Unit1Period1ReadingandThinking(I)新課導(dǎo)入視頻：一分鐘了解霍亂弧菌1.通過閱讀，了解約翰·斯諾是如何打敗“霍亂王”的，并能理解質(zhì)疑精神在科學(xué)研究中的重要作用；2.能歸納詞綴，并能使用構(gòu)詞法整理、記憶詞匯。課堂學(xué)習(xí)Lookatthepicture,thetitleandthemap,guesswhatthecontentofthetextis.Thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouareright.Pre-reading_______analysetheresults_______askaquestion_______drawaconclusion_______collectdata_______findaproblem_______findsupportingevidence_______thinkofamethodDiscussthefollowingstagesofscientificresearchingroups.Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?1JOHNSNOWDEFEATS"KINGCHOLERA"Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untila

Britishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly

19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Fast-readingIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecond

theory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas

20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientists

studydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.Para.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecond

theory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.TruthoftheinfectionofcholeraSnow'scontributionsPara.3Matcheachtopicsentencewithitsparagraph.StagesKeywordsorsentences1.twocontradictorytheories2.intwoparticularstreetthecholerawassoseverefindoutwhy3.markingonthemap4.housesnumber16,37,38and40;20and21;8and95.multipledeathnearthewaterpump;somehouseshadnodeath.6.awomanandherdaughterhaddied,thewomanlikedthewaterhaditdeliveredtoherhouse7.JohnSnowannouncedthatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.analysetheresultsaskaquestiondrawaconclusioncollectdatafindsupportingevidencethinkofamethodfindaproblemSkimthepassagetoseeiftheorderyoudecidedinActivity1wascorrect.2Careful-readingReadPara1carefullyandanswerthequestions.1.Whywasthediseasecalled“KingCholera”?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,whichcausedseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.AndwhenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.ReadPara2carefullyandanswerthequestions.1.HowdiddoctorsthinkCholeraspread?2.WhatwasSnow'sopinionaboutthetheories?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory,buthestillneededproof.ReadPara2and3againtocompletethechart.Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad________orgermsin__________.ASnow______________theplaceswherethepeoplewho_________hadlived.BManydeathsoccurrednearthe_________inBroadStreet.Somepeople________drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter________________________________.CThepumpwatercarried_____________.The__________ofthepumpwasremoved.DEairfoodorwaterdiedmarkedonamapwaterpumphadn’tdrinkingwaterfromthepumpcholeragermshandleReadPara4carefullyandanswerthequestions.1.Whatcausedcholera'soutbreakintheBroadStreet?2.Howwerepeopleinfectedwiththevirusofcholera?ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.1conclusion____2evidence______3process______4solution______5theories______DEBACMatchthefollowingheaderswiththelettersfromthechartabove.WriteA-Eintheblanks.4Writeoutthequestionsaccordingtotheanswers.51Q:What______________________?A:Snowthoughtthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.2Q:Why__________________________________________?A:Snowhadthehandlefromthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.3Q:How_____________________________?A:ThecholerathreatwasdefeatedthankstotheworkofJohnSnow.causedthecholeradidSnowhavethehandleofthepumpremoved

wasthecholerathreatdefeatedAskquestionsOnewaytoapproachareadingpassageistoaskquestionsaboutit.Askingquestionscanhelpyouunderstandthecontent.Itcanalsohelpyouthinkmoredeeplyaboutthetopic.1.WhatwasthemostimportanttoolSnowusedtodefeatcholera?Whatcommonmedicaltools,e.g.,amicroscope,didn'theuse?Why?2.HowhasJohnSnow'sworkaffectedourdailylives?Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.6Mapsandstatistics.Hedidn'tusethecommonmedicaltoolssuchasamicroscopewasbecausetheydidn’texistduringhistime.Further,understandingofgermsandbacteriawasstilldeveloping,andsohehadtoinnovatemethodshimselfbasedonthetheoryhebelieved.Hisworkcanprotectpeoplefrombeingkilledbytheseveredisease.Furthermore,ittoldusweshouldprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.

