初三英語語法知識專題復習壹、名詞一、總的來說,名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩類.專有名詞：用來表示某個（些）人、地方、機構(gòu)等專有名稱的詞。如Marx、Beijing、USA等，其中的實詞第一個字母要大寫。如theGreatWall等。二、名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞（個體名詞和集體名詞）:（1）單數(shù)（前加a或an表“一”）;(2)復數(shù)（詞尾加“-s”或“-es”）。其規(guī)則如下：A.規(guī)則變化：（1、以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的，加-es/iz/;如boxes,glasses,watches,brushes等；（2、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i,加-es;如families,babies,countries等；（3以f、fe結(jié)尾的，變f、fe為v,加-es;如knives,wives,halves等；（4、以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的，加-es;如potatoes,tomatoes等，但外來詞和縮寫詞只能加-s,如pianos,kilo(kilogram)—kilos,photo(photograph)——photos.而zero——zeros/zeroes.(5、一般情況加-s,清輔音后發(fā)/s/，如desks,maps等，濁輔音和元音后發(fā)/z/.如apples,holidays,boys。但houses/′hauziz/,mouths/mauz/.B.不規(guī)則變化（childchildrenmanmenwomanwomenpolicemanpolicemenfoot—feettoothteethmousemice）（復數(shù)名詞:peoplepoliceshoespublicclothes）單數(shù)、復數(shù)形式相同的：sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese等。國家人民語言AmericaAmericanEnglishEnglandEnglishmanEnglishFranceFrenchmanFrenchGermanyGermanGermanJapanJapaneseJapaneseChinaChineseChineseCanadaCanadianEnglish,French表示民族、國家的名詞，除Chinese,Japanese的復數(shù)不變，Englishman,Frenchman的復數(shù)變-man為-men外，其余的均在詞尾加-s.如Americans,Germans,Russians,Australians(附某國、某國人、某國語言的詞形聯(lián)系表).→→→→→→→(3、復合名詞復數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法①在中心詞上加-s或-es,如：pencil-boxes.②在第二個組成部分上加-s或-es,如：boy-friends,tooth-brushes等.③含性別的復合詞，兩部分都變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)，如：man-teache—men-teachers,woman-driver——women-drivers.2、不可數(shù)名詞（抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞）：不能以數(shù)目來計算的名詞。如water,meat,rice,air,food,time,work,bread等等。它們只有單數(shù)形式，不能在前面加a(an)或數(shù)詞來表示一個或幾個。只能用“of詞組”來表達。如“五塊肉”fivepiecesofmeat，“三袋小麥”threebagsofwheat，“四則新聞”fourpiecesofnews.3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：如：chicken,c“小雞”，u“雞肉”；fish,c“魚”，u“魚肉”，orange,c“橘子”，u“橙汁”，paper,c“試卷、論文”，u“紙張”，time,c“次數(shù)”，u“時間”等等。三、名詞的所有格（含義“……的”）1、基本構(gòu)成方法：(1)以s結(jié)尾的名詞，其所有格只加“′”。如thestudents’teacherthetwins’bedroom.但以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，也可在詞尾加“′s”。如Ross’sbag.(2)其他情況加“’s”。如：Jane’sfather，Women’sDay2、其他規(guī)則：（1）并列名詞的所有格：①共同所有,只需在最后一個名詞詞尾加-’s,如：KateandJoan’sroom.②分別所有，則在每個名詞詞尾加-’s,如Kate’sandJoan’s.（2）表示無生命的事物名詞，一般用of表示所屬關系。如:themapofChina,thelegsofthetable.（3）雙重所有格：①用of結(jié)構(gòu)與名詞所有格-’s結(jié)合構(gòu)成雙重所有格：afriendofmyfather’s,onebookofhisbrother’s.②用of結(jié)構(gòu)加名詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格：apenofmine,aneighbourofhis.（4）表示時間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞常用-’s形式：anhour’swalk,yesterday’news,China’spopulation,twentyminutes’walk.（5）可用-’s表示店鋪、某人家：theGreens’,myuncle’s.典例1.Thisis____news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.suchgood（）2._____knowledgeofspacedevelopsveryquickly.A.People’sB.Man’sC.Men’s（）3.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty_____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.was/wereB.was/wasC.were/were（）4.“Wouldyoulike___?”