Unit4LifeonMars

Reading

冊(cè):知識(shí)精講

、知識(shí)點(diǎn)01crowded教材P52

【用法詳解】

l.crowdedadj.人（太）多的；擁擠的

Inwinter,theplaceiscrowdedwithskiers.冬季，這地方滿是滑雪的人。

Londonwasverycrowded.倫敦?fù)頂D不堪。

2.crowdedadj.充滿的；擠滿的

aroomcrowdedwithbooks堆滿書(shū)籍的房間

Wehaveaverycrowdedschedule.我們的日程排得滿滿的。

【典例講解】

Manypeoplemovetothiscityeveryyear.Itbecomes.

A.crowdedandcrowdedB.morecrowdedandmorecrowded

C.moreandmorecrowdedD.morecrowdedandcrowded

【拓展】

1.crowd作為名詞的用法

1）人群；觀眾

Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他在人群中往前擠。

Policehadtobreakupthecrowd.警方不得不驅(qū)散人群。

2）一伙人；一幫人

Bobintroducedhertosomeoftheusualcrowd.鮑勃把她介紹給常見(jiàn)面的幾個(gè)朋友。

3）thecrowdn.群眾；民眾；老百姓；凡夫俗子

Weallliketothinkwestandoutfromthecrowd.我們都喜歡認(rèn)為自己勝人一籌。

Hepreferstobeoneofthecrowd.他寧愿做個(gè)凡夫俗子。

2.crowd作為動(dòng)詞的用法

1）擠滿；塞滿；使…擁擠

Thousandsofpeoplecrowdedthenarrowstreets.成千上萬(wàn)的人把狹窄的街道擠得水泄不

通。

2）涌上（心頭）；涌入（腦海）

Memoriescrowdedhismind.往事涌上他的心頭。

鼻

昱'知識(shí)點(diǎn)02increase教材P52

【用法詳解】

1.increasev.（使）增長(zhǎng)，增多；增加反義詞：decrease減少

Thepopulationhasincreasedfrom1.2millionto1.8million.人口已從120萬(wàn)增力口至！J了180

萬(wàn)。

Thepriceofoilincreased.石油價(jià)格上漲了。

TheyVeincreasedthepriceby50%.他們已經(jīng)把價(jià)格提高了50%

2.increasen.增長(zhǎng)；增多；增加

anincreaseofnearly20%近20%的增長(zhǎng)

Homelessnessisontheincrease（=而creas加g）.無(wú)家可歸者越來(lái)越多。

【典例講解】

ItissaidthatthenumberofforestParksinGuangdongtomorethan1,000sofar.

A.increaseB.increasedC.hasincreasedD.willincrease

鼻

*'知識(shí)點(diǎn)03largenumbersof教材P52

【用法詳解】

largenumbersof=alargenumberof：一些，許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。number前可用large,great,small等詞修飾。

Largenumbersofpeoplemissedthetrain.許多人沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)。

Asahousewife,shehasagreatnumberofthingstodo.作為一名家庭主婦，她有很多的事情

要做。

【典例講解】

1.——audienceswanttorefundtheirtickets.

一Yes,theyaredisappointedandangry.Ithink________isnolessthan500.

A.Anumberof;anamountB.Anumberof;thenumber

C.Aplentyof;theamountD.Thenumberof;theamount

2.一Whafsthenumberofdoctorsinthishospital?

一Ionlyknowthatthenumberofdoctorsinthishospital189.

