【贏在高考?黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（江蘇卷）05

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。

如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題

卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選

出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。

每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Howwillthespeakersgoforapicnic?

A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Byb汰e.

【答案】A

［原文］W:Whydon'twegoforapicnicthisweekend?

M:Goodidea!Iwouldseetothecarandyoupreparethefood.

2.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Listeningtothenews.B.EnjoyingaTVseries.C.Watchingagame.

【答案】C

［原文］M:It'stimeforthenews.CanwechangethechanneltoCCTV1?

W:Waitaminute.Thematchjustgotexciting.Score!Yeah!

3.Whenwillthewomanvisittheman'snewhouse?

A.Nextweekend.B.Itdepends.C.Rightnow.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Tdliketoinviteyoutomynewhousenextweekend.

W:Thankyou,butI'mnotsurewhenI'llhavetimeatthemoment.

4.Whichdoordoesthewomanwanttomakewider?

A.Theonetotheoutside.B.Theonetothediningroom.C.Theonetothefamily

room.

【答案】C

［原文］M:Asyoucanseefromthedrawings,thekitchenhasonedoorintothediningroom,

anotherintothefamilyroom,andathirdtotheoutside.

W:Thedoorintothefamilyroomisn'tbigenough.Coulditbemadewider?

5.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthenewdress?

A.Itscolorisnotherfavorite.

B.Itgoeswellwithherhandbag.

C.It'sabitwidearoundthewaist.

【答案】B

［原文］M:Youlookgreatinthisnewdress.Doesitfitallright?

W:Uh,ifsabittightaroundmywaist.Iwishitcouldbeabitwider.ButIlikethecolor.It

matchesmyhandbag.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C

三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5

秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whenwillthemanprobablyvisittheshop?

A.Thisafternoon.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrowafternoon.

7.Whatisthewoman'sproblem?

A.Shecan'tusethecopymachine.

B.Shelostatelephonenumber.

C.Shehasabusyschedule.

【答案】6.A7.A

【原文】W:Goodafternoon.ThankyouforcallingWilsonLawFinn.ThisisMonica.

M:Hi,Monica,thisisCarlfromWholesaleOfficeSupplies.Iamreturningyourcallabout

thebrokencopymachineinyourshop.Icancomebyandfixittomorrowafternoonifthat's

okay.

W:Actually,IhavequiteafewdocumentsthatIneedtocopyassoonaspossible.Isthere

anychanceyoucouldcomethisafternoon?

M:Hmm...Icouldprobablyfityouinsometimelatethisafternoon.I'llcallyouabout30

minutesbeforeIgetthere.

W:Okay,thankyou.Seeyouthen.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Wheredoesthemanlive?

A.Besideasupermarket.B.Nearacakeshop.C.Acrossfromaschool.

9.Howdoesthewomangettowork?

A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.

10.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?

A.Movehouse.B.Goshopping.C.Collecttheman.

【答案】8.B9.C10.C

［原文］W:Don'tyoulivebythenewsupermarket?

M:Iusedto,butIdidn'treallylikethearea,solastyearwedecidedtomovebackto

Manhattan.Nowwecangoanywhereonfoot,eventhekids'schoolisonlyaten-minutewalk.

Weliveinthatnewbuildingnexttotheoldcakeshop.

W:Oh,thafsgreat.It\anamazingbuilding.Idrivepastiteverydaytogetheretotheoffice.

M:Ihavetosaywe'requitelucky.Actually,Iknowit'squitenearbutsinceyoudrivepast

mybuildingeveryday,maybeyoucouldgivemealiftwhentheweather9sbad,soIdon't

havetotakethecrowdedbus.

W:Yes.Andthey'resayingit'sgoingtorainalldaytomorrow.WhattimeshallIpickyouup?

Is7:45tooearlyforyou?

M:Notatall.7:45isjustfine.Seeyoutomorrow,then.

W:Seeyou.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Aneventtheyareattending.

B.Thingstheyboughtyesterday.

C.Themovietheywillwatchtonight.

12.HowwillthewomangettoLaura'shouse?

A.Shewilltakeataxi.

B.Shewillgotherebybus.

C.Shewillaskhermomtodriveherthere.

13.Whatwillthespeakersdoafterdinner?

A.Gotothemall.B.Gotoanappointment.C.WatchaDVD.

【答案】II.A12.B13.C

［原文］M:Howareyouplanningtogettothebirthdayparty?ShouldIpickyouupinataxi

onmywaythere?

W:Thatwon'tbenecessary.I'matthemallwithmymomrightnow,soI'mprettyclose.

Thereisabusstationrightacrossthestreet.

M:Can'tyoujustaskyourmomtodriveyouthere?

W:Shehasahairappointment,andshewon'tbefinishedintime.

M:That'stoobad.So,areyoubuyingLauraagiftrightnow?

W:Igaveittoheryesterdayonheractualbirthday.Tmjusthereapplyingforajob.

M:Goodforyou.Anyway,doyouknowwhattheplanisfortonight?

W:Yeah.YouandIwillgotherefirstandhelphersetup.Wheneveryoneelseshowsup,

we'lleat,andthenwe'llwatchaDVD.

M:Soundslikeaplan!

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whereisthewomannow?

A.Athome.B.Attheairport.C.Intheoffice.

15.Whattimedoestheplaneleave?

A.At5:00p.m.B.At6:00p.m.C.At8:00p.m.

16.WhyisthemanflyingtoParis?

A.Tovisithisgrandpa.B.Todosomebusiness.C.Tocelebrateabirthday.

17.Whatisthewomanmainlyworriedabout?

A.Howshewillaskforleave.

B.Whowilltakecareoftheirson.

C.WhenshewillmeettheSwifts.

【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.B

【原文】M:Hello,dear.TinflyingtoParisthisevening,butI'mstilltalkingwiththeboss.

Wouldyoupleasepackmythingsupandtakethemtotheairportforme?I'llmeetyouthere.

W:Whatdoyoumean?TheSwiftsarecomingtoourhouseforavisitthisweekend,andyou

arenotgoingtobeathome?Andwehaveplanstogotothetheaterthisevening!

M:TelltheSwiftswehavesomethingimportanttodothisweekend,sowehavetochangeall

theplans!Don'tfbrgettopackmythingsandgettotheairportby6:00.Theplanetakesoffat

8:00thisevening.Itwilltakeonehourtogettotheairportontime.

W:Whyme?Ihavetowaitathomeforourson.Hewillbegettingbackfromschoolsoon.

M:Oh,dear!IguessI'dbetterjusttellyou...nextMondayisyourbirthday,andthisismy

birthdaypresenttoyou.We'regoingtoParis!Pleasejustpackallthethingsweneedforthe

trip,OK?

W:Wow,whatasurprise!Butwhataboutourson?

M:Youdon'tneedtoworryabouthim.I'vearrangedeverything.Hisgrandpawillpickhim

upandtakecareofhim.Iaskedyourbossfortwodays9leaveforyou.We'llbebacknext

Tuesday.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhatwillJaneHowardtalkaboutatthemeeting?

A.Marketing.B.Goods.C.Advertising.

19.WhywillSarabeabsentfromthemeeting?

A.Becauseofaworkmate.B.Becauseofanillness.C.Becauseofaflightdelay.

20.Wherewillthevideoaboutdeliverybeshownonthe27th?

A.IntheGreenRoom.B.IntheRedRoom.C.IntheOrangeRoom.

【答案】18.A19.B20.C

【原文】MynameisNormanFlagstaffpresidentofAustraliaBusinessAssociation.Tdlike

towelcomeyouall,someofwhomcomeasfarasBrisbaneandMelbournetothiswonderful

meetinginourcapital—Canberra.AndIhopeyoumakemostofyourstayhere.Now,Iam

afraidwehavetomakeafewchangestotheprogram.It'simportanttonotethattheafternoon

sessionwillbeginat2:3（）pmonMonday.ThefirsttalkonMarketingbyJaneHowardwillbe

heldintheGreenRoomonthesecondfloor.OnTuesday,thetalkon“Goods“willnotbe

givenbySaraMooreduetoanunforeseenillness,butbyherworkmateBarbara,intheRed

Roomonthesecondfloor.WesendourbestwishandhopeSaraMooreisbackonherfeetin

notime.Thetalkon“Advertising”byPeterSmithhasbeencancelledduetoaflightdelay.

OnWednesdaywe'HbestartingoffthedaywithavideoaboutdeliverypresentedbytheKeys

Company.That'sthe27th,intheOrangeRoom.OnethingbeforeIfinish.Ifthereareany

problemswithtimesandlocationsofthedays'activities,pleaserememberthatthereisa

noticeboardonthefirstfloor.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Welcometothe2022HalLeonardVocal（聲樂(lè)的）Competition

2022willbethetwelfthyearoftheannualHalLeonardVocalCompetition,an

innovativeonlinecompetitionforsingers.ThisistheonlyvocalcompetitionforallofNorth

Americaaimedatyoungsingers,aged23andunder,andoneofthefirstcompetitionsfor

musicstudentsheldentirelyonlineonYouTube.