“____,please.”A.adrink/AcoffeeB.drink/AcupofcoffeeC.acupdrink/Acupcoffee（）5.Twothirdsofthework____done.A.areB.isC.have（）6.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.isB.haveC.are（）7.Sheistheonlyoneofthe____writerswho_____storiesforchildren.A.woman/writesB.women/writesC.women/write（）8.Imethimat_____.A.Mr.Green’sB.theGreensC.Greens’（）9.Playingfootballis_____.A.agreatfunB.greatfunsC.greatfun（）10.Thesheeponthehill_____theirs.Theyareallwhite.A.isB.wasC.are提高訓練一、用所給名詞的正確形式填空：1.Myshirtismuchcheaperthan________.(John)2.Thegirlinredis______________(TomandKate)3.The_________(Brown)arewatchingTVnow.4.Ourschoolisaboutten__________(minute)walk.5.March8is_______________(womanday).6.Whowonthe_________(boy)400-_______(meter)race?7.Thisis___________(today)newspaper.8.Therearetwenty-five_________(man)workersinmyfactory.9.Ilike___________(chicken)verymuch.They’relovely.SoInevereat_________(chicken).10.Althoughheisathirty-___________(yearold)man,youcanseefew________(hair)onthehead.二、根據(jù)括號中的漢語完成句子。1.Sueisafriendofhers.(她的一個朋友).2.Pleasepassme________________(三張報紙).3.Theshopsells________________(兒童圖書).4.Thisis______(房間的鑰匙).5._____兩位男同學)arefromHongkong.6.Thatisa___(兩百米長的)bridge.7.Sheisthefirstin______________(女子100米賽跑).8.Whatcolourare____________(莉莉和露西的裙子).9.Youcansee___________________(兩張中國地圖)onthewall________________(他們教室).10._____________________(女士服裝)becomemoreandmorebeautiful.三、下列句子均有錯誤,請劃出并改正.1.Tom’sbikeisbetterthanmybrother.___2.Threraremanyphotoesintheroom._________3.Hedranktwoglassofmilkthatmorning.________4.Fiveminute’swalkisnotsofar._________4.Thereistwopiecesofbreadontheplate._________貳、冠詞一、冠詞的種類：不定冠詞a(an),定冠詞the。冠詞不能單獨使用，必須置于名詞前。二、不定冠詞的用法：一般用于單數(shù)名詞前，表泛指。其中a用于讀音以輔音開頭的詞前，an用于讀音以元音開頭的詞前。如:abasketball,auniversity,anhour,anapple.AeIoau/ju:/哎喲AEuropeanperson1、表示第一次提到的人或物。如：(1)Iboughtanewbook.(2)Hemetanoldwomanonthewaytoschool.2、表示人或物的某一類。如：(1)I’maboy.(2)Wouldyoulikeanorange?3、表示數(shù)量“一”，但沒有one強。如：(1)Shehasapencil.(側(cè)重pencil,而非其他物品)(2)Shehasonepencil.(側(cè)重數(shù)量“一支”，而非“兩支、三支”)4、表示“每一”，相當于every。如：Theygotoseetheoldmanonceaweek.5、用于帶修飾的抽象名詞之前，表示“一種”。如：That’sagreatsurprisetoher.6、指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人、何物。如：Aboyiswaitingforyou.7、用于固定搭配詞組中。如：alotof,alittle,apieceof.三、定冠詞的用法：定冠詞在單復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可使用，表特指，有“this/that或these/those”之意。1、特指某人或某物。Themanunderthetreeishisfather.指上文提到過的人或物。Iboughtanewbookyesterday.Thebookisveryuseful.指說話雙方都提到過的人或物。A:Whereisthedirtysock,Tom?B:It’sonthebed,mum.表示世界上獨一無二的事物。thesun,themoon,theearth.5、用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前。(1)Heisthetallestboyinourclass.B(2)ThefirstlessonisaboutEnglishname.Afourthone.無范圍Thefourthone.有范圍用于姓氏復數(shù)前，表“……一家人”。theBlacks,theWangs.7、用于單數(shù)名詞前，表一類人或物。Thehorseisausefulanimal.8、用于固定搭配中：inthemorning,allthesame,ontheright.9、用于專有名詞前。theGreatWall,theWhiteHouse.四、零冠詞（不用冠詞）1、三餐、球類、學科、語言前。(1)IhavesupperatschoolfromMondaytoFriday.(2)Mathsisveryimportant.2、季節(jié)、星期、月份、節(jié)日前。Inspring,onSunday,inSeptember,Women’sDay.3、專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前。Japan,milk,music.4、名詞前已有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞作修飾語時。(1)Comethisway.(2)Mybookishere.5、復數(shù)名詞表泛指時。They’restudents,andwe’reworkers.6、在固定搭配中。onfoot,athome/work/play,gotoschool,atnight,atsea,inhospital.典例（）1.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay____basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填（）2.What___fineweatherwehavethesedays!A.aB.theC.不填D.an（）3.That’s___usefulbook.Ihavereaditalready.A.theB.anC.不填D.a（）4.Thisis__songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit__beautifulone?A.the/theB.a/aC.the/aD.a/the（）5.—Didyoudowellin__Englishexam?—Yes,Igot_“A”.A.the/anB.an/theC.a/不填D.the/a（）6.—WhatcanIdoforyou,madam?—Iwant___orangeskirtformydaughter.Haveyougotany?A.anB.theC.aD.不填（）7.Passme___dictionarynexttotheradio,andIalsoneed____pentotakesomenotes.A.a/aB.the/theC.a/theD.the/a（）8.—CanIhelpyou,madam?—I’mlookingfor__pairofshoesformydaughter.A.theB.anC.aD.some（）9.Mr.Smithalwaysgivesme___handwhenIamintrouble.A.aB.anC.theD.不填（）10.—WhereisXiaoMing?—He’shaving___restoverthere.A.aB.anC.theD.不填基礎訓練（）1.____Englishisnothardtolearn.A.AB.TheC.AnD.×（）2._____GreenswillmovetoShanghai.A.TheB.AC.×D.An（）3.Therearetwenty-fourhoursin____day.A.theB.×C.aD.an（）4.Englishis___usefullanguage.A.anB.aC.×D.the（）5.Tomis___honestboy.A.theB.aC.anD.×（）6.__cuponthetableis___oldone.A.The/anB.The/aC.A/anD.A/the（）7.Youwillfind______storyon_____eighthpage.A.×/theB.the/anC.a/theD.a/an（）8._____richarenotalwayshappy.A.TheB.AC.AnD.×（）9.______moreheeats,_____fatterhegets.A.The/aB.The/theC.A/anD.A/the（）10.Tom’sgoingtoNanjingby_____train.A.aB.anC.theD.×（）11.Wehave_____supperathalfpastfive.A.×B.aC.anD.the（）12.____oldmanhadtwochildren,_____sonand____daughter.A.An/the/theB.A/a//aC.The/the/theD.The/a/a（）13.Bothofthemjoin____Leaguein1998.Theyhavebeen_____Leaguemembersfor4years.A.×/×B.the/×C.the/theD.a/the（）14.March8this_____.A.Women’sDayB.theWomen’sDayC.aWomen’sDayD.Women’sDay（）15.Heisnowstudying_____historyof______Partyin____university.A.×/the/aB.the/the/anC.×/×/anD.the/the/a（）16.WangFeilikesswimmingin_____summer.A.aB.theC.×D.an提高訓練（完成句子，不必要填的地方劃斜線）1.長城橫臥在我國的北方。_____GreatWalllies____________northofourcountry.2.大部分中國人都喜歡火鍋。_____mostChineselike________hotpot.3.這是一個關于植樹的非常有趣的故事。Thisis_____________storyabout____plantingtrees.4.王先生一家人正坐在桌邊吃晚飯。_______________arehaving____supperattable.5.等一等，天在下雨，把傘帶上。Wait______minute.It’sraining.Take______umbrella.6.他們匆匆忙忙把受傷的人送到醫(yī)院。Theysent______woundedto_____hospitalin_____hurry.7.快點！時間到了，把卷子交上來吧。__________!_____timeisup.___________yourpapers.8.躺著看書對眼睛不好。Reading_______________isbadforyoureyes.9.時間就是金錢，而金錢難買時間。_____timeis_____money.But____moneycan’tbuy____time.10.對不起，請再說一遍，好嗎？Ibegyourpardon.______you______sayit______secondtime?叁、代詞人稱代詞人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單、復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem物主代詞:有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種形式。形容詞性物主代詞在句中相當于一個形容詞，置于名詞之前作定語，即“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”；名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，即為“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。在句中可作主語、賓語、表語。如：Thisbookismine.