A.men;areB.man;isC.man;areD.men;is

【拓展】anumberof與thenumberof區(qū)另

anumberof大量的，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumberof……的數(shù)量，修

飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Anumberofstudentsarerunningintheplayground.大量的學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上奔跑。

Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomis45.教師里學(xué)生的數(shù)量是45o

注

星”知識(shí)點(diǎn)04development教材P52

【用法詳解】

1.developmentn.發(fā)展；發(fā)育；成長(zhǎng)；壯大

careerdevelopment職業(yè)的發(fā)展

Thismoneyisintendedforthedevelopmentofthetouristindustry.這筆錢(qián)是準(zhǔn)備用于發(fā)展旅

游業(yè)的。

2.developmentn.開(kāi)發(fā)；研制；研制成果

Thislandisripefordevelopment.這片土地適宜開(kāi)發(fā)。

Thispieceofequipmentisanexcitingnewdevelopment.這臺(tái)設(shè)備是——項(xiàng)振奮人/Q?的最新研究

成果。

【典例講解】

YuanLongpinghasspentallhislifetheresearchandofriceplants.

A.to;developedB.on;developC.to;developingD.on;development

【拓展】

1.developv.（使）成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展，壯大

Thechildisdevelopingnormally.這孩子發(fā)育正常。

Shedevelopedthecompanyfromnothing.她白手起家辦起了這個(gè)公司。

2.developv.開(kāi)發(fā)；研制

Thecompanydevelopsandmarketsnewsoftware.這個(gè)公司開(kāi)發(fā)并銷(xiāo)售新軟件。

a’知識(shí)點(diǎn)05threeeighths教材P53

【用法詳解】

1、分?jǐn)?shù)詞是以基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞合成的，基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。

基數(shù)詞：one、two、three>four

序數(shù)詞：first、second>third>fourth、fifth

2、分子大于1時(shí)，分母需要用復(fù)數(shù)。

3/4threequarters2/5twofifths

3、分?jǐn)?shù)中的分母為2時(shí)，要用half表示，不能用second因?yàn)閟econd是一秒鐘的意思。

1/2ahalfonehalf1/3onethird1/4onefourth/onequarter

【典例講解】

Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolabout800.ofthemareboys.

A.are;TwothirdB.are;Twothirds

C.is;TwothirdD.is;Twothirds

知識(shí)點(diǎn)06prevent教材P53

【用法詳解】

preventv.阻止；阻礙；阻撓

preventsbfromdoingsth=stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事

Theaccidentcouldhavebeenprevented.這次事故本來(lái)是可以防止的。

Heispreventedbylawfromholdingalicence.法律不準(zhǔn)他持有執(zhí)照。

Nothingwouldpreventhimfromspeakingoutagainstinjustice.什么都不能阻止他鳴不平。

【典例講解】

Jackmadeuphismindtodevotehislifepollutionhappily.

A.toprevent;toliveB.toprevent;fromliving

C.topreventing;toliveD.topreventing;fromliving

知識(shí)點(diǎn)07comparewith教材P53

【用法詳解】

1.comparev.比較；對(duì)比

Itisinterestingtocomparetheirsituationandours.把他們的狀況與我們的相比很有意思。

Wecomparedthetworeportscarefully.我們仔細(xì)地比較了兩個(gè)報(bào)告。

2.comparewith/tosb/sth與…類(lèi)似（或相似）

Thisschoolcompareswiththebestinthecountry.這所學(xué)?？膳c全國(guó)最好的學(xué)校媲美。

Thishousedoesn'tcomparewithourpreviousone.這房子比不上我們以前的。

I'vehadsomedifficulties,buttheywerenothingcomparedtoyours.我遇至U了——些困難，

但與你的困難比起來(lái)就算不上什么了。

3.compareAtoB表明…與…相似；將…比作

Also,doyourbestnottocompareyourselftoothers.同時(shí)，盡量不要拿自己和別人比較。

【典例講解】

withhisflat,minelooksnew.

A.Compared;asgoodasB.Tocompare;aswellas

C.Compared;aswellasD.Tocompare;asgoodas

【拓展】

compareto和comparewith的意思與用法差別：

1.compareto表示“把……比作……”“比喻為…”、“比擬”，是指出兩者之間的關(guān)系或相似。

Heoftencomparehisgirlfriendtoarose.他經(jīng)常把他的女朋友比作玫瑰。

Sheoftencomparehisboyfriendtoalion,她經(jīng)常把她的男朋友比作獅子。

2.comparewith則表示“把...和...相比”，“比較”，是指研究評(píng)判人與人之間、事物與事物之

間相同或相異的程度。

3.Youcan'tcompareyourstrongpointswiththeweakpointsofothers.你不能拿自己的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和

弱項(xiàng)相比。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)08connect教材P53

【用法詳解】

connectAto/withBconnectAandB（使）連接；聯(lián)結(jié)；使…連接；接通

Thetownsareconnectedbytrainandbusservices.這些城鎮(zhèn)由火車(chē)和公共汽車(chē)連接起來(lái)。

Firstconnecttheprintertothecomputer.首先把打印機(jī)與計(jì)算機(jī)接通。

We*rewaitingforthetelephonetobeconnected.我們等待著接通電話。

【典例講解】

LiTaoisthechiefengineerofthefamousbridge________ZhenjiangtoYangzhou.

A.connectB.connectingC.connectedD.toconnect

知識(shí)點(diǎn)09challenging教材P53

【用法詳解】

1.challengingadj.挑戰(zhàn)性的；考驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ?/p>

Shedoesnotlikeanyonechallengingherauthority.她不喜歡任何人挑戰(zhàn)她的權(quán)威。

Mikefoundachallengingjobasacomputerprogrammer.邁克找到了一份富有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作一

—當(dāng)電腦程序師。

2.challengingadj.挑起爭(zhēng)論的；不贊同的

Shegavehimachallenginglook."Areyoureallysure?9shedemanded.她用不贊同的眼

光看了他一眼。“你敢肯定嗎？”她問(wèn)道。

【典例講解】

ChenZhiqiangtookpartinSuperBrainIIIhimself.

A.challengingB.tochallenge

C.challengedD.challenge

【拓展】

challengen.&v.

1.挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨任務(wù)

Therolewillbethebiggestchallengeofhisactingcareer.扮演這個(gè)角色將是他演藝生涯

中最大的挑戰(zhàn)。

Destructionoftheenvironmentisoneofthemostseriouschallengesweface.環(huán)境的破壞

是我們所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一。

2.挑戰(zhàn)書(shū)；（比賽等的）邀請(qǐng)，提議

toaccept/takeupachallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)

3.質(zhì)詢；質(zhì)疑；提出異議

Itwasadirectchallengetothepresident'sauthority.這是對(duì)主席權(quán)威的直接質(zhì)疑。

Theirlegalchallengewasunsuccessful.他們的法律質(zhì)疑未獲成功。

翩師展

1.一HaveyoueverbeentotheHappyValleythemeparkinWuhan?

一Yes.ItvisitorsduringtheLanternFestivalthisyear.

A.crowdswithB.iscrowded

C.crowdedwithD.wascrowdedwith

2.Tooursurprise,visitstoourwebsitetwicesinceSeptember.

A.increaseB.increasedC.haveincreasedD.willincrease

3.AsPresidentXiputsit,Chinahasfinecultureandstudentsshouldlearnthehistoryof

ourcountryasithelpsustoknowwherewearefromandwherewearegoing.

A.anumberofB.agreatmanyC.thenumberofD.agreatdealof

4.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksusthehabitofkeepingadiary.

A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop

5.Aboutoftheresearchonanimals9behaviourbeendonesofar.

A.two-nineteenths;haveB.two-nineths;has

C.two-ninths;hasD.two-nineties;have

6.84-year-oldmanwasattackedwhilewalkinginSanFrancisco.Morethan

ofthepopulationinthiscityisAsian.

A.A;one-thirdB.An;one-thirdC./;one-thirdD.An;two-third

7.NowtheChinesegovernmenthasmadelawsthepeopleinsomepublic

placeslikeschools.

A.toprotect,tosmokeB.toprotect,smoking

C.toprevent,tosmokeD.toprevent,smoking

8.一Whafstheadvantageofthisnewtypeofspacecraft?

一current(現(xiàn)有)spacecrafts,thenewoneswouldtravelmuchfaster.

A.ComparedwithB.ComparingwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparewith

9.一HowcanIbecomea/anlearner?

-whatyoulearnyourreallife.

A.active,Connect,withB.wisely,Connectwith

C.patient,Connect,andD.successful,Connect,and

lO.Thebraveboydareshimself.

A.challengeB.challenging

C.tochallengeD.challenges

M分層提分

l.Atweekendsthebeachisalwayswithnoisytourists,(crowd)

2.Thenumberoftheprivatecars(increase)greatlysince2008inthesmalltown.

3.Anumberofoldstudents(have)funplayingontheplaygroundwhentheaccident

happened.

4.Thewomanbelievesthatit'sgoodforherson's(develop)tolearnthepiano.

5.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthree(eight)ofthatontheEarth.

6.(prevent)thespreadofCOVID-19,weshouldbevaccinated(接種疫苗)assoonas

possible.

7.Always(compare)withothersisnotgoodforyou.

8.They'rebuildingtheunderground(connect)theeasttothewestofourcity.

9.Thedevelopmentofa5Ghasbeena(challenge)problemforAfrica.

題組B能力提升練

一、完型填空

Howwillcitiesusetechnologyinthefuturetomaintainpowerduringnaturaldisasters?

Somebrightmiddleschoolstudentsare___1___thisquestion.

___2___ofstudentsfromaroundtheworldexplainedtheirideasregardingthistopicatthe

FutureCitycompetition,whichrecentlytookplaceinWashington,DC.StudentsfromtheJustice

PageMiddleSchoolinMinneapolis,US,wereononeoftheteams.

___3___usingpopulartechnologieslikeflyingcarsandartificialintelligence(人工智能)，

thestudentsfromJusticePagetookamoresimpleapproach(方式)tothetopic.

Theyspentafewweeks___4___theirideasandbuildingamodeltodemonstrate(展示)

them.TheychosethecityofMauiinHawaiiasthesettingfortheirproject.Theychosethiscity

becauseseveraldifferentkindsofnaturaldisastershappenedthereinthepast.

Intheirproject,theycoveredroofsinthecitywithsolarpanels(太陽(yáng)能板),which

poweredaspinningring(旋轉(zhuǎn)的環(huán)形物)thatproducesandstorespower.

___5___apowerfailurehappens,thestoredpowercanbesenttodifferentneighborhoods.

Extraenergycanalsobe___6___toareaswithoutpower.

Thestudents___7___theirmodeltolifewith3Dprintingtechnology.Theyprintedtheparts

theyneededandsetthemuponcircuitboards(電路板).Tomakethemodelmorerealistic(逼真

的)，theymadeabaseoutofwoodenblocksandgrass.Themodelhaslightsand___8___asmall

trainthattravelsbackandforth.Theteamdidnotwinthefinals,buttheexperiencewas___9___.

RyanRowell,13,saidhethoughtitwascooltothinkaboutthingsthathehadn'tconsideredbefore.

Healsosaw10otherteamsmadetheirownpresentationsandmarketedinterestingideas.

Hesaidhewantstokeeplearningaboutengineering.

1.A.worryingaboutB.thinkingaboutC.speakingaboutD.hearingabout

2.A.GroupsB.ClassesC.TeamsD.Armies

3.A.ByB.WhileC.InsteadofD.Becauseof

4.A.developingB.spreadingC.supportingD.encouraging

5.A.UnlessB.BeforeC.UntilD.When

6.A.receivedB.heldC.takenD.sent

7.A.broughtB.keptC.createdD.fixed

8.A.everB.evenC.stillD.just

9.A.successfulB.valuableC.strangeD.enough

lO.A.howB.whichC.whenD.what

題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練

一、閱讀理解

A

Virtualreality（虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)）isakindoftechnologythatusescomputersandprogrammesto

makeamovieorgamelookandfeellikeitisreal.Somepeopleownavirtualrealitygamesystem.

