匯報人：XX2024-02-05中考英語語法考點總結(jié)目錄WordsandPhrasesSentencestructureandcomponentsVerbnonfineformSubjunctivemoodSubjectverbconsistencyissue01WordsandPhrasesNouns01Understandingthetypesofnouns(common,property,abstract,collective),theirgenders(masculinine,feminine,neuter),andnumbers(singular,plural)Articles02Masteringtheuseofdefine("the")anddefinearticles("a","an"),aswellaswhentoomitarticlesPositions03RecognizingandformingpositionnounsandpronounscorrectlyUsageofNounsandArticlesGrassingthebasictensionssuchaspresentsimple,presentcontinuous,pastsimple,pastcontinuous,futuresimple,andfuturecontinuousTensesUnderstandingthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevoices,andbeingabletotransformsensesbetweenthetwoVoicesKnowingthemeaningsandusesofmodalverbslike"can","could","may","right","must","shall","should","will","would"ModalverbsAnalysisofVerbTenseandVoiceFormationUnderstandinghowtoformcomparisonsandsuperlativescorrectly,bothwithandwithoutusing"more"or"most"UsageKnowingwhentousecomparisonsandsuperlativesinsenses,andunderstandingthedifferencebetween"as...as"and"notas/so...as"structuresCommonerrorsAvoidingcommonerrorslikeusing"morebetter"or"mostbest"ComparativeandsuperiorobjectionsandadvertisementsPositions,connections,andfixedsettlementsLearningcommonfixedphrasesandexpressionsthatareusedinEnglish,andunderstandingthattheycannotbetranslatedliterallyintootherlanguagesFixedsettlementsMasteringawiderangeofpositionsandtheiruses,specificallythosethatarecommonlyfused(e.g.,"in"vs."on","at"vs."in")PositionsUnderstandingthedifferenttypesofconnections(coordinating,coordinating,correlating)andtheirfunctionsinsensesConnections"It":Understandingthedifferentusesof"it"asapronoun(e.g.,referringtoanearliermentionednounoridea,orusingitinfixedexpressionslike"itistraining")"One":Grassingtheuseof"one"asapronountorefertoapersonorsomethingpreviouslymentioned,andunderstandingitsuseincomparisons(e.g.,"oneshouldalwaysstrivetodoone'sbest")"That"and"which":Distinguishingbetweentheusesof"that"and"which"inrelevantclauses,andunderstandingthat"that"isoftenusedinrestrictiveclauseswhile"which"isusedinnonrestrictiveclausesAvoidingcommonerrors:Beingawareofcommonpronounerrorslikeusing"it's"insteadof"its"orfusing"who"and"who"Theusageofpronounssuchasit,one,that,andthat02Sentencestructureandcomponents0102SubjectVerb(SV)ThesimplepresencestructurewithjustasubjectandaverbSubjectVer…AcommonsensestructurewherethesubjectperformsanactiononanobjectSubjectVer…AstructurewhereanadvisoryphraseorclausemodifiestheverbSubjectVer…Thecompletionofthemeaningofthesubject,oftendescribingitsstateorqualitySubjectVer…Acomplexpresencestructurewherebothanobjectandacompletionarepresent030405FiveBasicSentencePatternsforSimpleSentencesSentencesjoinedbycoordinatingconnections(and,but,or)withoutchangingthegraphicalstructureofeitherclauseCoordinatedSentencesSentencesjoinedbysubcoordinatingconnections(because,how,while)creatingadependentandanindependentclausewithdifferentgraphicalfunctionsCompoundSentencesRecognitionofCoordinatedandCompoundSentencesPurposeWordslikeinorderto,sothatindicatespurposeorintentionConditionWordslikeif,lessindicatingconditionsCauseWordslikebecause,since,asindicatingreasonorcauseTimeWordslikewhen,while,after,beforeindicatingtimerelationshipsPlaceWordslikewhereindicatinglocationAdverbialclauseguidewordsandtheirfunctionsObjectclausestatementwordorderandtenseObjectclausesfollowthesamewordorderasdeclarativeintentions(SubjectVerbObject)WordOrderThetenseoftheverbinanobjectclassdependsonthemainverbinthemainclauseIfthemainverbisinthepresentorfuturetense,theverbintheobjectclausecanbeinanytenseIfthemainverbisinthepasttense,theverbintheobjectclausemustbeinacorrespondingpasttenseTenseRelativePronounsWho,who,who,who,which,thatareusedtointroducerelevantclausesandreferbacktonounsorpronounsinthemainclauseRelativeAdvantageousWhere,when,whyareweusingtointroduceadvertisingrelatedclausesandreferbacktoadvertisementsorpreliminaryphrasesinthemainclauseRelativepronounsandadvertisementsinrelevantclauses03VerbnonfineformAsasubjectTheinfinitiveverbphrasecanserveasthesubjectofasense,expressinganactionorstatethatisgeneralorabstractAsanobjectcompletionTheinfinitiveverbphrasecanfollowcancerverbs,objections,ornounstocompletethemeaningofthepresenceInfinitiveassubjectandobjectcompletionThegerundcanfunctionasthesubjectofasense,oftenexpressingamorespecificorconcreteactionThegerundiscommonlyusedasthedirectobjectofverbs,expressingvariousactionsoractivitiesAgerundservesasthesubjectandobjectAsanobjectAsasubjectAsadvisorsParticlescanmodifyverbs,objections,orotheradvisors,expressingtime,cause,Manner,condition,etcAsattributesParticlescanbeusedasobjectivestomodifynounsorpronouns,providingadditionalinformationabouttheircharacteristicsorstateAscompletionParticlescancompletethemeaningofreceivingverbsorobjections,oftenexpressingaresultorstateParticlesserveasfollowers,attributes,orcompletenessInfiniteverbsexpresspotentialorfutureactions,whilegerundsexpressongingorcompletedactionsInfinitiveverbsareoftenusedwithmodalverbstoexpresslikelihood,permission,oropposition,whilegerundsareusedwithverbsofperceptionoremotiontoexpressexperiencesorfeelingsInfinitiveverbscanhaveasubjectorobjectcompletion,whilegerundtypologicallyfunctionsassubjectsorobjectsThedifferencebetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundPastparticlesaretypicallyusedtoformtheperfecttenseandpassivevoices,expressingactionsthathavebeencompletedorarebeingaffectedbyanotheractionPastparticlesoftenhaveapassivemeaning,whilepresentingparticlesoftenhaveanactivemeaningPresentpapersareusedtoformtheprogressivetensesandasobjectivesoradvertisements,expressingactionsthatareongoiningorthatoccursimilarlywithotheractionsThedifferencebetweenpastparticlesandpresentparticles04SubjunctivemoodCommonsubfunctionalwordsusedinsubfunctionalconditionalsensesinclude:if,less,providedthat,providingthat,incase,onconditionthat,etcInsubfunctionalconditionalsenses,thesubfunctionalmoodismainlyusedtoexpressthematicconditionsandimagingsituationsthatarecurrentlytofactsornotyetrealizedThestructureofsubjunctionconditionalsensescurrentlyexistsoftwoparts:theifclause(conditionalclause)andthemainclauseThesubcriticalmoodisoftenusedintheifclause,whilethetenseinthemainclauseshouldbeconsistentwiththeifclauseTheuseofsubjunctionmoodinsubjunctionconditionalsenses01Thesubcriticalmoodcanalsobeusedinnoclaimstoexpresswishes,suggestions,orders,requests,etc02Commonsubjunctionwordsusedinnonclaimsinclude:wish,suggest,order,request,demand,proposal,etc.Thesubjunctionmoodshouldbeusedafterthesewords03Forexample,"IwishIwereabird."Inthissense,thesubjunctionmood"were"usedafter"wish"toexpressawishthatiscontemporarytofactsTheuseofsubconjunctivemoodinnounclausesBesidesubjunctiveconditionalpresenceandnonclaims,thesubjunctivemoodcanalsobeusedinotherpresencestructures,suchasobjectiveclaimsandtransitionalclaimsInobjectiveclauses,thesubcriticalmoodcanbeusedtoexpressvirtualconditionsorthematicsituationsForexample,"Heistheonlyonewhocoulddoit."Intransitionalclauses,thesubjunctionmoodcanbeusedtoexpressconditions,processes,objectives,etc.Forexample,"Providedthatyouarefreetomorrow,wecangoshopping."Inthissense,thesubjunctionmood"are"usedinthetransitionalclausetoexpressaconditionTheapplicationofsubjunctionmoodinothersensestructuresSometimes,inordertoavoidrepetitionormakethepresencemoreconsensus,theinvertedformofifconditionalpresencecanbecommittedThecommissionoftheinvertedformcommonlyoccurswhenthemainclauseandtheifclausehasthesamesubjectandtheverbinthei