27三月20241美國文化之新大陸的發(fā)現(xiàn)MicrosoftPowerpoint演示文稿

Ⅰ.Name,territory,population,nationalbird,capital,nationalflag,nationalanthem,greatseal

ThefullnameofthecountryistheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

NewYork

Cityfrom1789to1790Philadelphiafrom1790to1800Washington,theDistrictofColumbiaWashington

D.C.

U.S.A.isthefourthlargestcountryintheworldwithalargeterritoryof9,372,600squarekilometers(CIA:9,631,418)onlynexttoRussia(17,075,400squarekilometers),Canada(9,970,000squarekilometers)andChina(9,598,077squarekilometers).

U.S.A.hasthethirdlargestpopulationtheworldoverandnowthepopulationhastopped300million(2006-10-1711:46),onlynexttoChinaandIndia.whitebaldeagleRobin(redbreast)Emu

CanadagoosekiwiGoldeneagle

IndianpeacockGoldenPheasant

Red-crownedCrane

TheUnitedStatesnationalflagis“starsandstripes”(nickname:oldglory),andwasmadebyapatriotictailoresscalledMrs.BetsyRossinPhiladelphia.ThesecondcontinentalcongressadopteditonJune14,1777andthisdayisobservedastheflagday.

"Resolved,ThattheflagoftheUnitedStatesbethirteenstripes,alternateredandwhite;thattheunionbethirteenstars,whiteinabluefield,representinganewConstellation."

June14,1777theFlagResolution

BetsyRossFlagBetsyRosspresentingthefirstAmericanflagtoGeorgeWashingtonBetsyRossHouseislocatedseveralblocksfromIndependenceHall

Manypeopletaketheredandwhitetostandforthebloodofthosewhogavetheirlivesforfreedom,andthepresumedpurityofthefreedomideal,respectively.

"Thestaris

asymboloftheheavensandthedivinegoaltowhichmanhasaspiredfromtimeimmemorial;thestripeissymbolicoftheraysoflightemanatingfromthesun."

abookabouttheflagpublishedbytheCongressin1977

"WetakethestarsfromHeaven,theredfromourmothercountry,separatingitbywhitestripes,thusshowingthatwehaveseparatedfromher,andthewhitestripesshallgodowntoposterityrepresentingLiberty."------GeorgeWashingtonUnionJackEU

TheUnitedStatesnationalanthemisthe“star-spangledbanner”andwaswrittenbyanAmericanyouthcalledFranciscoScottKeyduringtheSecondWarofIndependencefrom1812to1814.OnMarch3,1931,thesongwasformallymadethenationalanthemafterPresidentHerbertHooversignedtheCongressbill.DefenseofFortMcHenry

Oh,saycanyousee,bythedawn'searlylight

Whatsoproudlywehailedatthetwilight'slastgleaming?

Whosebroadstripesandbrightstars,throughtheperilousfight

O'ertherampartswewatched,weresogallantlystreaming?

Andtherocket'sredglare,thebombsburstinginair

Gaveproofthroughthenightthatourflagwasstillthere

Osay,doesthatstar-spangledbanneryetwave

O'erthelandofthefreeandthehomeofthebrave?

"astrongdesireforpeace,butwillalwaysbereadyforwar."“apreferenceforpeace”"EPluribusUnum"("OfMany,One”)

"Apyramidunfinished.Inthezenithaneyeinatriangle,surroundedbyaglory,proper."----1782resolutionMDCCLXXVIEyeofProvidence(all-seeingeye)

AnnuitC?ptis("noddedat(our)beginnings.")NovusOrdoSeclorum(neworderofages)Ⅱ.AmericanIndians1originsoftheAmericanIndians2featuresandpopulationoftheAmericanIndians

When?TheycametotheAmericasabout25,000yearsago.

How?TheycamethroughtheBeringStraitbyship?

TheycamethroughaLandBridge?TheycamethroughanIceBridgeduringthewinterdaysaboutfromOctobertoAprilofthenextyear?

Why?intendedtofindnewhuntinggroundschasedbyenemiesnevertofindanywaterintheirhomeland.

Whereandwho?TheycamefromSiberia(Siberians)Mongolia(Mongoloids)NorthChina(Han

Chinese).NazcaLines

Theyareyellow-skinned,andhavebroadfaces,highcheekbonesandblackandthickhairandbeard.Theyare(mostly)colorblindandtheirfingershavenofiguresofgongs.Wheninwartimetheypainttheirfacesredandsotheyarealsocalled“redmen”.