Unlikealmosteveryothermusiccompetition,thereisnoentryfee,makingitaccessible

toanyqualifiedsinger,whorecordsavideoofsingingasong,andthenpostsitonthe

Internetbythedeadline.Thissavesthecommonlyencounteredexpensesoftravelingto

specificdestinations,asisthecaseinconventionalmusiccompetitions.

Itincludesfouragecategories:

?Children:12andunder

?EarlyTeens:13?15

?HighSchool:16-18

?CollegeUndergraduates/YoungAdults:19?23

Acertainamountofmoneyisawardedtofirstplacewinnersineachcategory,and

valuablegiftcertificatesareawardedtothosesingersplacedsecondandthird.Gift

certificatesarealsopossibleforthosenamedHonorableMention.

Notice:

?VideoentriesmustbesubmittedbeforeFebruary2,2022.

?Thevideomustclearlyshowyourface.Astationarycamerapositionthroughout,

showingyourfaceandmostofyourbody,isperfectlyacceptable,evenpreferable.

,Singersarerequiredtosingtheirselectionsfrommemory.Ifasinger'sperformanceis

notmemorized,theentrywillbedisqualified.

?Youmaysingwithalivepianistinyourvideoentry,oryoumaysingwithofficialHal

Leonardrecordedaccompaniments.Wewillnotacceptunaccompaniedentries.Youcannot

accompanyyourself.

?Youarerequiredtointroduceyourselfandyourselectionsinthevideo,eitherverbally

beforeyourselectionorwithatitlecardbeforethesongs.

21.Howisthecompetitiondifferentfromothermusiccompetitions?

A.Itisheldannually.B.Itchargesnoentryfee.

C.Itisaimedatteens.D.Itofferstravelchances.

22.Whatwillgotothefirstplacewinners?

A.Cashprizes.B.Traveltickets.

C.Giftcertificates.D.Expensivecameras.

23.Whataretheparticipantsrequiredtodointheirvideoentries?

A.Hidetheirfacesallthetime.B.Accompanythemselvesalone.

C.Singsongsfromtheirmemory.D.Avoidintroducingthemselves.

【答案】21.B22.A23.C

【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)音樂(lè)比賽的相關(guān)信息。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlikealmosteveryothermusiccompetition,thereisno

entryfee,makingitaccessibletoanyqualifiedsinger,whorecordsavideoofsingingasong,

andthenpostsitontheInternetbythedeadline.與幾乎所有其他音樂(lè)比賽不同的是，該比

賽不收取報(bào)名費(fèi)，任何合格的歌手都可以參加，他們只需錄制一段唱歌的視頻，然后在

截止日期前將其發(fā)布到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上）“可知，這個(gè)比賽與其他音樂(lè)比賽的不同之處是不收取

參賽費(fèi)。故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Acertainamountofmoneyisawardedtofirstplacewinners

ineachcategory,andvaluablegiftcertificatesareawardedtothosesingersplacedsecondand

third.（每個(gè)類別的第一名將獲得一定金額的獎(jiǎng)金，第二名和第三名將獲得有價(jià)值的禮券廣

可知，一等獎(jiǎng)的獲得者可以獲得現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選A。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Notice部分“?Singersarerequiredtosingtheirselectionsfrom

memory.Ifasinger'sperformanceisnotmemorized,theentrywillbedisqualified.（?歌手被

要求憑記憶演唱他們的選段。如果歌手的表演沒(méi)有被記住，將被取消參賽資格）”可知，

參賽者在參賽視頻中必須要脫稿唱歌。故選C。

B

NormaNewcombehasbeenanursefornearly60years.Shestartedhercareerata

hospitalforbabiesinAugust1958,butshehasnoplanstoretire.

ShehasworkedwithWrightington,WiganandLeighTeachingHospitalsNHS

FoundationTrustfor40years.Shehasbeenafull-timeschoolnursesince1973.Apartfrom

takinganeight-yearbreakfromhercareertohavehertwochildrenin1965,thededicated

nursehasspentnearly60yearsworkinginherrole.