(mine=mybook)數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單、復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)形容詞性myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代詞:(含義：“……自己，……親自，……本人”)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。在句中，常作主語、表語、賓語和同位語。（enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimeteachoneself=learnbyoneselfhelponeselfto…）單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves如：(1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.(賓語)(2)Hehimselfwentthere.(同位語)不定代詞:不指明特定的人或事物的代詞。不定代詞有：some,any,no,every,all,both,either,neither,each,none,little,alittle,few,afew,another,other,others,many,much等，以及由someanyeverynoonethingbody組成的復合不定代詞。常見不定代詞的用法：some和any:均可作主語、賓語、定語，且指三個或三個以上。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句、疑問句中。如：①There’ssomewaterintheglass.②Hedoesn’thaveanymistakesinhisEnglishpaper.但：①MayIaskyousomequestions?(表已知存在)②Anyofyoucananswerit.(“任一”)③DoesanyofyouknowMr.Liu?(“任一”)2、few,afew,little,alittle:few,afew均與可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)連用，little,alittle與不可數(shù)名詞連用；few,little表否定，“幾乎沒有”，afew和alittle表肯定，“有一點”。如：①Therearefewpeopleinthestation.②Youhavelittletimetodoyourworknow.③There’reafewapplesandalittlemeatinthefridge.注意:afew=several/somealittle=some/abitof3、all,both,none和neither:all和none,both和neither分別是一組反義詞。all,none表示三個及其以上，both,neither表示兩者。(1)both用于兩者之間，all用于三者以上。①Allofusarestudyinghard.(主語)②Allbooksareuseful.(定語)③Welikeboth.(賓語)注意：A.all,both,each和every等與not連用表部分否定，完全否定分別用neither和none.如:①Notbothofthemareworkers.②Noneofthestoriesis(are)interesting.③Noteveryoneofusknowhowtoanswerthequestion.B.both,each用于兩者，both+復數(shù)名詞，each+單數(shù)名詞。all,every用于三個及三個以上，every不能與of.（all/each/bothof+…every+one+of）C.each和every:each可作代詞、形容詞，可作主語、賓語、定語；every是形容詞，作定語。如：①Everyoneofusishere.②Eachofushasgotabook..③Ilikeeachofthem.④Therearetreeseachsideofthestreet.(2)noone和none:noone作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，none作主語時，謂語動詞的形式由none所代替的名詞的數(shù)來決定。單復數(shù)都可以。4、many和much:many用于修飾和代替可數(shù)名詞，..much用于修飾和代替不可數(shù)名詞?！皌oomany+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式”,“toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞”，“muchtoo=very”。注意:many=alotof/lotsof/anumberofmuch=alotof/lotsof5、復合不定代詞something,anything,nothing等的定語要后置。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.6、another,other,theother和theothers:other用于表示兩個（部分）中的“另一個（部分）”，theother特指兩個中“另一個”，常構(gòu)成“one…theother…”結(jié)構(gòu)。theothers指“其余全部”，another用于表示三個或三個以上的多數(shù)中的“另一個”。如：(2)Hehastwosisters.Oneisadoctor,——isanurse.(4)There’re55studentsinmyclass..25aregirls,——areboys.注意:one指代前文出現(xiàn)過的名詞，其復數(shù)形式是ones.如：Shehasgotawashingmachine.Iwanttobuyone,too.7、either、neithereither:(1)作代詞，“二者之一，任何一個”。如：①Herearetwopens.Youmayuseeitherofthem.Eitherisgood.②Eitherwilldo.(隨便哪個都行)③Is(Are)eitheroftheboysready?(2)作形容詞，“（二者之中）任何一個”。如：①Youmaysitateithersideofthedesk.②Therearemanytreesoneithersideoftheroad.(3)作連詞,常構(gòu)成“either…or…”,作主語時,謂語動詞由or后面的人稱和數(shù)決定。如：①Eithermybrothersormyfatheriscoming.②Eitherheoryouarewrong.(4)作副詞，“也”用于否定句，如：①Hedidn’tgoswimming,either.②Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish,andIdon’tlikeEnglish,either.注意;肯定式:also（句中）/too（句末）neither:(1)作代詞，“二者都不”。