AS/NZS2885.4:2016

AS/NZS2885.4:2016

Australian/NewZealandStandardT

Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

Part4:Submarinepipelinesystems

STANDARDS

NEWZEALAND

AS/NZS2885.4:2016

ThisJointAustralian/NewZealandStandardwaspreparedbyJointTechnicalCommitteeME-038,Pipelines—GasandLiquidPetroleum.ItwasapprovedonbehalfoftheCouncilofStandardsAustraliaon2December2016andbytheNewZealandStandardsApprovalBoardon17November2016.

ThisStandardwaspublishedon23December2016.

ThefollowingarerepresentedonCommitteeME-038:

APGAResearchandStandardsCommittee

AustralasianCorrosionAssociation

AustralianIndustryGroup

AustralianInstituteofPetroleum

AustralianPetroleumProductionandExplorationAssociation

AustralianPipelineandGasAssociation

DepartmentofIndustry,SkillsandRegionalDevelopment

DepartmentofMinesandEnergy(NT)

DepartmentofMinesandPetroleum(WA)

DepartmentofNaturalResourcesandMines(Qld)

DepartmentofStateDevelopment(SA)

EnergyNetworksAssociation

EnergySafeVictoria

GasAssociationofNewZealand

NewZealandInstituteofGasEngineers

WeldingTechnologyInstituteofAustralia

WorksafeNewZealand

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ThisStandardwasissuedindraftformforcommentasDRAS/NZS2885.4:2016.

AS/NZS2885.4:2016

Australian/NewZealandStandardTM

Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

Part4:Submarinepipelinesystems

OriginatedasAS1958—1976.

c8ed—11edandredesignatedAS2885.4—2003.

Previousedition2010.

ThiseditionrevisedandredesignatedAS/NZS2885.4:2016.

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@StandardsAustraliaLimited/StandardsNewZealand

Allrightsarereserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedorcopiedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,withoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher,unlessotherwisepermittedundertheCopyrightAct1968(Australia)ortheCopyrightAct1994(NewZealand).

JointlypublishedbySAlGlobalLimitedunderlicencefromStandardsAustraliaLimited,GPOBox476,Sydney,NSW2001andbyStandardsNewZealand,POBox1473,Wellington6011.

ISBN9781760356354

AS/NZS2885.4:20162

PREFACE

ThisStandardwaspreparedbytheJointStandardsAustralia/StandardsNewZealandCommitteeME-038,PetroleumPipelines,tosupersedeAS2885.4—2010.

TheobjectiveofthisStandardistoprovideminimumrequirementsforsubmarinepipelines.ThisStandardisPart4ofthefollowingsuiteofStandards,whichcovershigh-pressure

petroleumpipelines:

AS

2885Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

2885.0Part0:Generalrequirements

2885.1Part1:Designandconstruction

2885.3Part3:Operationandmaintenance

AS/NZS

2885Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

2885.2Part2:Welding

2885.4Part4:Submarinepipelinesystems(thisStandard)

2885.5Part5:Fieldpressuretesting

Significantchangesinthisrevisionincludethefollowing:

(a)Revisionofapplicationlimitstoreflectothersubmarinepipelineconfigurations.

(b)RevisitingvariationstoDNVOS-F101‘DetNorskeVeritasOffshoreStandard—Submarinepipelinesystems'whichappearedinthe2010editionoftheStandard.

(c)UpdatingofAppendixAprovidingspecificinformationondesignandintegrityissues

tobeaddressedforpipelineshorecrossingsbasedonrecentindustryexperience.

Statementsexpressedinmandatorytermsinnotestotablesaredeemedtoberequirements

ofthisStandard.

Theterm‘informative'hasbeenusedinthisStandardtodefinetheapplicationoftheappendixtowhichitapplies.An'informative'appendixisonlyforinformationandguidance.

3AS/NZS2885.4:2016

CONTENTS

Page

1SCOPE

4

2APPLICATION

4

3NORMATIVEREFERENCES

5

4DEFINITIONS

5

5APPLICATIONLIMITS

8

6APPROVALS

10

APPENDIXAINTEGRITYOFPIPELINESATSHORECROSSINGS

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STANDARDSAUSTRALIA/STANDARDSNEWZEALAND

Australian/NewZealandStandard

Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

Part4:Submarinepipelinesystems

1SCOPE

ThisStandardspecifiestheuseofthefollowingdocumentstoproviderequirementsforsubmarinepipelinesystemswithrespecttosafety,design,materials,fabrication,installation,testing,operationandabandonment:

(a)AS2885.0,AS2885.1,AS/NZS2885.2,AS2885.3andAS/NZS2885.5fortheonshorepartofsubmarinepipelinesystems.

(b)DNVOSF101forotherpartsofsubmarinepipelinesystems.

ThisStandardalsospecifiesapplicationlimitstodefinethelinksbetweentheabovepartsofpipelines.

NOTE:AppendixAprovidesguidanceonpipelinesattheshorecrossing.

ThisStandardappliestosubmarinepipelinesystemsconstructedofcarbonmanganesesteel,lowalloysteel(forgingsandcastings),clad/linedsteelandcorrosion-resistantalloys.

ThisStandardappliestosubmarinepipelinesystemsconveyinghydrocarbonproducts(oil,naturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethane,ethylene,methanol,naturalgasliquids,monoethyleneglycol,etc.)andnon-hydrocarbonproducts(water,carbondioxide,non-flammablewaterbasedfluids,non-toxicgases,etc.).

2APPLICATION

2.1General

ThisStandardshallbeappliedinconjunctionwithDNVOS-F101andAS2885seriesStandardsasspecifiedinClauses2.2and2.3.

2.2DNVOS-F101

ExceptasnotedinClause2.3,allrequirementsforsubmarinepipelinesystemswithrespecttosafety,design,materials,fabrication,installation,testing,operationandabandonmentshallbeinaccordancewithDNVOS-F101.TherequirementsofAS2885.0,AS2885.1,AS/NZS2885.2,AS2885.3andAS/NZS2885.5arenotapplicable.

WhereDNVOS-F101doesnotcoveranyaspectofthescopethen,subjecttoClause5,guidanceshallbesoughtinthefirstinstancefromotherrelevantAustralianandInternationalStandards.

2.3SpecificdeviationsfromDNVOS-F101

2.3.1General

ThedeviationfromDNVOS-F101,asspecifiedinClause2.3,shallbeapplicableandtakeprecedenceoverDNVOS-F101requirements.

2.3.2Onshorepartofsubmarinepipelinesystems

TherequirementsofAS2885.0,AS2885.1,AS/NZS2885.2,AS2885.3and

AS/NZS2885.5shalltakeprecedence.

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Allrequirementsfortheonshorepartofsubmarinepipelinesystems,asspecifiedinDNVOS-F101AppendixF,arenotapplicable.

NOTE:RefertoClause5forthelimitsfortheonshorepartofthesubmarinepipelinesystem.

3NORMATIVEREFERENCES

ThefollowingarethenormativedocumentsreferencedinthisStandard:

AS

2885Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

2885.0Part0:Generalrequirements

2885.1Part1:Designandconstruction

2885.3Part3:Operationandmaintenance

AS/NZS

2885Pipelines—Gasandliquidpetroleum

2885.2Part2:Welding

2885.5Part5:Fieldpressuretesting

DNVOS-F101DetNorskeVeritasOffshoreStandard—Submarinepipelinesystems

NOTE:Theabovedocumentwillbere-issuedinlate2016withanewdocumentnumber(DNVGLST-F101).AllreferencestoDNVOS-F101inthisStandardareapplicableforDNVGLST-F101.

4DEFINITIONS

ForthepurposeofthisStandard,thedefinitionsinDNVOS-F101andthosebelowapply.

4.1Approved(andapproval)

Approvedbythelicenseeorthelicensee'sdelegate,andincludesobtainingtheapprovaloftherelevantregulatoryauthoritywherethisislegallyrequired.Approvalrequiresaconsciousactandisformallydocumented.

4.2Codebreak

PhysicaloroperationallimitseparatingapplicationofdifferentStandards.

4.3Licensee

Theentitythattheregulatoryauthorityholdsaccountableforthepipeline.

NOTE:Thelicenseemayormaynotbethepipelineownerandmayormaynotbealicenseholderunderlegislation.Thelicenseemaybeadifferententityatdifferentpointsinthepipelinelifecyclefromdesignthroughconstructiontooperatingandabandonment.

4.4Regulatoryauthority

Anauthoritywithresponsibilitytoadministerlegislationrelatingtopipelinescoveredby

thisStandard.

4.5Shall

Indicatesthatastatementismandatory.

4.6Should

Indicatesarecommendation.

4.7Submarinepipelinesystem

AsdefinedinDNVOS-F101,andextendedtothelimitsshowninFigures1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4and1.5.