人教選擇性必修第二冊Unit1Period1ReadingandThinking(II)(

英語

)ENGLISH1.【教材原句】Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一?！揪涫椒治觥縰ntil引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。until“直到……為止”，主句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞，主句為肯定句；not…until“直到……才”，主句謂語動詞為短暫性動詞，主句為否定句。【歸納拓展】not…until的用法強調(diào)句：Itwasn’tuntil+從句/表時間的詞that＋主句倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：Notuntil+從句/表時間的詞+助動詞+(主句)主語+謂語+其他單句語法填空1.Thesportsmeetwillnotbehelduntilnextweek.→________nextweek____thesportsmeetbeheld.Notuntilwill

Languagepoints2.【教材原句】Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.這種疾病可導(dǎo)致嚴重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡?！驹~匯精講】severeadj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴重的；嚴厲的;苛刻的【詞匯拓展】besevereon/with對……嚴厲beseverewithoneself嚴于律己severelyadv.很嚴重地;極為惡劣地severeweather惡劣的天氣severelooks嚴肅的表情severedisease嚴重的疾病3.【教材原句】Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfrom

thedisease.19世紀初，歐洲爆發(fā)霍亂，數(shù)百萬人死于這種疾病。【詞匯精講】diefrom

死于(某種外部原因)【詞匯拓展】dieaway(聲音、風(fēng)或光)逐漸消失diedown逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸平息dieof因……而死(疾病、過度悲傷等內(nèi)部原因)dieout滅絕；消失bydyingfor/todosth.渴望得到某物/做某事4.【教材原句】Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導(dǎo)致霍亂?！驹~匯精講】infectionn.感染；傳染【詞匯拓展】infectvt.使感染；傳染

beinfectedwith感染上……，傳染上……infectiousadj.感染的，傳染性的單句語法填空(1)Whitebloodcellsfight_________(infect).(2)Everyyear，therearepeopleunluckyenoughtobeinfected_____theflu.infectionwith5.【教材原句】Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯諾贊同第二種理論。

【詞匯精講】subscribevt.認購(股份);定期交納(會費);同意;捐助【詞匯拓展】subscribeto訂閱subscribetotheview/theory同意觀點/理論subscribefor預(yù)定;認購subscriber

n.

訂閱人；定期捐款者；消費者subscription

n.

訂閱；訂閱費；定期捐款takeoutasubscription辦理訂閱cancel/renewasubscription退訂/續(xù)訂單句語法填空Howmanysharesdidyousubscribe

thenewcompany?for6.【教材原句】Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡?！揪涫椒治觥縮o…that…意為“如此……以至于……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句?！練w納拓展】主語+實義動詞+so+副詞+that從句主語+系動詞（be,become,feel等）+so+形容詞+that從句主語+系動詞+so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

+that從句主語+謂語+so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

+that從句主語+謂語+so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞

+that從句主語+謂語+so+many(much,few,little)

+that從句【溫馨提示】在“so…that…”和“such…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such置于句首時，其所在的句子要用部分倒裝。7.【教材原句】Snowsuspected①thatthewaterpumpwastoblame②.斯諾懷疑水泵是元兇。

①【詞匯精講】suspectvt.&vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人【詞匯拓展】suspectsb/sthof...懷疑某人/某事……suspectsbofdoing...懷疑某人做……suspect...tobe/as懷疑……是……suspicionn.懷疑suspiciousadj.感覺可疑的【溫馨提示】常用“vt.+sb.+ofsth.”短語warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事curesb.ofsth.給某人治愈某??；改正(某人的不良行為)informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事②【詞匯精講】blamev.責(zé)備;指責(zé);把……歸咎于

n.責(zé)任;責(zé)備;指責(zé)betoblame應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備【詞匯拓展】blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人betoblamefor應(yīng)承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任；因……該受責(zé)備accept/bear/takeblamefor對某事負責(zé)；承擔(dān)責(zé)任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事的責(zé)任推到某人身上【溫馨提示】sb.betoblameforsth意為“某人應(yīng)為某事負責(zé)”,其中不定式用主動形式表示被動含義。8.【教材原句】Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuch...該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水……【句式精講】Itseemsthat/asif...看來……；似乎……