Anumberofthesesystemsusecameras.Youcanalsobuyaspecialdevice（設(shè)備）towearonyour

head.Thesedeviceshavesensors（傳感器）onthem.Whileyouarewatchingtheprogrammeinside

thedevice,thesesensorsandcamerasarewatchingyou.Theywatchhowyourhead,eyes,and

bodymove.Theyusethisinformationtomovearoundthepicturesyouseeinsidethedevice.

Somepeoplealsousespecialheadphoneswiththedevice.Theheadphoneshavesensorson

them.Thisinformationtellstheheadphoneshowtochangethesoundsoitseemsmorerealtoyou.

Withthespecialviewingdevicesandheadphones,aplayercanseeandhearavirtualgamespace

morelikearealplace.

Youcanalsousespecialclothesthatgooveryourhandsandchesttofeellikeyouareinthe

game.Theseclothesarefilledwithsensors.Thesensorstellthegamehowyouaremoving.Then

thegamesendsinformationtotheclothestodosomething.Whenyoupickupaballinthegame,

youmightfeellikesomethingispressing（按壓）onyourhand.

Manykindsofvirtualrealityprogrammesareusedtomakevideogames,

Governmentsusevirtualrealitytotrainsomekindsofworkersandsoldiers.Thentheworkersand

soldierscanpracticewhattodoindifferentsituationstheymightmeet.Inthebusinessworld,

peoplewhowanttoseewhatahouseonbuildingmightlooklikebeforeitisbuiltcanlookatit

usingvirtualreality.

However,virtualrealitydoeshavesomeproblems.Whilethevirtualrealityprogramme

watchesyourmovements,itsometimesdoesnotchangethepictureyouseefastenough.Because

itdoesnotchangethepictureorsoundquickly,yourbodyfeelsthatthereisaproblem.Thatis

whyvirtualrealitycanmakesomepeoplesick.

1.Whatdovirtualrealitygamesusesensorsdo?

A.Torecordaplayer5senvironment.B.Toplaythevideogamefortheperson.

C.Totrainsomekindsofworkersandsoldiers.D.Towatchhowyoumoveyourbodyandhead.

2.WhatdoesitrefertoinParagraph2?

A.Thedevice.B.Theinformation.C.Thegame.D.Thesound.

3.InParagraph4,whichsentencecanbefilledintheblank?

A.Instead,virtualrealitycausesthousandsofworkerstolosetheirjobs.

B.However,virtualrealityisbeingusedformuchmorethanjustgames.

C.Moreover,virtualrealityhelpscompaniessavealotofmoneyandtime.

D.Thoughvirtualrealityisgoodforgamecompanies,ifsharmfultoothers.

4.Whafsthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Howvirtualrealityworksandwhatitcando.

B.Reasonswhyvirtualrealitybecomessopopular.

C.Virtualrealityanditsusesforgovernmentworkers.

D.Howspecialviewingdevicesareusedinvideogames.

B

Whatwillastronauts（宇航員）eatwhenaspacetriptakesyears?

“Lotsoffreshvegetables,“saysDr.JanetWilliams,whoseteamhavespentthelast10years

learninghowtogrowplantsinaspacestation.Andifsagoodthingthatshehasalreadystarted

herwork,becausespacegardeningcanbereallyhard.

Asusual,astronautGeorgeWhitelookedintotheclosedplantroom.HehadplantedDr.

Williams'squick-growingseedlings（幼苗）init,butnoneofthestems（莖）wereshowing.He

openedtheroomtocheckandfoundtheproblem.Thestemsweren'tgrowingupwardandthe

rootsweren'tgrowingdownward.OnEarth,gravity（重力）helpsaplant'sstemsandrootstofind

“up"and"down”.However,inthespacestation,therewasalmostnogravity.

Dr.Williamssuggestedasolution:givetheplantsmorelight,asplantsalsousesunlightto

findtheirway.Anditworked.Whentheplantshadmorelight,thestemstur