RobertFrostborninSanFranciscodiedinBostonRobertFrost(1874--1963)

ContentsLifeStoryWorksTwoPoemsSuccessAbroadAboutpoemLifeStory

1874born1885fatherdied,familymovedtoLawrenceMassachusetts1892graduatedfromLawrenceHighSchool.attendedDartmouthCollegefortwomonths,thenworkedatvariousjobs1894soldhisfirstpoemMyButterfly,AnElegy《我的蝴蝶：一首挽歌》for$15.proposedmarriagetoElinorMiriamWhite1895gotmarried1897-1899attendedHarvardUniversity(leftforillness)1900motherdiedsoonlater,unseccessfulfarm--EnglishteacheratNewHampshire'sPinkertonLifeStory1912familymovedtoEngland1913publishedABoy'sWill1914

publishedNorthofBoston1915returnedtoAmerica(WWI).boughtfarm,launchedthecareerofwritingteachingandlecturing1924193119371943four-timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize.

普利策獎1961wasinvitedtoreadhispoemTheGiftOutright《全心全意的奉獻》(attheinaugurationofJohnF.Kennedy(firstAmericanpoet)1963diedinBostonTragedyandDepressionDaughters:

LesleyandIrma--unhappymarriagesandpainfuldivorces;Irmawasatonepointcommittedtoamentalhospital,asFrost'ssisterhadbeensomeyearsearlier.Marjorie--sufferingfrompneumonia肺炎,apericardiacinfection心包感染,chronicappendicitis慢性闌尾炎andnervousexhaustion神經(jīng)衰弱.diedin1934,Son:InOctober1940

Carol

committedsuicideWife:InMarch1938

Elinorherselfdiedofheartdisease.SuccessAbroadgainedinternationalreputation.

ABoy'sWill

(1913)and

NorthofBoston(1914),receivedover40honorarydegrees,includingonesfromPrinceton,OxfordandCambridgeuniversities,andwastheonlypersontoreceivetwohonorarydegreesfromDartmouthCollege.

Afour-timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize.

普利策獎1924forNewHampshire:APoemWithNotesandGraceNotes1931forCollectedPoems1937forAFurtherRange1943forAWitnessTree1961readTheGiftOutrightattheinaugurationofJohnF.Kennedy(greatesthonor)Atthetimeofhisdeath,FrostwasregardedasakindofunofficialpoetlaureateoftheUnitedStates非官方桂冠詩人Aboutpoem詩分為兩大類：抒情短詩與戲劇性較強的敘事詩。抒情詩主要描寫了大自然和農(nóng)民，尤其是新英格蘭的景色和北方的農(nóng)民。這些詩形象生動，具有很強的感染力，深受各個層次的讀者喜愛。敘事詩一般風格消沉，表達詩人思想和性格中陰郁的一面。詩歌風格最大的特點是樸實無華，涵義雋永，寓深刻的思考和哲理于平淡無奇的內(nèi)容和簡潔樸實的詩句之中。Hebelievesthatmanisaloneintheworld,andthingshappenneitherforgoodnorforevil,buttheysimplyoccur.Hence,makingchoicesandkeepingsteadfastarethesolutionstothepredicamentoflife.

Froststandsatthecrossroadsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanpoetryandmodernism,forinhisversemaybefoundtheculminationofmanynineteenth-centurytendenciesandtraditionsaswellasparallelstotheworksofhistwentieth-centurycontemporaries.弗羅斯特常被稱為“交替性的詩人”，意指他處在傳統(tǒng)詩歌和現(xiàn)代派詩歌交替的一個時期。他又被認為與T.S.艾略特同為美國現(xiàn)代詩歌的兩大中心。MainWorksABoy'sWill(1913)《少年的意志》NorthofBoston(1914)《波士頓以北》MountainInterval(1916)《山間》West-RunningBrook(1928)《西去的溪流》AFurtherRange(1936)《又一片牧場》AMasqueofReason(1945)《理智的假面具》IntheClearing(1962)《林間空地》MendingWall《修墻》DeathoftheHiredMan《雇工之死》TheRoadNotTaken《未選擇之路》StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening《雪夜林邊駐足》TheRoadNotTakenTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,

AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth

Andbeonetraveler,longIstood

AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould

Towhereitbentintheundergrowth;黃色的樹林里分出兩條路可惜我不能同時去涉足我在那路口久久佇立我向著一條路極目望去直到它消失在叢林深處

Thentooktheother,asjustasfair

Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,

Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;

Thoughasforthat,thepassingthere

Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,但我卻選了另外一條路它荒草萋萋十分幽寂顯得更誘人更美麗雖然在這兩條小路上都很少留下旅人的足跡Andboththatmorningequallylay

Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack

Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!

Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,

IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.雖然那天清晨落葉滿地兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染呵，留下一條路等改日再見！但我知道路徑延綿無盡頭恐怕我難以再回返Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh

Somewhereagesandageshence:

tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI--

Itooktheonelesstraveledby,

Andthathasmadeallthedifference.也許多少年后在某個地方我將輕聲嘆息把往事回憶一片樹林里分出兩條路而我選了人跡更少的一條從此決定了我的一生的道路ConclusionDifferentroadwillleadustoseedifferenttypesofscenery,beforeyouchoosewhichroadtotake,thinkitcarefully,donotfollowtheflow〔隨波逐流〕Afteryoutaketheroadjustdoyourbesttowalkyourroadandenjoythesceneryontheroad.Everyoneisatravelerontheroadoflife;everyonehastomakemanychoicesinhislife,andeverychoicewillbringaboutadifferentoutcome.StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillagethough;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.我知道林子的主人是誰雖然村落是他的所居之地他不會看到我停留于此

凝視他的林子雪花紛飛MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.我的小馬一定以我為怪近無房舍為何停佇況且有林子與冰湖和一年中最黑之夜He

giveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.Theonlyothersound’sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake它搖了搖頸上的鈴鐸，想問問主人有沒有弄錯。除此之外唯一的聲音是風飄絨雪輕輕拂過。personificationalliterationThewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.林子很美——昏暗而幽深但我已有約定還要趕多少路才能安睡還要趕多少路才能安睡alliterationrepetitionWritingSkills(1)RhythmandRhyme(格律)：thispoemiswritteninIambictetrameter(四步抑揚格),therhymeschemeisAABA,BBCB,CCDC,DDDD,whichiscalledinterlockingenclosedrhyme.Withinthefour

linesofeachstanza,thefirst,second,andfourthlinesrhyme.Thethirdlinedoesnot,butitsetsuptherhymesforthenextstanza.Forexample,inthethirdstanza,“queer”,”near“,and“year”allrhyme,but“l(fā)ake”rhymeswith“shake”,”mistake“,and”flake“inthefollowing

stanza.這種韻式叫連鎖抱韻即每一詩節(jié)的第1,2,4行押韻，第3行的尾韻成為下一詩節(jié)的韻腳。(oldfashionedortraditionalform)四音步抑揚格節(jié)奏和連環(huán)式押韻模式：英語屬印歐語系，一個詞往往不止一個音節(jié)，而且多音節(jié)詞有輕重音節(jié)之分，元音和輔音的位置并不固定，交叉錯落，英語詩人可借此奏出抑揚頓挫，回環(huán)往復的詩句。經(jīng)過長期實踐，最后形成比較固定的抑揚格〔輕重格〕、揚抑格、抑抑揚格、揚抑抑格等幾種形式。詩歌的每一行音步也以四音步和五音步居多。這首詩是四音步抑揚格的模式。連環(huán)的押韻模式增強回環(huán)往復的效果。(2)RhetoricalDevice(修辭)：Alliteration(頭韻)sound&sleep;dark&deepPersonification(擬人)“he”—horse“Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer

“Toaskifthereissomemistake.”Repetition(重復)“andmilestogobeforeIsleepandmilestogobeforeIsleep.”Superficialmeaning:thereisstillalon