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FIGURE1.1(a)APPLICATIONLIMITS-SUBSEAINSTALLATIONTOPLATFORM

⊥H9I8人d00

9910Z:t*S88ZSZN/SV

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NOTE:TheStandard"slimitshallbethefirstvalve,fangeorconnectionabovewater.Ifariseremergencyshutdownvalve(RESDV)ispresent,thelimitshallbeattheflangeorconnectionpointtotheRESDVbetweentheRESDVandthewaterlevel.TheStandard"slimitshallalsobeonthepipelinesideoftheconnectionpointtothesubseainstallation

FIGURE1.1(b)APPLICATIONLIMITS-SUB-SEAINSTALLATIONTOFLOATINGPRODUCTIONFACILTY

AS/NZS2885.4:20168

5APPLICATIONLIMITS

5.1General

Attheshorecrossingofapipeline,thecodebreakbetweenAS2885.1andAS/NZS2885.4shouldbedefinedonacase-by-casebasiswithconsiderationgiventothefollowing:

(a)Thecodebreakshouldoccurimmediatelytoonesideofapipeconnectionsuchasaweld,mechanicalconnector,orisolationjoint,suchthattheconnectionitselffallsunderonecodeortheother.

(b)TheapplicationofmultipleStandardstothesamesectionofpipeline(anoverlap)shouldbeavoided.

(c)ThereshouldnotbeasectionofpipelinewherenoStandardapplies(agap).

5.2Crossingdesign

5.2.1Opencutandcovershore

Thecodebreakforanopencutandcovershorecrossingdesignshallbedefinedonacase-by-casebasis,onceasufficientlevelofengineeringdefinitionhasbeenachieved.

Considerationshouldbegiventothe—

(a)extremelowandextremehighwaterlevels,andthelengthalongthepipelinebetweenthem;

NOTE:Extremewaterlevelisthewaterlevelresultingfromthedesignenvironmentaleventbeingacombinationoftide,stormsurgeandwaverun-up.

(b)systemdesignaspectsthatmayinfluencethecodebreak,suchas—

(i)electricalisolationpoints;and

(ii)beachvalves,

(c)pipelineconstructionmethod,suchas—

(i)methodofpipelineinstallation;

(ii)offshoretoonshoretie-inweldormechanicalconnector;and

(iii)pre-commissioningrequirements,

(d)implicationsfordesign;

(e)constructionpracticalities;and

(f)ongoingmaintenanceofthepipeline.

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FIGURE1.2APPLICATIONLIMITS—OPENCUTANDCOVERSHORECROSSINGS

5.2.2Horizontaldirectionallydrilled(HDD)shore

ThecodebreakforaHDDshorecrossingdesignshouldbeattheonshoretie-inweld,assumingthatafabricatedbendisintroducedbetweentheinclinedpipelinesection(installedbytheHDDmethod)andtheonshorepipelinesection.

However,deviationofthisprincipleispossible,forinstance,whentheHDDsectionofthepipelinetransitionstotheonshoresectionofthepipelineinanelasticbend.

FIGURE1.3APPLICATIONLIMITS—HORIZONTALDIRECTIONALLYDRILLED

SHORECROSSINGS

5.2.3Tunnelledshore

Atunnelledshorecrossingdesignmayormaynotincludeatie-inriserormetrologyspoolontheonshoresideofthecrossing.Thelocationofthecodebreakmaydiffer,andmayeitherbeatthebase(Case1)oratthetop(Case2)oftheriser/tie-inspool(seeFigure1.4).Ifthereisnotie-inriserormetrologyspool,thenthecodebreakshouldbeattheonshoretie-inweldtothepipelinesectioninstalledthroughthetunnel.

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FIGURE1.4APPLICATIONLIMITS—TUNNELLEDSHORECROSSINGDESIGN

5.2.4Jetty-basedshore

Thecodebreakforajetty-basedshorecrossingdesignshouldbeatthefirstweldormechanicalconnectorbetweentheriserandthepipelinesectiononthejetty.

NOTE:AS2885.1shouldbeappliedtothepipelinesectiononthejetty.

FIGURE1.5APPLICATIONLIMITS—JETTY-BASEDSHORECROSSINGDESIGN

6APPROVALS

Thelicenseeshallberesponsibleforthesafeoperationofsubmarinepipelinesystems.Thelicenseeshalldetermineandapprovekeyparametersassociatedwiththesubmarinepipelinesystemincludingthefollowing:

(a)Basisofdesign.

(b)Safetyphilosophy(e.g.safetyobjectives,systematicreview).

(c)Riskassessmentandmanagement.

(d)Scopeofvalidation(ifapplicable).

(e)Scopeofverification(ifapplicable).

(f)DeviationsfromtheStandard.

(g)ApplicationsoftheStandardtosectionsofthepipelinesystemthatareoutsidetheintendedscopeoftheStandard.

(h)EstablishmentofthecodebreakbetweenAS2885.1andAS/NZS2885.4asperClause2(ifapplicable).