【歸納拓展】Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是……；原來是……

Itappearsthat...看來……；似乎是……

Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想到……

Ithappensthat...碰巧……

完成句子(1)________________（在我看來）thatyoudisagreeontheplan.(2)________________（碰巧）theharvestwasbadthatyear.ItseemstomeIthappenedthat9.【教材原句】Accordingly,hehadthehandle①ofthepumpremovedsothat②itcouldnotbeused.于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了?！驹~匯精講】handlen.把手;拉手;柄

vt.處理;搬動;操縱(車輛、動物等)【句式分析】sothat是從屬連詞，在此用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。意義為“為了；以便”，可用inorderthat從句來替換。這種從句的謂語動詞一般要和情態(tài)動詞can/could/may/might等連用。【溫馨提示】sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，意義為“結(jié)果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不與情態(tài)動詞連用，有時可用逗號與主句隔開，有時則不用。這種從句可用so…that…從句來轉(zhuǎn)換。10.【教材原句】Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thanks

totheworkofJohnSnow.幸運的是,由于約翰·斯諾的工作,我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂?！驹~匯精講】thanksto幸虧，由于thanksto,owingto,dueto,becauseof詞條用法常作成分thanksto“多虧”，多放在句首，用來表達正面意思(接近于原意

“感謝”)，偶用于諷刺口吻。作狀語owingto“由于、因為”，可置于句首或句末。常作狀語、表語dueto表示原因，可與owingto互換常作表語、狀語或定語becauseof著重某個結(jié)果的原因常作狀語11.【教材原句】...Snowtransformed①thewayscientistsstudydiseases…②

…斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。①【詞匯精講】transformvt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)vi.改變;轉(zhuǎn)變【詞匯拓展】o...使……變成……o...把……從……變成……transformation

n.

改變、轉(zhuǎn)化(不可數(shù));具體變化(可數(shù))transformable

adj.

可變形的；可變化的transformer

n.

促使改變的人或物；變壓器②【句式分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。scientistsstudydiseases是定語從句，修飾先行詞theway?！練w納拓展】

theway后跟定語從句在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，theway作先行詞時有以下三種情況：（1）關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，關(guān)系詞用inwhich，that

或省略。e.g.Duringthosetimes，musiccanhelpyouinthesameway（that/inwhich）ithelpedme.（2）關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，關(guān)系詞用that或which。e.g.Hefoundawaywhich/thatledtosuccess.（3）關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，關(guān)系詞用that，which

或省略。e.g.Theway（that/which）hetoldmesoundsridiculous，butIwillgiveitatry.PrefixWordsPrefixWordsSuffixWordsSuffixWordsre-micro--ory-ialdis-trans--ion-ologyremove,replace,reusediscover,disable,disappearmicroscope,microwave,microphonetransform,transport,transplantcontradictory,advisory,compulsoryinfection,action,relationsubstantial,partial,financialepidemiology,biology,sociologyFindthewordsfromthepreviouspageswiththefollowingprefixesorsuffixes.Thenaddtwowordsforeachprefixorsuffix,andexplaintheirmeanings.41Manyscientists____________theviewthatitishumanactivitythathascausedglobalwarming.2Hewasto

_________theaccidentbecausehedroveonthewrongsideoftheroad.3Theman

____________beingbehindtherobberywasseencrossingthestreet.

4Sinceheartdiseaseisoften

_________ourlifestylechoices,weneedtomakehealthylivinganimportantpartofourlives.subscribe

suspect

blame

linkto

of

forsubscribetoblameforsuspectedoflinkedtoMakephrasesbycombiningthewordsintheleftboxwiththoseontheright.

Thencompletethesentencesusingthesephrases.2raw

ahouseholdname

substantial

statistics

handleReplacetheunderlinedpartswithsuitablewordsfromthebox