2024年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)筆試歷年真題薈萃含答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）第1卷一.參考題庫(共30題)1.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina（）formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical2.rootandstem3.Whatisidiolect?4.Morphology5.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple6.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]7.generallinguistics8.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof（）.A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental9.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，-adultB、+animate，+male，+human，+adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult10.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa（）,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.11.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.12.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.13.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age14.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.15.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence16.inflectionalmorphemesn17.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment，heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.18.Clear[1]anddark[?]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.19.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare（）.A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones20.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.21.acculturation22.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.23.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.24.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage，learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget（）.25.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.26.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.27.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym28.blending29.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition（）.A、LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformatioB、Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC、ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD、Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse30.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.第1卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:B2.參考答案:Thebaseformofaword;theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.3.參考答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.4.參考答案:Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.5.參考答案:A6.參考答案: [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high7.參考答案:Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.8.參考答案:B9.參考答案:B10.參考答案:polyglot11.參考答案:utterance12.參考答案:正確13.參考答案: re-：again，e.g.retype，reorganize un-：not，reverse，e.g.unhappy，unlock anti-：against，anti-drug，anti-imperialism super-greaterthanusual，e.g.superpower，superman -wise：inthemannerof，e.g.clockwise，moneywise -itis：infection.e.g.bronchitis，arthritis -ize：makeinto，e.g.realize，modernize -age：eage，linkage14.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤15.參考答案:D16.參考答案: Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.17.參考答案:正確18.參考答案:complementary19.參考答案:C20.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤21.參考答案:Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.22.參考答案:正確23.參考答案:root24.參考答案:transfer25.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤26.參考答案:complementary27.參考答案:C28.參考答案:Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.29.參考答案:A30.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤第2卷一.參考題庫(共30題)1.Itisthe（）onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter2.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning（）isconsidered.A、referenceB、speech

actC、contextD、practicalusage3.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment4.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof5morphemes.5.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.6.Alinguafranca7.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)（）.A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、contradiction8.subvocalspeech9.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage，theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.10.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?11.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex12.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.13.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.14.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.15.Inthecourseoftime，thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs（）studies，suchassociologyandpsychology.16.Language17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.18.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?（）A、[p]B、[b]C、[m]D、[t]19.namingtheoryandconceptualistview20.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis21.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?22.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural23.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative24.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.25.Linguistics26.Utteranceisbasedon（）;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.27.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?28.（）dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics29.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.30.Senseisconcernedwiththe（）meaningofthelinguisticform.A、contextualB、realC、behavioristD、inherent第2卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:C2.參考答案:C3.參考答案: (1)thehuntersareshooting;thehuntersareshot; (2)youngmenandyoungwomen;youngmenand(notyoung)women; (3)thepresidentappointsothers;thepresidentisappointed.4.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤5.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤6.參考答案:Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefromdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.7.參考答案:D8.參考答案:Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.9.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤10.參考答案: Sapir-Whorfproposedfirstthatallhigherlevelsofthinkingaredependentonlanguage.Orputitmorebluntly,languagedeterminesthought,hencethestrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Becauselanguagesdifferinmanyways,Whorfalsobelievedthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveandexperiencetheworlddifferently,thatis,relativetotheirlinguisticbackground,hencethenotionoflinguisticrelativism.Inshort,thestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisproposesthatthelanguagewespeakdeterminesthewayweperceivetheworldandthereforethenatureofthought.11.參考答案:A12.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤13.參考答案:voiceless；voiced；voiced14.參考答案:words；question15.參考答案:social16.參考答案:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.17.參考答案:錯(cuò)誤18.參考答案:A19.參考答案:Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedt