Unit4Sharing單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThemeaningoftheword“volunteer”maybealittledifferentindifferentcountries,butitusuallymeans“onewhooffershisorherservices”.Therearemanydifferentwaysinwhichpeoplecanvolunteer,suchastakingcareofsickpeople,workinginhomesforhomelesschildren,andpickingupgarbagefrombeachesandparks.Volunteersmayworkwithintheirowncountriesorinothercountries.Theyareoftenpeoplewithastrongwishtohelpthosewhoarelessfortunatethanthemselves.Volunteersdon'texpectanykindofpay.Attherootofvolunteeringistheideathatonepersonmayhavetheabilitytoofferservicesthatcanhelpotherpeople.Tracy,agoodfriendofmine,however,recentlycamebackfromIndiawithanewideaofwhatbeingavolunteermeans.SheworkedfortwoandahalfweeksinoneofMotherTeresa'shomesinCalcutta.Thefollowingisherstory.“IfirstheardaboutMotherTeresainmyhighschool.WewatchedavideoaboutherworkinIndiaandallovertheworld.IwassomovedbyherspirittohelpothersandherendlessloveforeveryhumanbeingthatafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,Ialsowantedtotryherkindofwork.SowithtwofriendsIflewtoCalcuttaforafewweeks.”“Iwasaskedtoworkinahomeforsickpeople.Ihelpedwashclothesandsheets,andpassoutlunch.Ialsofedthepeoplewhoweretooweaktofeedthemselvesandtriedtocheerthemup.IfeltitwasbettertosharewiththemthantothinkthatIhavehelpedthem.Tobehonest,Idon'tthinkIwashelpingverymuch.ItwasthenthatIrealizedthatIhadnotreallycometohelp,buttolearnaboutandexperienceanotherculturethathelpedimprovemyownunderstandingoflifeandtheworld.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文為夾敘夾議文，主要介紹了Tracy對volunteer一詞的新的體會及理解。1．Accordingtothetext,avolunteerreferstoapersonwho________.A．iswillingtohelpthoseinneedwithoutpayB．canaffordtotraveltodifferentplacesC．hasastrongwishtobesuccessfulD．hasmadeabigfortuneinlife答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“onewhooffershisorherservices”和第一段最后一句“Volunteersdon'texpectanykindofpay.”可確定答案為A。2．WhydidTracychoosetobeavolunteer?A．ShelikedtoworkwithMotherTeresa.B．Shehadalreadyhadsomeexperience.C．ShewasaskedbyMotherTeresa.D．ShewantedtofollowMotherTeresa'sexample.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Iwassomovedbyherspirit...Ialsowantedtotryherkindofwork.”可知，她想以MotherTeresa為榜樣。3．WhatisTracy's“newidea”(inParagraph2)ofbeingavolunteer?A．Goingabroadtohelpthesick.B．WorkinginMotherTeresa'shome.C．Doingsimplethingstohelpthepoor.D．Improvingoneselfthroughhelpingothers.答案：D推理判斷題。由第三、四段內(nèi)容可知，Tracy怎樣在實(shí)踐volunteer的過程中逐漸形成了新的體驗(yàn)和認(rèn)識，且從文中最后一句可知newidea的含義。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBeaVolunteerB．VoluntaryLifeinIndiaC．ADifferentMeaningofVolunteerD．InspirationfromMotherTeresa答案：C標(biāo)題判斷題。本文以volunteer作為導(dǎo)入，講Tracy對volunteer的新體會和與以前不同的理解。C項(xiàng)切合文章的主題。BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(認(rèn)知的)skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家通過比較黑猩猩和小孩子的行為得出結(jié)論，相較于黑猩猩的自私，人類的本能和天性是幫助別人，與人合作和分享。5．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'interests.B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors'food.D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的實(shí)驗(yàn)得知，黑猩猩不關(guān)心、不在乎同類。故A項(xiàng)正確。其中C項(xiàng)干擾性較大，由實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論是黑猩猩自私，而不是喜歡那么做。6．MichaelTomasello'stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey________.A．havetheinstincttohelpothersB．knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC．knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一、二句得知，小孩幫助他人是出于本能和天性。故A項(xiàng)正確。7．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB．waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionalityC．cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD．thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案：C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者通過對黑猩猩和小孩進(jìn)行的對比實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了助人、與別人合作是人獨(dú)有的本能。A項(xiàng)干擾性較大，文章不是簡單地介紹了小孩子的助人行為。Ⅱ.