2023—2024學(xué)年陜西省富平縣富平中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期

第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷

一、閱讀理解

2022BestGlobalUniversitiesinEurope

ThesefourtopglobaluniversitiesinEuropehavebeennumericallyrankedbased

ontheirpositionsintheoverallBestGlobalUniversitiesrankings.Eachinstitution

wasevaluatedbasedonitsresearchperformancearoundtheworld.

UniversityofOxford

ThedateoftheUniversityofOxford'sfoundingmaybetracedbacktoatleast

1096.Oxfordislocatedaround60milesnorthwestofLondon,andaround45percent

ofitsstudentbodyismadeupofgraduatestudents.ResearchatOxfordtakesplacein

allfourofitsacademicdivisions:humanities;mathematical,physicalandlifesciences;

medicalsciences;andsocialsciences.

UniversityofCambridge

TheUniversityofCambridge,locatedaround60milesnorthofLondon,tracesits

historybackto1209.Cambridgecontains31residentialcolleges,whichare-

responsibleforadmittingundergraduateandgraduatestudents;threecollegesLucy

CavendishCollege,MurrayEdwardsCollegeandNewnhamCollege一arewomen-

only.

UniversityCollegeLondon

UniversityCollegeLondon,orUCL,isapublicinstitutionthatwasfoundedin

1826.UCLisbasedincentralLondon,thoughitalsohasbranchcampusesinQatar

andAustralia.Ithasexchangeandresearchagreementsaswellasothertypesof

partnershipswithuniversitiesaroundtheworld,forexample,ZhejiangUniversityin

China.

ImperialCollegeLondon

ImperialCollegeLondonwasfoundedin1907.Theuniversitywaspreviouslya

collegeoftheUniversityofLondonandbecameanindependentinstitutionin2007.

Theuniversity'sUndergraduateResearchOpportunitiesProgrammeeachyearsends

around400studentstopartneruniversitiesindifferentcountriestoconducthands-on

research:foraminimumofeightweeksduringthesummerbreak.

1.Whichuniversityhasthelongesthistory?

A.UniversityofOxford.B.UniversityofCambridge.

C.UniversityCollegeLondon.D.ImperialCollegeLondon.

2.WhatisspecialabouttheUniversityofCambridge?

A.ItislocatedinthesouthofLondon.B.Ithaswomen-onlycolleges.

C.Itusuallyadmitspostgraduates.D.Itownsfouracademicdivisions.

3.WhatmaybeareasonforstudentstochooseImperialCollegeLondon?

A.StudyinginthecitycenterB.ExperiencingthelifeinQatar.

C.Havingeightweeksoffannually.D.Participatinginpracticalstudies.

WhenAmeliathinksaboutherfreshmanyeartwoyearsago,sheremembersbeing

tardytoher8a.m.firstperiodclassfromtimetotime.uItwassohardtowakeupin

themorning,"shesaid."IhadtobiketoschoolandIlivedontheothersideofthe

island/*

Likeotherteens,morningsareastrugglebecauseshehadseveralhoursof

homeworkandextracurricularactivitiesthenightbefore,butresearchshowsthat*s

nottheentirestory.Accordingtopsychotherapists,HeatherTurgeonandJulieWright

intheirbookGenerationSleepless,today'steensaresleepierthaneverandearlier

schoolstarttimeisdisturbingtheirbody'scircadian（晝夜節(jié)律的）rhythm.

“Oneofthethingsthathappenssomewherearoundage12isthattheirbrainclock

becomessettoalaterpace,"saidTurgeon,whichputsateenabouttwohoursbehind

thesleepscheduleofayoungchildoranadult."Thatmeanstheywanttogotosleep

laterandtheywanttowakeuplater,"shesaid.

“Weconsideradequatesleep-theverylowestamount—tobeabouteighthours,"

saidWright.However,theaveragesleeptimeforhighschoolstudentsisusuallyabout

6.5hours.Andmissingoutonjustacouplehoursofresteachnighthasnegative

consequencesfordevelopingteenagebrains.

