高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)人教版【本講教育信息】一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語(yǔ)法——直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)【具體教學(xué)過(guò)程】觀察下列句子中直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換，試著歸納總結(jié)其變化規(guī)律。1.Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.2.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.3.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.4.“Whatalovelygirl(sheis)!”theysaid.→Theysaidthatshewasalovelygirl.5.“Followme,”shesaidtome.→Shetoldmetofollowher.6.“Canyoulendmeahand?”heasked.→Heaskedmetolendhimahand.7.Hesaid,“Let’sstayheretilltomorrow.”→Hesuggestedthatweshouldstaytheretillthenextday.*直接引述別人的話，叫“直接引語(yǔ)”。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫“間接引語(yǔ)”。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)一般前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)。1.陳述句直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略），從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。在這一方面，漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)有很多相似之處，因此在做直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)時(shí)，要特別注意句子的意義。（1）人稱(chēng)的變化Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”他說(shuō)：“我要去北京?！薄鶫esaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.他說(shuō)他要去北京。Hesaidtome,“IbrokeyourCDplayer.”他對(duì)我說(shuō)：“我把你的播放器摔壞了?！薄鶫etoldmethathehadbrokenmyCDplayer.他告訴我說(shuō)他把我的播放器摔壞了。（2）時(shí)態(tài)的變化如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上要作相應(yīng)的變化。如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則無(wú)需變化。Sheoftensays,“Mr.Liuisanhonestman.”→SheoftensaysthatMr.Liuisanhonestman.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthework.”→Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthework.Hesaid,“I’musingtheknife.”→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.Shesaid,“I’venotheardfromhimsinceMay.”→ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.Shesaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.”→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.注：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(3)指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化Shesaid,“I’llfinishtheworkthismorning.”→Shesaidthatshewouldfinishtheworkthatmorning.(these→those,here→there)Hesaid,“It’snineo’clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.(today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,tomorrow→thenext/followingday)Shesaid,“Heleft30minutesago.”→Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutesbefore.Shesaid,“I’llcomeherethisevening.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.注：如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there，動(dòng)詞come不必改為go。如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，today,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。2.疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)前面），主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。（1）一般疑問(wèn)句：直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked。沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)的，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)（me,him或us等）。如：Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句：直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：“HowcanIhelpher?”heaskedme.→Heasked(me)howhecouldhelpher.3.祈使句轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等動(dòng)詞。另外，在直接引語(yǔ)中的稱(chēng)呼，一般用來(lái)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，其句型是：tell/ask/ordersomeone(not)todosomething.如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：“Don’tsmokeintheroom,”hesaidtome.→Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.注：①轉(zhuǎn)述Let’s開(kāi)頭的表示建議、勸告等含義的祈使句時(shí)，可以用“suggest+that從句”或“suggestdoing”結(jié)構(gòu)。②轉(zhuǎn)述句型“Can/Couldyou…?Will/Wouldyou…”時(shí)，動(dòng)詞多用ask。如：“WouldyouturndownyourTValittle,Mary?”Tomsaidtoher.→TomaskedMarytoturndownherTValittle.4.感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)述感嘆句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：“Whatahotday!”hesaid.→Hesaidthatitwasahotday.