2014真題閱讀理A2014真題閱讀理A第一TheNationalTheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasinglyimportantpartinthepreservationforpublicenjoymentofthebestthatisleftunspoiledoftheBritish（Although沒答案)theTrusthasreceivedpracticalandmoralsupportfromGovernment,itisnotarichgovernmentdepartment.ItisavoluntaryassociationofpeoplewhocarefortheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisacharitywhichdependsforitsexistenceonvoluntarysupportfrommembersofthepublic.Itsprimarydutyistoprotectplacesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistoricalinterest.TheattentionofthepublicwasthefirstdrawntothedangersthreateningthegreatoldhousesandthecastlesofBritainbythedeathoftheLordLothian,wholefthisgreatseventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe4500-acreparkandestatesurroundingit.ThisgiftattractedwidepublicityandstartedtheTrust’s“CountryHouseScheme”Underthisscheme,withthehelpoftheGovernmentandthegeneralpublic,theTrusthasbeenabletosaveandmakeaccessibletothepublicabout150oftheseoilhouses.Lastyear,about1.75millionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichouses,usuallyataverysmallcharge.Inadditiontocountryhousesandopenspaces,theTrustnowownssomeexamplesofancientwindandwatermills,naturereserves,540farmsandnearly2500cottagesorsmallvillagehouses,aswellassomecompletevillages.Inthesevillagesnooneisallowedtobuild,developordisturbtheoldvillageenvironmentinanywayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginal16thcenturystyle.Over4,000acresofcoastline,woodland,andhillcountryareprotectedbytheTrustandnodevelopmentordisturbancesofanykindarepermitted.Thepublichasfreeaccesstotheseareasandisonlyaskedtorespectthepeace,beautyandwildlife.Overthepast80yearstheTrusthasbecomeabigandimportantorganizationandanessentialandrespectedpartofnationallife.IthelpstopreserveallthatandofhistoricalsignificancenotonlyforfuturegenerationsofBritonsbutalsoforthemillionsoftouristswhoeachyearinvadeBritaininsearchofagreathistoricandculturalheritage.31.TheNationalTrustisA.GovernmentagencydependingonvoluntaryNon-profitorganizationdependingonvoluntaryGovernmentdepartmentbutisnotPrivateorganizationsupportedbytheTheNationalTrustisdedicatedPreservingthebestpublicProvidingthepublicwithfreeaccesstohistoricOfferingbetterservicestovisitorshomeandProtectingtheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricWecaninferfromParagraph2thatLordDonatedallhismoneytotheCStartedthe“CountryHouseSchemeStartedthe“CountryHouseScheme別墅SavedmanyoldcountryhousesinwasinfluentitalinhisLastyear,about1.75millionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichouses,usuallyataverysmallcharge.AllthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageTheTrustismoreinterestedinprotectingthe16thcenturyManypeoplecametovisitthehistorichousessavedbytheVisitorscangetfreeaccesstosomeplacesownedbytheTheTrusthasastorywhichislongerthan8035.Theword“invade”inParagraph4isclosetinmeaningA.ComeinwithoutB.EnterwithCVisitinlargenumbers.查中文：蜂擁而至D.Appearallofa做 35C,A4第二ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastPost-menopausal(絕經(jīng)后)womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereport,whichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73.615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerintheTheywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng))andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPatel,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:”Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.””Morestrenuous(緊張的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”BaronessDelythMorgan,chiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaign,studyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanplayapartininfluencingriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:”Weknowthatthebestriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:”Weknowthatthebestweapontoovercomingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstplace.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreast36.Allofthefollowingfactorsrelatingtocancerriskwerementionedinthepassage A.breathingC.recreationalB.regularD.lifestyle37.ItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPatel’sstudy Dr.AlpaPatel,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:”Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,pwomenhavefewerchancesofphysicaldailywalkingcouldcutthechanceofbreastleisure-timeactivityisnotassociatedwithcancerwalkingisnotrecommendedforwomenwithbreastDr.AlpaPatel chiefeditorofCancerchairoftheAmericanCancerheadofthesurveychiefexecutiveofBreastCancerWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheMostwomentakewalkingastheironlyrecreationalWalkingwastheonlyrecreationalactivityforabouthalfofthe47%=aboutThestudyaimstotrackthehealthconditionsofitsD.Irregularwalkingincreasedtheriskofbreastcancerinpost-menopausalTheword“sustainable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningtoaffordableavailable可提 堅(jiān)持continuable(這個(gè)詞比較麻煩查)中文可學(xué)習(xí)5出現(xiàn)答案第三篇HowWeFormFirstWeallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher-asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits?Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits.Evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation-thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortex(皮質(zhì))systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean”.Ifyouseesomeoneyouagainstahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortex(皮質(zhì))systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean”.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe”.Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“newandpotentiallythreatening”.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerswithother“known”memories.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew,Idon’tlikethisperson”O(jiān)relse,“I’mintrigued(好奇的Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:“Ilikethisperson”.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong.Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks(騙子),peeks(反常的人),orfreaks(怪人).However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.41.OurfirstimpressionofsomeonenewisinfluencedbyhisorA.pastC.facialIfyoumeetastrangerwithfamiliargestures,yourbrainismostlikelyto“Heisfamiliarand“Heisnewandpotentially“Ilikethis“Thisisnew,Idon’tlikethis43.Theword“preliminary”inParagraph3isclosetinmeaning44.OurthinkingisnotmatureenoughwhenwestereotypepeoplebecauseA.weneglecttheirdepthandbreadth.theyarenotalljocks,peeks,orourthinkingissimilartothatofaveryyoungourjudgmentisalways45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.One’sphysicalappearancecaninfluenceourfirstimpression.OurfirstimpressionisinfluencedbythesensitivityofourStereotypicalimpressionscanbedeadWeshouldadoptmaturethinkingwhengettingtoknow答案B第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessIKEAistheworld'slargestfurnitureretailer,andthemanbehinditisKamprad,oneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926,Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachild,heenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatches,seeds,andpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17,hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness一IKEA.TodayIKEAisknownforitsTodayIKEAisknownforitsmodern,minimalistfurniture1,butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.Rather,IKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoods.Kamprad'swaresincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices2,includingwatches,pensandstockings.IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad'shome.Initialsaleswereveryencouraging,soKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951.In1953IKEAopeneditsfirstshowroominAlmhult,Sweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettings,butintheearly1950s,peopleorderedfromcatalogues.Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955,IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture.In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging3.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.Theproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselves,butovertime,eventhisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.Nowadays,IKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompany,leadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion.Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.Amazingly,IngvarKampradmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-heldcompany.In2004hewastheworld'sday-to-richestman.HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitself,though,justkeepsongrowing.31.KampradestablishedIKEAwithA.hispersonalsavings.B.hisfather’srewardforhisschoolC.largeprofitsfromsellingthings.D.Hisschool’ssupportre32.TheauthorstatesinParagraph5thatflatpackagingA.needfather’srewardforhisschoolperformance.isabusinessconceptinspiredbyhelpreducetransportationmakethecompanyself-答案：Cre33.