Whenateenistired,theamygdala—whichisthepartofthebrainthatrespondsto

danger一willbecomemoreactive.Andthepartsofthebrainthatareinchargeof

judgmentbecomelessactive.Sleepissuesarecommonlyassociatedwithanxiety,

depression,bipolardisorder（雙相情感障礙）andADHD（多動(dòng)癥）.“Weseeteens

withveryseriousmentalhealthissuesandaccidentsandsoonthingsthatparents

reallyworryabout-andgettingenoughsleepaddressesthoseissues."

Evenwithresearchshowingthatlettingstudentssleepwellcontributestobetter

academicperfonnance,lowertruancy（曠課）ratesandimprovedmentalhealth,there

hasbeenpushbackfromparentsandschooldistrictsaboutdelayingthestartofthe

schoolday.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tardy”probablymcaninparagraph1?

A.Late.B.Busy.C.Tired.D.Excited.

5.Whatdoweknowaboutthekidsagedabout12accordingtoTurgeon?

A.TheyfeelmoretiredthaneverB.Theysleeplaterandwakeuplater.

D.Theysleepabouttwohourslaterthan

C.Theyhaveabout6.5hoursofsleep

adults.

6.Whatdocsthefifthparagraphmainlytellus?

A.Theteensarealwaysfeelingtired

B.Theamygdalabecomesmoreactive.

C.Thelackofsleepcausesmanyproblems.

D.Theteenagershavetroublesleeping

7.Whatmaybetheauthor'sattitudetolaterschoolstarttime?

A.FavorableB.DoubtfulC.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving

Areflashfloodsbecomingmoresevere?Naturaldisastersaregenerallygetting

worse-andthat'strueforfloods,too.

Asclimatechangewarmstheatmosphere,extremerainfallisrising,which

increasestheriskofflashfloods.Heavyprecipitation（降水）eventsarepredictedto

increaseby2to3timesthehistoricalaverage.TheFederalEmergencyManagement

Agencyexpectsthenation'sfloodplainstoexpandby45percentbytheendofthis

century,astheagencyreportedinarecentstudy.Astudyinearly2021foundthat

increasedprecipitation-resultingpartiallyfromclimatechange-coststheUSan

additional$2.5billioneachyearinflooddamage.Andsomestudiesshowthatflood

frequencywasincreasingintheMississippiRivervalleyandacrosstheMidwestin

thelastcentury,aswellasintheNortheastoverthepast50years.

Thereareseveralstepsyoucantaketoprepareforflashfloods

First,knowthelevelofriskbylookingatfloodmaps.Youmayberequiredtohave

floodinsuranceifyouliveinahigh-riskarea.

Payattentiontoflashfloodwatches,whichtheNationalWeatherServiceissuesto

indicatewhenconditionscouldresult.inflashfloods.Peopleintheseareas-shouldbe-

readytotakeaction-particularlyiftheNWSannouncesaflashfloodwarning.

That1sissuedwhenflashfloodsareapproachingand,atthatpoint,peopleshould

immediatelyleavethearea.

Butbeparticularlycarefulwhentravellingbycar.Don1tdrivethroughflooded

streets-it*sdifficulttojudgethewaterdepth,androadwayshiddenbelowthewater

cancollapse.Iffloodwaterscauseyourvehicletolosecontrol,abandonitandseekthe

higherground.Rapidlyrisingwatercansweepthevehicleaway.Knowyour

surroundingsandheadtothehigherground,andlistentotheradioupdateswhenina

flood.

It*salsoimportanttodevelopanemergencypreparedplanwithyourfamilyor

thoseyoulivewithtohaveafewdays*worthofresources.

8.Whydoestheauthoraskthequestioninparagraph1?

A.Toconfirmanidea.B.Toconcludethetext.

C.Tointroduceatopic.D.Toexpresssomedoubts.

9.Howdoestheauthorssupportthethemeofthesecondparagraph?

A.Byanalyzingcauses.B.Bylistingrelevantdata.

C.Bydescribingprocesses.D.Bymakingcomparisons.

10.Whatarethedriversespeciallyadvisedtodointhetext?

A.Purchaseinsurance.B.Lookatfloodmaps.

C.Haveanemergencyplan.D.Avoidthefloodedstreets.

11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatIsaFlashFlood?

B.DoFlashFloodsNeedControlling?

C.HowDoWePrepareforFlashFloods?

