4)Themanarrestedbythepolice________________(被指控)stealing.waschargedwithfreeofchargeforinthechargeof1做測試2吸引某人的注意力3批量生產(chǎn)4偶然；意外地5遠(yuǎn)非，幾乎相反6使某事被做7幸運(yùn)總是眷顧有準(zhǔn)備的人。performtestsmassproductionfarfromget/havesthdoneFortunefavoursthepreparedmind.Importantwords&phrases(P48)catchtheattentionofsbbyaccident8故事是這樣的。9A被系在B上10給某物充電11保持干爽的12受到致命