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：①Neitherisgood.(=Botharebad.)②Neitherofthebooksisinteresting.(2)作形容詞，“（兩者）都不”，與單數(shù)名詞連用。如：Neitheranswerisright.(3)作連詞，常構(gòu)成“neither…nor…”,作主語時,謂語動詞由nor后面的人稱和數(shù)決定。①Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherisgoingtoworkonthefarm.②NeithershenorIamgoingtospeakatthemeeting.注意:neither…nor…反意→both…and…指示代詞：this,that,these,those均可作主語、賓語、定語。注意:（1）在比較狀語從句中常用that來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞;用those代替復數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞.eg.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan__that_ofRussia.(2）it也可作指示代詞.Eg（）－AlatestEnglishnewspaper,please!－Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave___,Sir?A.it（指代前面出現(xiàn)的同一名詞）B.one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的同種物或人中的一個）C.thisD.that疑問代詞：表示疑問。一般用于疑問句或名詞性從句。有：who,whom,whose,what,which等。有時也作連接代詞，連接主句和從句，并充當從句的句子成分。如：①Whichdoyoulike,teaorcoffee?②Idon’tknowwhosethebookis.典例（）1.Mary,pleaseshow___yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me（）2.Thisisn’t____pencilcase.Ileftmineathome.A.myB.meC.ID.myself（）3.MerryChristmas,George!Hereisacardfor___with___bestwishes.A.you/ourB.us/yourC.you/yourD.us/our（）4.DoyouknowtheboysittingbetweenPeterand____?A.sheB.IC.hisD.me（）5.—Whichdoyouprefer,Coffeeormilk?—___ofthem.Ilikesomecoca-cola.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.None基礎訓練（）1.Ifyouhavenodictionaryhere,youcanuse_____.A.myB.hisC.herD.their（）3.It’sverykind____tohelpus____thework.A.ofyou/inB.forher/atC.foryou/toD.ofhim/with（）4.Herparentswenttherewithafriendof_____.A.themB.theirsC.theyD.themselves（）9.Theseplantsarewatered____.A.eachotherdayB.everyotherdayC.eachoftwodaysD.everyoftwodays（）14.Is____necessarytocompletetheworkbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he（）16.Theoldmanhastwosons,____ofthemisaworker.Oneisasoldier,____isadoctor.A.Both/theotherB.Either/otherC.Neither/theotherD.None/another肆、數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞：表數(shù)目的詞?；鶖?shù)詞1～12one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.基數(shù)詞13～19thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.基數(shù)詞20、30…90twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety.非整十基數(shù)詞21～99twenty-three,ninety-nine,fifty-eight,forty-four等三位數(shù)以上的，在百位和十位之間加andthreehundredandthirty-three，onehundredandone英語中沒有“萬位”，要借助“百、千”來表示fivehundredthousand注：1、帶數(shù)名詞的詞組作定語時，數(shù)詞后的名詞應用單數(shù)。如：atwo-monthbaby,afive-poundticket,a108book等。2、時間表達法：（1）直接表達法：按順序先說鐘點，后說分鐘。（2）“過、差、半”表達法：①過：指分鐘數(shù)不到30分鐘時，用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示，如：fivepastseven.②差：指分鐘數(shù)超過30分鐘，用“所差分鐘數(shù)+to+(鐘點數(shù)+1)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：5：45(fifteentosix或aquartertosix).③半：指剛好30分鐘，用“half+past+鐘點”表示。如：halfpasttwelve3.（1）具體數(shù)字：five/sixhundred/thousand/…（2）不確切的數(shù)目：hundreds/thousands/billionsof二、序數(shù)詞：表順序的詞。序數(shù)詞第1～第3first,second,third(1st,2nd,3rd)序數(shù)詞第4～第19fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth(4th～19th)序數(shù)詞第20～第90（整十）twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth(20th～90th)非整十序數(shù)詞21～99twenty-first(21st),ninety-second(92nd),fifty-third(53rd),ninety-ninth(99th)等第一百a(one)hundredth注：1、序數(shù)詞與名詞連用時，前面要用定冠詞the