D.AreFlashFloodsBecomingMoreSevere?

Humantearscouldcarryafloodofusefulinformation.Withjustafewdrops,anew

techniquecanspoteyediseaseandevenglimpsesignsofdiabetes（糖尿?。?scientists

reportinACSNano.

“Wewantedtodemonstratethepotentialofusingtearstodetectdisease,"says

LiuFei,abiomedicalengineeratWenzhouMedicalUniversityinChina.It'spossible

thatthetcarscouldopenawindowforscientiststolookintotheentirebody,hesays,

andonedayevenletpeoplequicklytesttheirtearsathome.

Tearscontaintinysacs（囊）stuffedwithcellular（細(xì)月包的）messages.Ifscientists

couldcapturethesemicroscopicmailbags,theycouldoffernewinformationon

whafshappeninginsidethebody.

Butcollectingenoughofthesesacsistricky.Unlikefluidfromotherbodyparts,

justatrickleofliquidleaksfromtheeyes.

SoLiu’steaminventedanewwaytogetthesacsfromtinyvolumesoftears.First,

theresearcherscollectedtearsfromstudyparticipants.Then,theteamaddeda

solutioncontainingthetearstoadevicewithtwonanoporousmembranes（納米多孑L

膜）,shookthemembranesandsuckedthesolutionthrough.Withinminutes,the

techniqueletssmallmolecules（分子）escape,leavingthesacsbehindforanalysis.The

resultsurprisesscientistsverymuch.Differenttypesofdry-eyediseaselefttheirown

molecularfingerprintsinpeople'stears,theteamfound.What'smore,tearscould

potentiallyhelpdoctorsmonitorhowapatient'sdiabetesisprogressing.

Now,thescientistswanttomakeuseoftearsforevidenceofotherdiseasesaswell

asdepressionoremotionalstress,saysstudycoauthorLukeLee,abioengineerat

HarvardMedicalSchool."Thisisjustthebeginning."hesays,"Tearsexpress

somethingthatwehaven'treallyexplored.n

12.Whichofthefollowingcanprovidesomeinformationontheinsideofthebody?

A.Tinysacs.B.Bodyfluid.

C-Molecularfingerprints.D.Nanoporousmembranes.

13.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Anewwaytomakesacs.Proceduresofobtainingsacs.

C.Thecauseoftheexperiment.D,Hopefordiabetespatients.

14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Furtherresearchontearsistobemadebyscientists.

B.Scientistshavediscoveredmoreevidenceabouttears.

C.Scientistshavedonemorethanenoughresearchontearssofar.

D.Scientistsmerelyusetcarsasevidenceofmentalproblems.

15.Wheredocsthetextprobablycomefrom?

A.Anofficialdocument.B.Apersonalblog.

C.Afashionjournal.D.Asciencereport

二、七選五

WaystoSavetheOcean

It*snodoubtthattheoceanneedsourhelp.16Onlythroughbuilding

collectivepowercanweforcestatesandcorporationstotakeresponsibilityforthe

damagethey1vecausedtotheplanet.

Still,howevermuchweunderstandthatreducingandrecyclingisnotenough,small

actionscanhelpussavetheocean.Withthisinmind,we'veroundedupsome

simpleactionswecanalltaketosavetheocean.17Therearealsootherwaysto

savetheocean.

Committoaplastic-freelifestyle.So,inordertohelpsavetheocean,manypeople

arecommittingtoaplastic-freelifestyle.TheUnitedNations(UN)haseven

encouragedthepublictothinkabouthowtheydealwithplasticandthewaystheycan

livewithoutit,orreplaceit:18Ifyoureallyneedtouseplastic,recycleit

responsibly.

Turnyourfoodwasteintocompost（混合肥料）.Compostingfoodwasteisaneasy

waytoreducemethane（甲烷）.Notonlydoescompostreducemethaneproduction,it

canalsohelpyoufertilizeyourpersonalgarden.19Whenyougoshopping,

sticktoaprewrittengrocerylistandbuyunwrappedproducts.

20Tryinvestinginenergy-efficientappliances,eatinglocallysourcedfood,

walkingorridingabike,conservingwater,andshuttingofflightswhenyouaren*t

usingthem.Sure,thesearesmallactions-especiallywhencomparedtothebig

carbonfootprintsofbig-namecorporations一butthesechangescanaddup.