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.IKEAexperiencedrapidexpansionsincethelate1950s.IKEAdesigneditsownproductssinceIKEAsoldallkindsofmiscellaneousgoodsKampradsoldhiscompanyafterre34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIKEA’sfutureaccording34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIKEA’sfutureaccordingtothelast答案：C提供的態(tài)度詞Optimistic.35.Thepassageisdevelopedprimarilyintermsof-------AexplainingaBtellingaCcomparingandDconvincingthereaderofA.analysisofaprocess分析、explain解釋（理工答案B.Examplesthatillustrateaproblem.舉例（衛(wèi)生答案C.Comparisonandcontrast.對(duì)比D.Sequenceofevents.排列tellastory（綜合答選BCC后，全選D515第二ApproachestoUnderstandingItpaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeamusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.EachofusisdifferentPsychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludespeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests. .The intelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemof peoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchers thatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.Gardnerhasidentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(身體動(dòng)覺的),andnaturalistic.WhatisthemainideaofthisWhatisthemainideaofthispassageTheimportanceofintelligenceThedevelopmentofintelligencetestsHowtounderstandintelligenceHowtobecomeintelligent答案：C標(biāo)題詞understandintelligenceWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligenceMostintelligentpeopledowellonsomeintelligencetestsIntelligentpeopledonotdowellongrouptestsIntelligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoraltestsPeopledoingwellononetypeofintelligencetestdowellonothertests答案：D最Gardnerbelievesthat allchildrenarealikechildrenhavedifferentintelligenceschildrenshouldtakeoneintelligencetestthereisnogeneralintelligenceAccordingtoGardner,schoolsshould teststudents’IQstrainstudentswhodopoorlyontestsfocusonfindingthemostintelligentstudents答案：A第五段最Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa musicalfoundationintrapersonalfoundationlinguisticfoundationbiologicalfoundation.最后412TheWorker'sRoleinTraditionally,ithasbeentheworker'sroletoandmanage.Managershaveplannedanddirectedthefirm'soperationswithlittlethoughtconsultingthelaborforce.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelled(被迫的)toobtaintheworker'sopinionsortoexplaintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.Atmost,companieshaveprovided"suggestionboxes"inwhichworkerscouldplaceideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyears,however,manymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor——theyhaveavitalstakeinthecompanyandmaybeabletomakesignificantcontributionstoitsmanagement.Furthermore,majorcompanydecisionsprofoundlyaffectworkersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofplantclosings,whichmayputthousandsontheunemploymentlines.Shouldworkers,then,playastrongerroleinmanagement?Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleast,thelaborforceshouldbeinformedofmajorpolicydecisions.(Acommoncomplaintamongrank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationaboutcompanypoliciesandactions.)Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs(失業(yè)oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90day'snoticeoughtand1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsofplantclosingsandpermanentlayoffs(失業(yè)oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90day'snoticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetimetoadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingaplant,becausetheworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducingcostsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillhelpkeeptheplantoperating.Itshouldbecomeageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerialdecisionmaking.Thereoughttoberepresentativesoftheworkersonthefirm'sboardofdirectorsorothermajorpolicymakinggroups.Ifrank-and-fileworkersaregivenavoiceintheplanningandmanagementoftheworkflow,theywillhelptomakeimprovement,theirmoralewillrise,andtheirproductivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentive,theymustbegivenashareinthecompany'sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipplans,bonuses,orrewardsforefficiencyandproductivity.Finally,whenaplantcannolongeroperateataprofit,theworkersshouldbegiventheopportunitytopurchasetheplantandrunitthemselves.ItcanbeinterredfromParagraph1that werenotseldomobtaineddisliked“suggestionneverconsultedthelabor shouldhaveasayinmanagementofthearenolongersellersofthearelessaffectedbycompanydecisionsthanareabletomakefinaldecisionsforthe43.Theword“rank-and-file”Paragraph2isclosestinmeaning .