或形容詞性物主代詞，而且名詞只用單數(shù)。如：thefourthbus,mysecondholiday.2、編號的表達：(1)既可用基數(shù)詞，又可用序數(shù)詞，但詞序不同。如：LessonNine(=theninthlesson),Page50(=thefiftiethpage),(2)有的編號習慣上用基數(shù)詞。如：Room321(讀作roomthreetwoone)。3、日期表達法：年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。如：May1(st),1988(讀作Maythefirst,nineteeneighty-eight)或1(st),May,1988(讀作thefirstofMay,nineteeneighty-eight)。4、分數(shù)表達法：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。若分子大于1，分母應加-s。如：3/5(threefifths)（）2.Theboyalwaysstaysherefor____.A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandhalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandahalfhours（）3.EverymorningMrSmithtakesa___tohisoffice.A.20minuteswalkB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20minutes’walk（）7.Thatroadisabout___.A.ten-metres-longB.ten-meter-longC.tenmeterslong/wide/deep./tallD.tenmeterlong（）8.Thereare___peopleontheplayground.A.thousandB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.twothousands（）9.Kittyhasread____ofthebookA.twothreB.secondthreeC.twothirdsD.twothird基礎訓練（）1.____isthemostdifficultinthisbookA.LessonSecondB.TheSecondLessonC.SecondLessonD..TheLessonTwo（）2.—What’stwelveminusnine?—It’s_______.A.threeB.twenty-oneC.fifteenD.eleven（）3.276is___.A.twohundredandseventy-sixthB.twohundredsandseventy-sixC.twohundredandseventy-sixD.twohundredsevensix提高訓練一、完成句子：1.Hisfamilyhas______________(數(shù)百只羊)。2._____________(三分之二)ofthewaterwasusedtowatertheyoungtrees.3.IstayedinBeijingfor______________(三個半月)lastyear.4.That’s_________________(六歲大的)boy.5.EverymorningMrSmithtakesa________________(20分鐘步行)tohisoffice.6.__________(四分之一)ofthevisitorswentintothetallbuilding.7.___________(第一個)manfromtheearthgottothemoonin___________________(20世紀70年代)。8.Thereare_____________(十瓶橙汁)inthefridge.9.____________(第三十)studentcomesfromCanada.10.Shewillpay_____________(第四次)visittotheSummerPalace.二、選擇：（）1.Whatwasthepriceofthemostexpensivecarin________century?A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty（）2.—Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?—Pleasegoto_______.A.the102GateB.theGate102C.Gate102（）3.Twocamerasaren’tenough.Whynotbuy______one?It’sworthit.A.thethirdB.athirdC.thirdD.onethird（）4.—What’sthemeaningfor1900hoursintheinstructionfortheSmiths’trip?—________.A.NineteenhoursB.NineteenthhoursC.Seveno’clockinthemorningD.Seveno’clockintheevening（）5.________oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred,________ofthemarewomenworkers.A.Thenumber/firstthirdB.Thenumber/onethirdC.Anumber/halfD.Anumber/threequarters（）6.MallorytriedtoreachthetopofMountA.inthe1920sB.in1920sC.in1920’sD.inthe1920（）7.LiuMeiis____herclass.A.thesecondbestgirlsB.thebestsecondgirlsC.thesecondbestgirlD.thebestsecondgirl伍、介詞常見介詞分類1、表示時間：in,at,on,between,since,for,during,until,till,by,after,from…to…,before,past,behind.2、表示方位：in,at,on,between,behind,beside,near,under,above,around,before,below,inside,nextto,among,over,infrontof,round.地點介詞：（1）at+小地點（2）in位于某地境內(nèi)ChangshaliesinthenorthofHuan。（3）on與某地接壤HubeiliesonthenorthofHuan。