WhenChristopherColumbusarrived,itwasestimatedthattherewereabout25millionAmericanIndiansinthewholewesternworld.NownativeAmericansandAlaskaNatives(EskimosincludingInuitsandAleuts)

makeup2percentoftheAmericanpopulation,withmorethan6millionpeopleidentifyingthemselvesassuch.

warfareepidemicdisease(smallpox,typhus,influenza,diphtheria,measles)displacementwipeoutthebuffaloAmericanbuffalo(Bison)Bisonbeingchasedoffacliff

Americanbisongalloping

"World'sLargestBuffalo"inJamestown,NorthDakotaattheFrontierVillage

“TheonlygoodIndianisadeadone.”ExterminationreservationassimilationTrailoftears

WhilesomeAmericanIndianswerehistoricallyhunter-gatherers,manypracticedaquacultureandagriculture.Theycreatedmonumentalarchitecture,large-scaleorganizedcities,chiefdoms,states,andmassiveempires.ThemostfamousthreeareAztecs(Mexico),Mayas(MiddleAmerica),andIncas(Peru).

InnumerablecropsfirstdomesticatedbyindigenousAmericansarenowproducedandusedglobally.maizeor"corn",squash(pumpkins),pintobean,

limabeans,tomato,potato,peanuts,cacaobeans,cucumber,strawberries,pineapples,peppers,sunflowerseeds,rubber,somespeciesofcotton,tobacco,cocaMaize,LimabeansandpintobeansWatertowerinRochester,MinnesotabeingpaintedasanearofmaizecactusⅢ.Discoveryof“NewWorld”

1reasonsofthediscoveryof“NewWorld”2VoyageofChristopherColumbus3VoyageofJohnCabot4VoyageofAmerigoVespucci5VoyageofFerdinandMagellan

ThroughtheRenaissance(“revivaloflearning”),peoplebecameenlightenedandbecameonceagaininterestedinthestudyofphysicalsciencesuchasgeography.SomebravepeoplestartedtheirexpeditionbysailingwestaroundtheAtlanticwithabeliefintheirmindthattheearthwasround.

Dialogues

writtenbyPlatomentionedthattherewasarichcountrycalled“Atlantis”,whichsankintotheAtlanticOcean"inasingledayandnightofmisfortune"afterafailedattempttoinvadeAthens.

Itwillopenupfreshgroundfortherisingbourgeoisie,promotethedevelopmentofcommerce(mercantilism),seanavigationandindustry,andprovidethewayfortherapiddevelopmentofearlycapitalism.MarcoPolo(c.1254–January8,1324)Silkroad

ChristopherColumbus(1451—1506)wasborninGenoa,Italy.

Theyoungmanlovedsailingandbelievedtheearthwasround.HeplannedtoreachChinaandIndiathroughAtlantic,“theseaofdarkness”.HespentsevenyearsaskinghelpfromthePortuguese,BritishandFrenchgovernments,butwasturneddownandevensneeredat.FinallytheSpanishKingFerdinandandQueenIsabellapromisedtohelphim.

August3,1492,morethaneightysailorsheadedbyColumbussetoffonboardthreeshipsnamed“Pinta”,“Nina”and“SantaMaria”fromtheportofPalos,Spain.October12,1492,theylandedanislandoftheBahamaswhichColumbusnamed“SanSalvador”meaning“HolySavior”.ThentheywenttootherislandssuchasCuba,andcamebacktoPalosonMarch16,1493.

ColumbusmistooktheislandshelandedforIndia,andsocalledtheinhabitants(Tainos)Indians.WestIndiesandWestIndians

From1493to1504ColumbusreachedAmericancontinentthreemoretimesandin1498hereachedsouthAmerica.LandingofColumbus

In1497theItaliannavigatorJohnCabotundertheaidoftheBritish

governmentreachedwhatisnowCanada.

In1499anotherItaliannavigatorcalledAmerigoVespuccireachedBrazilunderaidofthePortuguesegovernment.firstpersontodemonstratethattheNewWorlddiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492wasnottheeasternappendageofAsia,butratherapreviously-unknown"fourth"continent

In1507MartinWaldseemüller,aGermancartographer,producedaworldmaponwhichhenamedthenewcontinentAmericaafterVespucci'sfirstname,Amerigo.AmerigoVespucciand

MartinWaldseemüller

1519to1522thePortuguesenavigatorFerdinandMagellansailedroundtheworldforthefirsttime.FerdinandMagellanhimselfw