查中文成員A.B.C.D.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedbetween1980andAboutfivemillionworkerswerelaidoffwithoutadvanceManagersconsultedworkersbeforeclosingaWorkersdidnotmakenecessaryManycompanieswereclosedbecauseofItnotgivenavoiceinmanagenaldecisionmaking maylacktheincentivetoincreasetheircannotgetashareinthecompany’scanstillgetbonusesforefficiencyandwillnothavetheopportunitytopurchasetheC第一TakingPicturesoftheAnnieGriffithsBeltisaNationalGeographicphotographer.ShehasworkedforNationalGeographicsince1978,andhastakenpicturesonalmosteverycontinentintheworld.Infact,AntarcticaistheonlycontinentBelthasn’tseenyet.AnnieGriffithsBeltisaNationalGeographicphotographer.ShehasworkedforNationalGeographicsince1978,andhastakenpicturesonalmosteverycontinentintheworld.Infact,AntarcticaistheonlycontinentBelthasn’tseenyet.Belt’sphotographsarewellknownfortheirbeautyandhighquality.Theyalsoreflectverydifferentculturesandregionsoftheworld.BelthasphotographedtheancientcityofPetra,Jordan,aswellasthegreenlandscapesoftheLakeDistrictinEngland.Recently,herpicturesappearedinabookaboutundevelopednaturalplacesinNorthAmerica.EverywherethatBeltgoes,shetakespicturesofpeople.Belthasfoundwaystoconnectwithpeopleofallagesandnationalitiesevenwhenshedoesnotspeaktheirlanguage.“Thegreatestprivilegeofmyjobisbeingallowedintopeople’slives,”shehassaid.“Thecameraislikeapassport,andIamoftenoverwhelmed(激動(dòng)得不知所措)byhowquicklypeoplewelcomeme!”KnowinghowtobreaktheicehashelpedtomakeBeltasuccessfulphotographer,butexpertssaythatanyonecanlearntoconnectwithnewpeople.Whenpeoplespeakthesamelanguage,greetingsandsmalltalkcanmakestrangersfeelmorecomfortablewitheachother.Whenpeopledon’tspeakthesamelanguage,asmileisveryhelpful.Havingsomethingincommoncanalsohelpbreaktheice.Forexample,Belthastraveledwithhertwochildren,sowhenshetakespicturesofchildren,theyallhavethatfamilyconnectionincommon.EvenbadweathercanhelppeopletoconnectwhentheyareexperiencingitBelthassomeadviceifyouarethinkingaboutacareerinphotography.Youcanvolunteertotakepicturesforalocalorganizationthatcan’taffordtohireaprofessionalphotographer.Youcanalsotakeagood,honestlookatyourbestphotographs.Ifyou’rearealphotographer,yourphotosaregoodbecauseofyourpersonalandtechnicalskills.BeltalsorecommendsstudyingandlearningfromphotostakenbyprofessionalRemember,thenexttimeyoulookatabeautifulphotograph,youmightbelookingattheworkofAnnieGriffithsBelt.Andthenexttimeyoumeetanewperson,don’tbeafraidtobreaktheice.Theconnectionyoumakecouldbeveryrewarding.31.Belt’sphotographsarepraisedforallofthefollowingbeautyandhighqualityA.theirgoodqualityB.differentculturesC.variousshapesD.their32.Theword“privilege”inParagraph3means查字33.Thesentence“thecameraislikeapassport”inParagraph3implies首尾呼A.aphotographercanvisitaforeigncountrywithoutacustomsofficialslikecustomsofficialsliketakinggoodcameracanmakeothersacceptyoutakingpicturescanhelpmeetpeopleindifferentplaces.標(biāo)題詞34.Inthefourthparagraph,theauthormainlydiscusseshowto段落主題，看首greetstrangersofdifferenthavefamilyconnectioningetonwellwithpeopleinbadbreaktheicein35.Beltsuggeststhatthosewhowanttobeaphotographer查A.knowhowtoconnectwithothersB.volunteertobreaktheiceinconversation.C.learnfromtheprofessionalsworks.D.takepicturesofdifferentBeltalsorecommendsstudyingandlearningfromphotostakenby第二ApproachestoUnderstanding第三In1959AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstate,symbolizingachangeofattitudefromthatheldin1867,whenthepeninsula(半島)waspurchased購(gòu)買fromRussia.Then,mostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1500,000squarekilometers“oficebergsandpolarbears”一beyondCanada'swesternborders,farfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates.InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircle,Alaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbears.Icemasseslieburiedintheearth.FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugust,themidnightsunneversetsonthisflat,treelessregion,butthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown.AlaskaisAmerica'slargeststate,butonlyabout325,000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates,800,000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640,000hectaresarebeingcultivated.ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.ItisbelievedthattheEskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberia,probablycrossingBeringStrait,namedforVitusBering,theDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.TheEskimosarethestate'searliestknowninhabitants.Russianfurtradersestablishedsettlementsbut,bythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStates,mostofthetradershaddeparted.In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrosstheAlaskanborder.ThousandsofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike;someneverreturned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagain,althougheventodaytransportationisamajorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheUSmainland,andwithinmainland,andwithinthestate,everytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengers,mailandfreighttothemostdistantvillages.ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonended,andalthoughmanystoriesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliterature,thegoldfromAlaskanearthcontributedlesstoeconomicprogressthanthefishfromAlaskanwaters.Thefishcaughtinasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsareplentifulintheforestsandstreams,andvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishing,thestate'schiefindustryislumberandtheproductionofwoodpulp.Inrecentyears,Alaska'ssinglemostimportantresourcehasbecomeoil.Thestatealsohaslargedepositsofcoal,copper,goldandotherminerals.41.AlaskaisanAmericanstatethatA.locateswithintheArcticCircle.wasknownbyAmericansbeforeliestotheeastofwasonceownedby42.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutAlaska?A.ThesunneversetsonitslandinMay.SomeofitslandisfitforItisamountainousIthastwoseasons:springand43.WhatistrueabouttheEskimos?A.TheyarethenativesofAlaska.TheymovedtoAlaskafromTheyhadalongfightwiththeRussiaTheydiscoveredgoldneartheKlondike44.WhattransportationdeviceiswidelyusedinAlaska?whatismainlyresponsiblefortheeconomicgrowthinAlaska理工AEye-trackerLetsYouDragandDropFileswithaBoredofusingamouse?Soonyou'llbeabletochangestuffon andthenmoveitdirectlyontoyoursmartphoneortablet(平板電腦–withnothingmorethanaglance.AsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject–aphoto,say–andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.ItcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoAsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject–aphoto,say–andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.Itcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoatabletorsmartphonejustbyglancingattheseconddevice,aslongasthetwoareconnectedwirelessly."Thebeautyofusinggazetosupportthisisthatoureyesnaturallyfocusoncontentthatwewanttoacquire,"saysJaysonTurner,whodevelopedthesystemwithcolleaguesatLancasterUniversity,UK.TurnerbelievesEyeDropwouldbeusefultotransferaninteractivemaporcontactinformationfromapublicdisplaytoyoursmartphoneorforsharingphotos.AbuttonneedstobeusedtoselecttheobjectyouarelookingatotherwiseyouendupwiththeMidastouch"(點(diǎn)石成金effect,wherebyeverythingyoulookatgetsselectedbyyourgaze,saysTurner."Imagineifyourmouseclickedoneverythingitpointedat,"hesays.ChristianHolz,aresearcherinhuman-computerinteractionatYahooLabsinSunnyvale,California,saysthesystemisanicetakeongettingroundthisfundamentalproblemofusinggaze-trackingtointeract."EyeDropsolvesthisinaslick(靈巧的)waybycombiningitwithinputonthetouchdeviceswecarrywithusmostofthetimeanywayandusingtouchinputasaclutchingmechanism,"hesays."hsnowallowsuserstoseamlessly(無縫地)interactacrossdevicesfarandcloseinaverynaturalmanner."Whilecurrenteye-trackersareratherbulky,mainstreamconsumerdevicesarenottoofaraway.SwedishfirmTobiiisdevelopinggaze-trackingtechnologythatcanbeinstalledinlaptopsandtabletsandisexpectedtobeavailabletobuynextyear.AndtheGoogleGlassheadsetisexpectedtoincludeeye-trackinginthefuture.Turnersayshehasalsolookedathowcontentcanbecutandpastedordrag-and-droppedusing