ModestNormadescribesherselfasaschoolnursewhojustdoesherjob.Shesaid,"I'm

proudtobewhereIamandI'mverypassionateaboutthelocalareaandeverythingrelatedto

theschoolnursing.WehavebrilliantteamleadersandIworkwithabrilliantteamofschool

nursesandhealthvisitors.TmjusthappywithwhatIamandwhereIam.^^

DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Normahadtoworkfromhomeduetohavinga

weakenedimmunesystem（免疫系統(tǒng)）.Normasaidthatshelikedpeopleratherthan

machines.Shethoughtshecouldstillwritequickerthanshecouldtype.Obviously,things

havetoprogress,butthereisnotthesamepersonalcontact.Despitehittingthemilestone,

Normahasnoplanstoslowdown.

Norma'scolleaguessurprisedherwithapartyatherworkplace,whereshewasgifted

flowersandjewellery.RabinaTindale,chiefnurseinthehospital,said,“Weareextremely

proudtohaveNormaaspartofourteamandaccesstohersignificantexperienceandwisdom.

Sheholdsaveryspecialplaceintheheartsofthechildrenandfamiliesthatshehashelped

overtheyears.Wehopeshehasanamazingdaytocelebrateherbirthdaywithher

colleagues.”

24.HowlonghasNormabeenafull-timeschoolnursetill2022?

A.65years.B.60years.C.49years.D.41years.

25.WhatdoesNorma'swordsshow?

A.Herwishforthefuture.B.Herlovefornursingwork.

C.Thesupportfromthelocalarea.D.Thereasonwhysheworksasanurse.

26.WhydidNormahavetoworkathomeduringtheCOVID-19pandemic?

A.Herimmunesystemwasweak.B.Shewastoooldtotraveltowork.

C.Thenursingschoolwascloseddown,D.Itwasdifficultforhertoliveinthe

school.

27.WhichwordcanbestdescribeNorma?

A.Creative.B.Respectable.C.Stubborn.D.Funny.

【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.B

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。一位年邁的英國(guó)護(hù)士仍然堅(jiān)持工作并且拒絕退休。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ShehasworkedwithWrightington,WiganandLeigh

TeachingHospitalsNHSFoundationTrustfor40years.Shehasbeenafull-timeschoolnurse

since1973.（她與賴特廷頓、維根和利教學(xué)醫(yī)院NHS基金會(huì)信托基金工作了40年。自1973

年以來(lái)，她一直是一名全職的學(xué)校護(hù)士。）”可知，Norma從1973年起擔(dān)任學(xué)校的專職

護(hù)士，所以Norma做了49年學(xué)校的專職護(hù)士。故選C項(xiàng)。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Norma的話"I'mproudtobewhereIamandI'mvery

passionateaboutthelocalareaandeverythingrelatedtotheschoolnursing.（我很自豪能做至U

這一點(diǎn)，我對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾团c學(xué)校護(hù)理相關(guān)的一切都充滿熱情。廣以及“I'mjusthappywithwhat

IamandwhereIam.（我只是對(duì)我現(xiàn)在的樣子和我現(xiàn)在的位置感到滿意。廣可知，她熱愛(ài)

她的工作。故選B項(xiàng)。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Normahadtowork

fromhomeduetohavingaweakenedimmunesystem（免疫系統(tǒng)）.（在COVID-19大流行期

間，由于諾瑪?shù)拿庖呦到y(tǒng)薄弱，諾瑪不得不在家工作。廠可知，因?yàn)樗拿庖吡Σ?，?/p>

以疫情期間她不得不在家工作。故選A項(xiàng)。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段RabinaTindale的話“Weareextremelyproudtohave

Normaaspartofourteamandaccesstohersignificantexperienceandwisdom.Sheholdsa

veryspecialplaceintheheartsofthechildrenandfamiliesthatshehashelpedoverthe

years.（我們非常自豪諾瑪能成為我們團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員，并獲得她的重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)和智慧。她在多

年來(lái)幫助的孩子和家庭心中占據(jù)著非常特殊的地位。廠可知，她認(rèn)為Norma是值得尊敬

的。故選B項(xiàng)。

C

Climatechangeisalreadyaffectingwateraccessforpeoplearoundtheworld,causing

moreseveredroughtsandfloods.Climatechangeimpactsthewatercyclebyinfluencing

when,where,andhowmuchrainfalls.Italsoleadstomoresevereweathereventsovertime.

Increasingglobaltemperaturescauseswatertoriseintotheairinlargeramounts,whichwill

leadtohigherlevelsofatmosphericwatervaporandmorefrequent,heavy,andintenserains

inthecomingyears.