七選五Tenrequirementsforteensthatwon'tgetthemintocollegebutwillmakethembetterpeople?Writealetter.Anactualletterthatdoesnotbeginwith“Hey”andiswritten,inhandwriting,onrealpaper.?Readabookforpleasure.__1__Repeatwhenneededuntilyoufindabookyoureallylove.?Holddownanunpleasantjobthatmakesyouhateyourparentsalittlebitbecausetheywon'tletyouquit.?Gosomewherefortheweekendwithoutyourphone.__2__?Everytimeyougetanewtoyorgadget(小玩意),giveanoldtoyorgadgetawaytosomeonewhodoesn'tgetnewthingsasoftenasyoudo.?Takecareofsomeoneorsomethingotherthanyourself.__3__Andifit'sadog,learntobrushthedogfarenoughawayfromthebackdoorsothatthehairdoesnotallcomebackinyourhousewhenyouarefinished.?__4__Evenifthispersonhasn'tgivenyouaholidayorbirthdaypresent,findsomethingtothankhimfor.?Learntocookagoodmealthatcanfeedtheentirefamily,nomatterwhatsizefamilyyouhave.?Dosomethingniceforaneighborwithoutexpectinganycreditforitandkeepyouridentitysecret.?__5__Ifyouwanttoaimforthetop,goodforyou.Buttrytogetthereslowly,withoutknockingeveryoneelseoutoftheway.Ormissingthebeautifulview.A．Don'tracetothetop.B．Apetdoesnicelyhere.C．Guesswhichjobtaughtmemoreaboutlife.D．Thenyoumayknowwhatitfeelsliketobealone.E．Ifyoustartoneandstillhateitonpage50,findanotherone.F．Writeaheartfeltthank－younotetosomeoneovertheageof70.G．Putthenewspaperonthefrontstepifitlandedinthemiddleofthedriveway.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了十件對青少年成長有益的事情。1．EE項(xiàng)中的“page50”符合本段關(guān)于讀書的語境，且“findanotherone”與設(shè)空后的“untilyoufindabook”相呼應(yīng)，故選E項(xiàng)。2．D根據(jù)本空前的“withoutyourphone”及我們的日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)可知，不帶手機(jī)意味著無法與其他人取得聯(lián)系，只能“獨(dú)自一人”，這與D項(xiàng)中的“tobealone”相呼應(yīng)。3．B根據(jù)本空后的“ifit'sadog”可知，作者在這里以“寵物”為例，建議青少年照顧其他人或物。故B項(xiàng)符合語境。4．F根據(jù)本段中的“findsomethingtothankhimfor”可知，作者建議青少年寫一封“感謝信”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合前后語境。5．AA項(xiàng)中的“Don'tracetothetop”與空后的“thetop”，“getthereslowly”相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.語法填空RecentlyIhavebeenthinkingabouthowIcanhelpothers,even__1__thesimplestways.BecauseIspendfivedaysstudyingatschool,Ifocuson__2__Icandoformyclassmates.IstartedinmyEnglishclass.Iusuallygodowntownforlunch.SoafterIatemyfood,Iboughttwosmallbagsofcookiesandalargecupoficedtea.Igottoclassbeforeeveryoneelse,andIdecidedtopicksomeone__3__neededalittlemorebrightnessonthatday.Everyonecamein__4__readthenote：“RandomActofKindness.PayitForward.”Theywerepretty__5__(excite).IactedasifIwereastonishedtoavoidbeingfoundoutandremainunknown.Tomy__6__(surprised),theboysharedthefoodwiththeentireclass.Thenextday,theboywhoreceivedmygiftdidpassiton.Andheboughtsomefoodandadrinkfor__7__studentwhohadclassafterus.Thefollowingday,ImadeaCD,whichwasfilledwithpleasantmusic,withthepurposeof__8__(cheer)anyoneupwhowashavingaroughdayorwhojustwantedtobeinagoodmood.Iput__9__onanotherstudent'sdesk.WhenhesawtheCD,hesharedthemusicwithusduringclass,whichmadeeverybodyhappy.AndI__10__(leave)feelinggoodaboutmyselfthewholeday.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者決定從幫助身邊的人入手開始幫助他人。他默默地做出兩個小小的善舉——為同學(xué)買午飯及送同學(xué)CD，并收到了很好的效果：其他同學(xué)分享并傳遞了他的愛心行為，同時作者也體會到了助人的快樂。1．in考查介詞。名詞way通常與介詞in搭配，表示“以……的方式”。2．what考查賓語從句的連接詞。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句中缺少賓語，故用連接詞what引導(dǎo)。3．who考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為someone，從句中缺少主語，故填關(guān)系代詞who。4．a(chǎn)nd考查連詞。大家進(jìn)來后，讀了那張便條。表示緊接著發(fā)生的兩個動作，因此填連詞and，表示并列關(guān)系。5．excited考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語是人，本空應(yīng)填過去分詞excited“激動的，興奮的”，作表語，描述人的心理狀態(tài)。6．surprise考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。toone'ssurprise為固定搭配，意為“使某人驚奇的是”，所有格one's后應(yīng)填名詞surprise。7．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境，此處泛指“一個同學(xué)”，故用不定冠詞a。8．cheering考查非謂語動詞。withthepurposeof為固定搭配，意為“為了……”，介詞of后要跟名詞或動名詞，因此填cheering。9．it考查代詞。此處指代上文中提到的“CD”，故填it。10．wasleft考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)