Thelicenseeshallobtaintheapprovaloftherelevantregulatoryauthoritywhererequiredbylegislation.

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APPENDIXA

INTEGRITYOFPIPELINESATSHORECROSSINGS

(Informative)

A1GENERAL

Specialemphasisshouldbeplacedonthedesignandintegritymanagementofpipelineslocatedwithintheshorecrossingzone.

A2SHORECROSSINGZONEDEFINITION

Theshorecrossingzoneofapipelineshouldbedefinedwiththeonshoreandoffshorebatterylimitsselectedwherethereisadistinctchangeinenvironment.Considerationsforselectingthesebatterylimitsmayinclude,butarenotnecessarilylimitedtothefollowing:

(a)Adistinctonshoretopographyfeature.

(b)Adistinctsubseabathymetryfeature.

(c)Anydistinctgeologicalfeaturesonshoreandoffshore.

(d)Othernaturalenvironmentalfeatures.

(e)Man-madefeatures.

(f)Waterlevelfluctuation(tidalandduringextremestormconditions).

(g)Changesininstallationmethodbetweenonshore,shorecrossingandoffshore.

(h)CodebreaklocationbetweenAS2885.1andAS/NZS2885.4.

A3ENGINEERINGCONSIDERATIONS

Thefollowingdesignandintegrityitemsshouldbeconsideredindetailduringthedesignandoperationalphasesoverandabovethestandardpipelineengineeringconsiderations:

(a)Thepreservationofthenaturalandculturalenvironmentshouldbeanintegralcomponentinthedevelopmentoftheshorecrossingdesignandtheintegritymanagementthereof.

(b)Theshorecrossingdesignshouldconsiderallenvironmentalloadswhichmaybedistinctlydifferentinshorecrossingzonescomparedtoothersectionofthepipelineroute,including,butnotnecessarilylimitedto,hydrodynamicloads,directandindirectloadsandabrasionfromgeomorphicprocesses,loadscausedbydifferentialsettlementofstructuresontowhichthepipelineisfixedorintowhichitishoused.

(c)Abeachvalvemaybeneededattheshorecrossing.Theneedforabeachvalveshouldbesubjecttoaqualitativeriskassessment.

(d)Aprovenandeffectiveanti-corrosioncoatingsystemforthepipelineshouldbeusedinthiszonewithparticularemphasisonthecoatingoranappropriatelydesignedcoatingprotectionsystem'sabilitytowithstandmechanicaldamagelikelytobesustainedbefore,duringorafterconstructionactivitiesandtoavoidlossofadhesionduringoperation.

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(e)Thecorrosionmanagementandcathodicprotectionsystemsintheshorecrossingzoneshouldbedesignedtoprotectthepipelineagainsttheaggressiveexposureandenvironmentinthiszone,whichincludesrepeatedwettinganddryingcycles.

NOTE:Furthermore,itiscommonthatthemarineenvironmentatashorecrossingismoreseverethanmoredistantopenseawaterintermsofhighertemperaturesandhigherlevelsofbiologicalactivity.

(f)Theinterfaceoftheonshoreandoffshorecathodicprotectionsystemsshouldbedesignedtoavoidcurrentdrainfromonesystemtotheotherandthepotentialpassivationofsacrificialanodes.

(g)Theinclusionofatunnelorcasingpipeintheshorecrossingdesign,inwhichthepipelinewillbehoused,requiresspecificattentionregardingitsimpactonthefunctionalityandoperationaltestingofthecathodicprotectionsystem.

(h)Externalinspectionandmonitoringofpipelinesintheshorecrossingzoneisadifficultactivitytoundertake.Nonetheless,aneffectiveandrobustinspectionandmonitoringregimeneedstobedevelopedandimplementedtoensurepipelineintegrityismaintainedoverthefullextentoftheshorecrossingzone.Sucharegimemayincludecathodicprotectionreadingsthattakeintoaccounttheeffectofchangingresistivityinthewet/drytransitionareaorintelligentpigging.

(i)Wheremultiplepipelinescrosstheshoreinthesamevicinity,aparticularfocusofthedesignshouldbetoensureadequatespacing,toavoidinterferencebetweentheircathodicprotectionsystems,andthatbarriersandsafeguardsareinplacetopreventtheescalationofanincidentfromonepipelinetoothers.Suchbarriersmayincludesufficientclearancebetweenadjacentpipelines,sufficientbackfillcoverorappropriatesafeguardingsystemswithintheassociatedprocessplantwithlevelsdeterminedaspartofadocumentedengineeringassessmentorsafetyanalysis.

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