Climatescientistspredictthatthisshiftwillleadtomorefloodssincemorewaterwill

fallthanvegetationandsoilcanabsorb.Theremainingwater,orrunoff,flowsintonearby

waterways,pickingupcontaminantslikefertilizers（月巴料）ontheway.Toomuchrunoff

eventuallytravelstolargerbodiesofwaterlikelakes,andtheocean,damagingthewater

supplyandlimitingwateraccessforhumansandecosystems.

Whenfertilizersfromfarmingwashintolakesandtheocean,theypromotetherapid

growthofalgae（藻類）.Theseresultingalgalbloomsfillcoastsandwaterwayswithcloudsof

green,blue-green,red,orbrownalgae.Theyblocksunlightfromreachingunderwaterlifeand

reduceoxygenlevelswithinthewater.Poisonsfromthealgaecankillofffishandother

aquaticanimals,makepeoplesick,andevenkillhumans.Thesepoisonsareespecially

dangerousbecausetheycansurviverainfallprocesses,makingtapwaterunfittoconsume

oncecontaminated.Algalbloomsalsoimpactindustriesthatrelyonthewaterforbusiness,

andoftencauselocalwaterfrontstoshutdownduringblooms.

Therearemanythingsthateveryonecandotolessentheimpactofclimatechange.

Somemeasuresincludegrowingyourownfruitsandvegetablesorbuyinglocallygrown

produce,sinceproduceisoftentransportedtogrocerystoresfromfarawaybytrucks,which

addmorecarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Youcouldalsowalkorrideabikeinsteadof

drivingacar.

28.Whatisaconsequenceofclimatechangeaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Extremeweather.B.Watersupply.

C.Watercycle.D.Pollutedatmosphere.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contaminants"inparagraph2mean?

A.Nutrients.B.Soils.C.Pollutants.D.Organisms.

30.Whatdoestheauthortellustodointhelastparagraph?

A.Mastersomewaystodofarmingwork.

B.Buymoreforeignfruitsandvegetables.

C.Havearegularexerciselikewalking.

D.Formsomehabitsofreducingcarbondioxide.

31.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.CausesofClimateChange.B.HarmClimateChangeDoestoHumans.

C.ImpactsofClimateChangeonWaterAccess.D.WaystoLessentheImpactsofClimate

Change.

【答案】28.A29.C3().D31.C

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述氣候變化己經(jīng)影響到全世界人民的用水，造成

了更嚴(yán)重的干旱和洪水。而我們每個(gè)人都可以做很多事情來(lái)減輕氣候變化的影響。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Climatechangeisalreadyaffectingwateraccessforpeople

aroundtheworld,causingmoreseveredroughtsandfloods.Climatechangeimpactsthe

watercyclebyinfluencingwhen,where,andhowmuchrainfalls.Italsoleadstomoresevere

weathereventsovertime.(氣候變化已經(jīng)影響到全世界人民的用水，造成了更嚴(yán)重的干旱

和洪水。氣候變化通過(guò)影響降雨的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和數(shù)量來(lái)影響水循環(huán)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，

這也會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的天氣事件。廣可知，氣候變化會(huì)引起極端天氣。故選A項(xiàng)。

29.詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第二段“Theremainingwater,orrunoff,flowsintonearby

waterways,pickingupcontaminantslikefertilizersontheway.loomuchrunoffeventually

travelstolargerbodiesofwaterlikelakes,andtheocean,damagingthewatersupplyand

limitingwateraccessforhumansandecosystems.(剩余的水或徑流會(huì)流入附近的水道，在

途中收集肥料等的O過(guò)多的徑流最終會(huì)流向更大的水體，如湖泊和海洋，從

而破壞供水，限制人類和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的用水。）”可知，最終這些徑流會(huì)破壞人類和生態(tài)系

統(tǒng)的用水，所以猜測(cè)contaminants應(yīng)表示“污染物”。故選C項(xiàng)。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段"Therearemanythingsthateveryonecandotolessenthe

impactofclimatechange.Somemeasuresincludegrowingyourownfruitsandvegetablesor

buyinglocallygrownproduce,sinceproduceisoftentransportedtogrocerystoresfromfar

awaybytrucks,whichaddmorecarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Youcouldalsowalkor

rideabikeinsteadofdrivingacar.（每個(gè)人都可以做很多事情來(lái)減輕氣候變化的影響。一

些措施包括種植自己的水果和蔬菜，或購(gòu)買(mǎi)當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)檗r(nóng)產(chǎn)品通常由卡車