即學(xué)即用：1.Sarahtoldmethatshe_____there_____.A.willgo,today B.wouldgo,thenextdayC.isgoing,thefollowingday D.isgoing,tomorrow2.Mye-palinAmericasentane-mailtomeandasked_____inmynewschool.A.howIwasgettingonwithmystudyB.howareyougettingonwithyourstudyC.howamIgettingonwithmystudyD.howwasIgettingonwithmystudy3.Fatherasked______.A.whatwaswrongwithmeB.what’swrongwithmeC.whatwrongwaswithmeD.whatwronghadwithme4.IwonderwhyJenny_____tousrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten5.Hesaidthatmanysoldiersgavetheirlivesinthewar,and_____weshouldalwaysrememberthem.A.thatB.\ C.whenD.which6.Ourmathteachertoldme______withmyclassmatesinclass.A.nottalkB.don’ttalkC.nottalkingD.nottotalk7.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that﹡8.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.which B.that C.what D.who答案：BAAAADACUnit3預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)（一）重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)預(yù)習(xí)：?jiǎn)卧~：consider vt.考慮，照顧，認(rèn)為means n.手段，方法transportation n.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送board vt.上（船、車(chē)、飛機(jī)等）experience n.&vt.體驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)simple adj.簡(jiǎn)單的vacation n.假期，休假nature n.自然，自然界，本性basic adj.基本的 n.基本，要素equipment n.裝備，設(shè)備poisonous adj.有毒的，有害的，惡毒的normal adj.正常的，正規(guī)的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 n.正規(guī)，常態(tài)excitement n.刺激，興奮，激動(dòng)adventurous adj.喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的，充滿危險(xiǎn)的similarity n.類(lèi)似，類(lèi)似處particular adj.特別的，特殊的separate adj.單獨(dú)的，分開(kāi)的 vt.分開(kāi)，隔離combine vt.&vi.（使）聯(lián)合，結(jié)合 短語(yǔ)：toexperiencelife 體驗(yàn)生活getawayfrom… 逃離……be/getcloseto… 接近，靠近watchout(for) 當(dāng)心，注意，提防protectsb./sth.from/against… 保護(hù)……免于……aswith… 正如，正像……gonoaholiday 去度假beoff(to)… 外出（去）……seesb.off 給某人送行say“Hi/Hello”tosb.forme 代我向某人問(wèn)好aswellas… 也，還，而且combine…with… 把……和……結(jié)合起來(lái)ontheotherhand 另一方面（二）觀察下列句子中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用，試著歸納總結(jié)其用法：1.Howareyougettingtotheairport?Isanybodyseeingyouoff?你打算怎么去機(jī)場(chǎng)？有人送你嗎？2.ThepresidentisleavingforavisittoAmericanextmonth.下個(gè)月總統(tǒng)要去訪問(wèn)美國(guó)。3.WearehavinganEnglisheveningtonight.今晚我們要開(kāi)一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。4.HowlongareyoustayinginXi’你將在西安待多久？總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：60分鐘）Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：根據(jù)上句完成下句，使上下句意思相同或相近。1.“Iwillrememberthislessonforever,”saidBob.Bobsaidthat__________remember_____lessonforever.2.SheaskedJohn,“Whereareyougoingforyourholidays?”SheaskedJohn_______________goingfor_____holidays.3.Motheraskedherdaughter,“Haveyoufinishedallthehomework?”Motheraskedherdaughter_______________finishedallthehomework.4.Myfatherasked,“Howcanyousolvetheproblem?”Myfatheraskedme_______________solvetheproblem.5.Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaid________________aroundthesun.6.“Pleasetakeoffyourshoes,”thewaitresssaidtous.Thewaitress_______________takeoff_____shoes.7.“CouldyouturndownyourTValittle?”shesaid.She_____me_____turndown_____TValittle.8.“Don’tbesoproud,Bob,”saidMr.White.Mr.White_____Bob_______________soproud.9.Myfathersaidtome,“Dobecarefulwhenyouwalkacrosstheroad.”Myfathertoldme___________carefulwhen__________acrosstheroad.Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空：1.Yourmothertoldmethatyou_____toseeafilmwithyoursistersyesterday.A.aregoing B.go C.willgo D.went2.Themotheraskedherson______allhise-mails.A.ifhehaschecked B.whetherhehadcheckedC.ifhadhechecked D.thathehadchecked3.Canyoutellme______?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman4.Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey5.Thegirlaskedifthey_____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.took B.take C.takes D.willtake6.Theofficerorderedthisman_____.A.nottomove B.don’tmove C.didn’tmove D.notmoving7.Theycan’tunderstand______quiteanumberofpeoplearegoingabroad.A.that B.as C.why D.when8.Wouldyoupleasetellme_____isgoodattyping?A.that B.who C.whom D.what9.—Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem—Yes,itcouldbe.—Iwonder_____wecandoaboutit.A.if B.how C.what D.that10.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen_____andseehim.A.youwillcome B.willyoucome C.youcome D.doyoucome**Ⅲ.