（4）to位于某地的某一方位，但兩地互不相連HebeiliestothenorthofHuan。3、表示運動方向：to,towards,round,around,through,across,from…to…,into,onto,outof,off,along.Alone4、其他介詞：by,to,like,unlike,of,except,about,against,in,with,but,as,plus,minus,without.部分常見介詞用法1、in,on,at表示時間的用法區(qū)別(1)in用于表示“在（一段時間）內(nèi)、（將來時中）……之后”，如：inthemorning,inSeptember,inspring.We’llmeetinBeijinginthreedays.(2)at表示“時刻、時段”，如：Atthistime,themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iusuallygetupatsixo’clock.(3)on表示“具體某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上”，如：①TheyarrivedearlyonaTuesdaymorning.②We’llhaveapartyonChristmasEve.ThenewschoolyearusuallycomesonSeptember1.2、in的其他用法(1)在（某范圍或空間）之內(nèi)：intheclassroom,intheopenair,inLessonOne.Thewildanimalsareindanger.(2)以……，用……（方法）：Theyfinishedthehardworkintimeinthisway.(3)在……方面：—Areyouinterestedinplayingbasketball?—Yes.ButIcan’tdowellinit.(4)用……（語言）：What’sthisinChinese?(5)表示穿戴：Whoisthegirlinadress/red;inahurry,infrontof,infact,infront,intheend,intheair,inbed,introuble,3、at(1)在某地（小地點、場合）：We’llmeetattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.(2)向（表示方向、目標）：laughat,pointat,knockat,lookat,shoutat.(3)處于（狀態(tài)），進行（活動）：atwork,atschool,athome,attable.(4)固定搭配：atfirst,attheendof,atlast,atall,atleast,attheageof,atthebeginningof,atthesametime,attimes,atonce,begoodat.4.on(1)在……上：There’sabeautifulpictureontheblackboard.Ontopof,onTV,onthedesk.(2)表示處于某種狀態(tài)：onshow/display,onduty,onbusiness,onwatch.(3)關于（理論研究）：①Wehadatalkontheenvironment.②IsthereanybookonEnglishstudy?(4)固定搭配：ontime,ontheleft/right,onearth,到底究竟ononehand,ontheotherhand,onfoot,onone’sway(to),playajokeon,feedon,liveon,bebasedon,geton,puton,turnon,operateon.Ontheearth.Whatareyoulookingfor?5.above,over,on(1)above“在……上方”（位置高出）；（程度、狀態(tài)、水平等）超過（與below相反）：①There’samapofChinaMaoabovetheblackboard.②Today’stemperatureisabove35inChengdu.(2)over“在……（垂直）上方”（與相對物體由凌空感，與under相反）；跨越；遍及：①Manyplanesflyoverourtowneveryday.②There’rethreebridgesovertheriver.③Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(3)on“在……上面”（有接觸面）：Thereisaglassofmilkonthetable.6.with1)和（同、與）……一起（表伴隨）：Iwenttothezoowithmygrandpalastweekend.Shegoeshomeeveryyearwithherparents.(2)帶有、具有：I’dlikeChineseteawithnothinginit.Themooncakeswithnutsandeggsaremoredelicious.(3)以……，用……（表示手段及方法）：①Withthemoneyheboughtthingsforhislab.②Youcanwritedowntheimportantthingswiththepenandthenotebook.(4)固定搭配：agreewith,beangrywith,bebusywith,befilledwith,befedupwith,厭煩becoveredwith,catchupwith,comeupwith,dowith,geton(well)with,helpwith,playwith,quarrelwith,talkwith,bestrictwith.7.for(1)表動作方向，“向、往”：—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—He’snotin.HehasleftforShanghai.Leavefor:goto(2)表原因，“因為”：①Thankyouforyourhelp.②Sichuanisfamousforpandas.(3)表目的，“為”：Theyfoughtforthefreedom.(4)表一段時間或距離，“計、達”：We’veknowneachotherforthreeyears.(5)表“給、供”：①TheflowersareforourEnglishteacher.②Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.(6)固定搭配：payfor,begoodfor,lookfor,sendfor,派人去叫waitfor,get/bereadyfor,makeroomfor,forever,forexample,askfor,belatefor.8.to(1)表方向，“到、向、去”：①CouldyouIgettothestation?②HowcanIgettothestation?(2)表時間，“到（某時間）”：①SpringinChinalastsfromFebruarytoApril.