從很遠(yuǎn)的地方運(yùn)到雜貨店，這會(huì)增加大氣中的二氧化碳。你也可以步行或騎自行車代替

開(kāi)車。廠可知，我們可以做很多事來(lái)來(lái)減輕氣候變化的影響。其中包括做一些可減少二

氧化碳的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。

31.主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Climatechangeisalreadyaffectingwateraccessforpeople

aroundtheworld,causingmoreseveredroughtsandfloods.Climatechangeimpactsthe

watercyclebyinfluencingwhen,where,andhowmuchrainfalls.Italsoleadstomoresevere

weathereventsovertime.Increasingglobaltemperaturescauseswatertoriseintotheairin

largeramounts,whichwillleadtohigherlevelsofatmosphericwatervaporandmore

frequent,heavy,andintenserainsinthecomingyears.（氣候變化已經(jīng)影響到全世界人民的

用水，造成/更嚴(yán)重的干旱和洪水。氣候變化通過(guò)影響降雨的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和數(shù)量來(lái)影響

水循環(huán)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，這也會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的天氣事件。全球氣溫升高會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的

水上升到空氣中，這將導(dǎo)致未來(lái)幾年更高水平的大氣水蒸氣和更頻繁的暴雨。廣以及后

文可知，文章主要講述氣候變化已經(jīng)影響到全世界人民的用水。所以C項(xiàng)Impactsof

ClimateChangeonWaterAccess.（氣候變化對(duì)用水的影響）符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetween

scienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsall

governments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomic

benefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.

Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists^^haveinvented,the

newdrugstorelieveolddisorders,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhich

previouslyunmanageableconditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,

thepoliticiansdemandofscientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto"economicsneeds”,and

thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbe

translatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortestlime.Dependent,astheyare,

onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Likethe

restofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatest

possiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveas

aclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,

creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousof

conflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafety

ofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamed

forwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Evenifthe

professorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseof

hisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearch

funding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworking

inaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehands

ofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemascorruptible.This

makesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythe

scientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthe

safetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer,andanuclearengineerismost

likelytobeemployedbythenuclearindustry.Ifanuclearengineerdeclaresthatareactoris

unsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusit

issafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployer

whopayshissalary.

32.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

A.Thedeclineofpublicexpenditure.B.Quickeconomicreturns.

C.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.D.Supportfromthevoters.

33.Whywon'tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment'spolicyconcerningscientific

research?

A.Theyrealizetheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.

B.Theyknowittakesincrediblepatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.

C.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.

D.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionssecretstothemselves.

34.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientists

because.

A.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonesty

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfunding

C.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcerned

D.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobeshort-sightedandabsurd

35.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

A.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

B.Itmaywearouttheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.

C.Itmakesthingsmoretrivialforscientiststoseekresearchfunds.

D.Peoplewillnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.

【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.D

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任在一定程度上源于科學(xué)與技術(shù)、發(fā)

現(xiàn)與制造之間界限的模糊。大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，從科學(xué)事業(yè)過(guò)去和將來(lái)所帶

來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的角度來(lái)為料學(xué)研究的公共并支辯護(hù)。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublic

expenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprise

hasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.（大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，都以科

學(xué)事業(yè)在過(guò)去和將來(lái)所帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益來(lái)證明在科學(xué)研究上的公共支出是合理的戶可

知，說(shuō)到科學(xué)研究，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的是快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。故選B項(xiàng)

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第?段中“Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesin

whattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeand

theideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.（許多人有保留意見(jiàn)，但在他們看來(lái),在一種不利于

追求理解本身和探究、創(chuàng)造精神的氣氛中，他們把這些意見(jiàn)保留了下來(lái)）“可知，科學(xué)家

們不抱怨政府的科研政策是因?yàn)樗麄円庾R(shí)到他們?cè)?個(gè)不利于自由追求知識(shí)的環(huán)境中

工作。故選A項(xiàng)。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,

somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleast

wonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding4即使教授沒(méi)有在任何公司擔(dān)任顧

問(wèn)，一些人可能仍然不信任他，因?yàn)樗c那些做顧問(wèn)的人有聯(lián)系，或者至少想知道他的

一些研究資金的來(lái)源）”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，人們懷疑科字家的專業(yè)判斷，因?yàn)樗麄?/p>

可能會(huì)受到與他們有相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的聯(lián)系的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。

35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientific

pronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas

“exp