A.Reduceyourcarbonfootprints.

B.Usethosereusablethingsinyourdailylife.

C.Andtrydecreasingyourfoodwastebyshoppinglocally

D.Justremember:thefightforsavingtheoceandoesn1tendhere.

E.Ofcourse,therearemanyotheressentialorganizationsintheworld.

F.It'slikelythatalotofyourself-careproductscontaindamagingmaterials.

G.Thebestthingthatyoucandofortheoceanistojoinamovementtosaveit.

三、完形填空

Fromayoungage,AllisonGilbertlovedtowrite-andnowtheaward-winning

istellingthestoryofatrailblazer（先斗區(qū)者）whoseambitionsweresimilar

tohers.GilbertsbookisListen,World!,.HowtheIntrepidElsie

Robinson:America1sMost-ReadWoman.Itisthefirstbiography

everwrittenElsieRobinson,oneofthemostinfluentialnews

inUShistory.

Gilbert,52,gotinjournalismbywritingforherhighschooland

collegenewspapersandwentontomajorstoriesforTheNew-York

Times,TheWallStreetJournal,CNN,andothernewsoutlets.SheThe

WeekJuniorthatshediscoveredElsieRobinsonwhilehermother*s

belongingsaftershedied.WhenshefoundaattributedtoElsie

Robinsonanddidsomeabouther,GilbertlearnedthatRobinsonwas

agreatjournalistinthe1900s.Shewasthehighest-paidfemalewriterattheHearst

mediaandthenation*smost-readcolumnist.

GilbertwasbyRobinson1sstory."Shehadnomoney,no

resources,noconnections,yetshehadaGilbertsaid."And

throughherowndeterminationandhardwork,sheit.”Gilbert

wroteListen,World!otherscouldlearnaboutRobinsonandshe

wouldnotbetohistory.

TheadvicefbraspiringwritersGilbertwithTheWeekJunior

comesfromRobinson."Elsiewouldsaythatnobodyisanointed（選定）awriter-you

areawriteryousayyouare,"Gilbertsaid.uShewouldalsosay

thatwriters,sojustbegin.”

21.A.workerB.farmerc.gardenerD.journalist

22.A.emptyB.newc.braveD.tidy

23.A.BecameB.Pushedc.CountedD.Checked

24.A.inB.atc.aboutD.after

25.A.pianistsB.columnistsC.patientsD.players

26.A.dressedB.startedC.washedD.killed

27.A.throwB?stopC.coverD.bury

28.A.toldB.allowedC.servedD.hugged

29.A.puttingoffB.goingthroughC.turningdownD.takingup

30.A.penB.gloveC.poemD.coin

31.A.moneyB.soupC.reliefD.research

32.A.empireB.familyC.farmD.factory

33.A.confusedB?terrifiedC.inspiredD.relaxed

34.A.dreamB.bookC.friendD.letter

35.A.taughtB.openedC.trappedD.attained

36.A.orB.soC.andD.but

37.A.fixedB.sentC.givenD.lost

38.A.wastedB.carriedC.guessedD.shared

39.A.sothatB.untilC.becauseD.whenever

40.A.writeB.avoidC.singD.laugh

四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AccordingtoScienceDaily,theArctic,theonlynaturalhabitatforpolarbears,isin

danger.Seaiceintheareacoulddisappear41(complete)by2035.Thisis

undoubtedlybadnewsfortheanimal,astheyusethefloatingseaicetohunt.

Scientistmadethis42(predict)byusingtheUKMetOffice,sHadley

Centerclimatemodel.Thismodelallowedresearchers43(compare)Arcticsea

iceconditionsduringthelastinterglacialperiod-thewarmperiodthat44(occur)

around127,000yearsago-topresentdayconditions.Researchersfoundduringthe

lastinterglacialperiodmanyshallowpoolsofwaterformedonthesurfaceofthe

Arcticseaice.Thesepools45(know)asmeltponds,playedacrucialroleinthe

meltingoftheseaice.Thisisbecauseiftherearelargerareasofmeltponds,more

heat46(absorb)by