②It’stentofournow.(3)表對象，“向、為、對、給（某人、某物）”：PleasegiveittoMsSmart.Buysthforsb(4)固定搭配：thanksto,由于nextto,preferto,saygoodbyeto,listento,toone’ssurprise,cometooneself,pointto,helponeselfto,writeto,getto.9.by(1)靠近，在……旁邊：①Thegirloftenreadbythewindow.②Thereisn’tenoughlandbythesea.(2)到……時間為止：Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedEnglishfortwoyears.(3)乘坐（交通工具），用（手段、方法）：MostofthepeopleinChengdugotoworkbybike.(4)被（用于被動語態(tài)）：Whichlanguageisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld?(5)固定搭配：bytheway,byoneself,meanby,onebyone.10.表“除了”：but,except和besides(1)but和except用法相近，都表示“除了……外”，除去的部分不包含在范圍之內(nèi)。如：①Exceptmyfather,noneofthemcameontime.②Allbutnoneofthemdidn’tcomeontime.(2)besides用來表示“包括”“除了……還有……”。如：Besidesmymother,myfatherandunclecametomynewofficeyesterday.11.其他常見的介詞短語(1)“動詞（+副詞）+介詞”：arriveat/in,comefrom,dowellin,feellikedoing,getoutof,getinto,hearof,hearfrom,knockinto,looklike,bemadeof,bemadefrom/in/by,lookup,prefer…to…,talkabout,beusedfor,takecareof,turninto，spend…（in）doingsth，spendonsth，helpsbwithsth，thanksto.puton，writedown，takeoff，turndown/up，wakeup。(2)“動詞+表語+介詞”：beafraidof,beangrywith,beawayfrom,bebadfor,bedifferentfrom,befullof,besureof,besurprisedat，befilledwith，(3)其他固定介詞短語：abitof,alittleof,alotof,anumberof,apieceof,akindof,atthenewsof,allbyoneself,allkindsof,bytheway,ofcourse.典例（）1.Weheldaparty___thenightofMay1st.__thatnight,weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.A.at/AtB.in/AtC.on/InD.at/In（）3.___thebadweather,themountainclimbersfailed.A.ThankstoB.ThanksforC.BecauseofD.for（）4.TheforeignershadavisittoJiuzhaigou____acar.A.byB.onC.withD.in（）5.Comehere!Thereisayellowbird______thetree.A.inB.onC.withD.of（）10.I’msurehewillgethere______fiveminutes.A.inB.afterC.forD.since基礎訓練（）1.Heneedsanewpentowrite_________.A./B.onC.downD.with（）3.Theteacherwillbeback________anhour.A.inB.afterC.onD.above（）8.Afterthegame,theteachersaid,“___you!”A.CongratulationstoB.CongratulationsonC.CongratulatestoD.Congratulateson（）13.IshallbuyaTVset_____themoneyyougaveme.A.inB.byC.withD.for陸、連詞并列連詞（常見的有：添加連詞and,both…and…,notonly…butalso…；選擇連詞or,either…or…,neither…nor…；轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but,yet；因果連詞for（不能放在句首）,so等。）1.and的基本用法：(1)連接對等成分，當對等成分為3個及以上時，前面的并列成分間用“，”隔開，后兩項間用“and”連接。如：LucyandLilyareinthesameclass.朗讀②Shequicklycookedthesupperandcleanedthehouse.③Iliketennis,golf,basketballandfootball.(2)連接兩個相同的詞，表示強調(diào)。①Thebabylaughedandlaughed.②Theweatherbecamehotterandhotter.(3)前一個祈使句（相當于一個條件從句），后一個分句表示結(jié)果時，用and連接.eg.Givemeonemoreminute,andI’llbeabletofinishit.2.but：表轉(zhuǎn)折，不能與although(though)連用。如：Hishomeisfarfromschool,butheisneverlateforschool.=Thoughhishomeisfarfromschool,heisneverlateforschool.3.or的基本用法：(1)連接對等成分，表選擇，“或”；在否定句中，當要同時否定兩個并列成分且共用一個否定詞時用or連接，如用and連接,則要重復使用否定詞。①Isyourfriendaboyorgirl?②Weoftenhavemilkoreggsforbreakfast.③Aclockhasnoeyesorears.=Aclockhasnoeyesandnoears.(2)連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最接近的主語保持一致。如：①Youorhehastakenmybike.②Haveyouorhetakenmybike?(3)前一句是祈使句，后一句與前一句意義轉(zhuǎn)折，“否則”：Bequiet,oryoucan’thearmeclearly.4.so：表結(jié)果，“因此，所以”，不與because連用。如：Theweatherisverygood,sowecanhaveour