完形填空：WhenPatJonesfinishedcollege,shedecidedtotravelaroundtheworldandseeasmanyforeignplacesasshecould___1__shewasyoung.PatwantedtovisitLatinAmerica___2__,soshegotajob__3___anEnglishteacherinaschoolinBolivia.PatspokealittleSpanish,___4_shewasabletocommunicatewithherstudentsevenwhentheydidn’t__5_muchEnglish.Asentenceshehasreadsomewherestuckinhermind:ifyoudream__6__aforeignlanguage,youhavereallymastered(掌握)it.Patrepeatedthissentencetoherstudentsand__7_thatsomedayshewoulddreaminSpanishandtheywoulddreamin_8_.Oneday,oneofher_9__studentscameupandexplainedinSpanishthathehadnotdonehishomework.Hehad__10_early,andhadslept__11_.“Whatdoesthishavetodowithyour__12__?”P(pán)atasked.“Idreamedallnight,MissJones,andmydreamwasinEnglish!”“InEnglish?”P(pán)atwasvery___13_,sincehewassuchabadstudent.Shewas_14___secretlyjealous(嫉妒的).Her__15__wasstillnotinSpanish.Butsheencouraged(鼓勵(lì))heryoungstudent,“Well,__16__meaboutyourdream.”“Allthepeopleinmydream__17__English,”thestudentsaid.“AndallthesignswereinEnglish.AllthenewspapersandmagazinesandalltheTVprogramswereinEnglish.““That’s___18_,”saidPat.“Whatdidallthepeoplesaytoyou?”“I’msorry,MissJones.That’s__19__Isleptsobadly.Ididn’t__20__awordtheysaid.Itwasanightmare(噩夢(mèng))!”1.A.because B.while C.if D.since2.A.first B.atfirst C.last D.atlast3.A.for B.of C.as D.like4.A.and B.but C.so D.yet5.A.say B.know C.read D.write6.A.in B.about C.of D.for7.A.thought B.realized C.hoped D.wanted8.A.English B.Spanish C.Russian D.German9.A.bright B.excellent C.best D.worst10.A.gotup B.gonetobed C.fallenasleep D.wokenup11.A.well B.soundly C.badly D.heavily12.A.English B.language C.dream D.homework13.A.surprised B.worried C.pleased D.excited14.A.yet B.seldom C.also D.still15.A.study B.class C.work D.dream16.A.answer B.write C.tell D.ask17.A.read B.liked C.spoke D.learned18.A.wonderful B.terrible C.funny D.strange19.A.how B.why C.when D.because20.A.hear B.understand C.know D.rememberⅣ.閱讀理解：﹡（一）AmannamedLiwentonafishingholiday.Fishingwashisfavoritesport,andhehadmanyprizesforfishhehadcaught.Thissummertheweatherwasbeautifulandthefishingwassupposedtobegood,sohedecidedtotravelaroundthecountry,spendingafewdaysfishingineachoftherivers.Unfortunately,hedidn’thavemuchluck,andhecaughtonlyafewsmallfish.Hewasquitedisappointedandwasgoingtogobackhomewhenheheardofalargeriverthatwasfulloffishnearby.Hefoundtheriverquiteeasilyandfolloweditthroughthecountrytoaplacewhereitflowedthrough(流經(jīng))afarm.Hedecidedtoaskthefarmer’spermission(許可)tofishintheriver.“Youhavemypermission,”thefarmersaid,“butyoushouldbecareful.ForyearsIsoppedmykidsfromgoingnearthatriver.”“Istheriverdangerous?”Liasked.“It’snottheriver,”thefarmersaid,“It’sthefish.They’rehuge.They’resobigthatmykidscouldn’tholdthem.”Liwasveryexcited.Allfishermenwanttocatchreallybigfish.“Howbigarethey?”heasked.“Well,”thefarmertoldhim,“l(fā)astweekIlostoneoverthreefeetlong,andyesterdayIlostoneoverfourfeetlong.”“Whatbadluck,”Lisaid.“IhatelosingabigfishonceI’vehooked(鉤住)it.”“Who’stalkingaboutlosingafish?”thefarmersaid.“It’stwoofmykidsthatIlost!”1.Whatdidthefishermanwanttoaskthefarmer?A.Howlongtheriverwas.B.Wherethenearestriverwas.C.Forpermissiontofishintheriver.D.Ifthefarmerhadpermissiontofishintheriver2.Foryearsthefarmerhadstoppedhischildrenfrom______.A.fishingintheriver B.talkingtostrangersC.holdingfish D.goingclosetotheriver3.Liwantto______.A.catchabigfishB.holdthefarmer’skidsC.stopthefarmer’skidsfromdisturbingthefishD.measurethefish4.Whathappenedtothefarmer’stwochildren?A.Theygotlostneartheriver.B.Theywerekilledbythefish.C.Theywerefishing.D.Theywerelate.﹡﹡(二)TheUnitedStatesisfullofcars.Therearestillmanyfamilieswithoutcars,butsomefamilieshavetwoormore.However,carsareusedformorethanpleasure.Theyareanecessarypartoflife.Carsareusedforbusiness.Theyaredriventoofficesandfactoriesbyworkerswhohavenootherwaytogettotheirjobs.Whensalesmenaresenttodifferentpartsofthecity,theyhavetodriveinordertocarrytheirproducts.Farmershavetodriveintothecityinordertogetsupplies.Sometimessmallchildrenmustbedriventoschool.Insomecitiesschoolbusesareusedonlywhenchildrenlivemorethanamileawayfromtheschool.Whenthechildrenaretooyoungtowalktoofar,theirmotherstaketurnsdrivingthemtoschool.On